冠心病与糖代谢异常的关系

目的:探讨冠心病与糖代谢异常的关系。方法:对本院心血管内科住院的512例冠心病患者进行糖耐量试验和冠脉造影检查,统计糖耐量异常患者比例,对比不同糖耐量患者之间的冠脉病变程度。结果:除已确诊为糖尿病的166例患者外,余下接受口服葡糖耐量试验(OGTT)的346例患者中,新发糖尿病74例(21.39%),糖调节异常152例(43.93%)。512例冠心病患者中,糖尿病患者240例,高达46.88%。空腹血糖(FPG)与OGTT试验结果对比,单纯检测FPG糖尿病漏诊率为43.2%,糖调节异常漏诊率为73.7%;与糖耐量正常和糖耐量异常组比较,糖尿病组冠脉病变3支及以上病变比例明显升高(20.83%比30.92%比58.75%),P0.05~0.01。结论:冠心病大多数合并有糖代谢异常,糖尿病组冠脉病变3支及以上病变比例明显高于糖耐量正常和糖耐量异常组;口服葡萄糖耐量试验能显著提高糖代谢异常的检出率。     

冠心病患者的糖代谢异常分析

目的探讨冠心病患者血糖代谢异常的发生率以及糖代谢异常对心血管事件发生和影响预后的可能机制。方法选择病情稳定的冠心病(NACS)患者和急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者各110例。抽取静脉血检查空腹血糖(FBG)和餐后2小时血糖(2hPG),若其中任何1项异常,则进行口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)。根据血糖结果分为糖代谢正常组和糖代谢异常组(包括糖耐量异常组和糖尿病组)。同时行丙二醛(MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)测定。结果糖代谢异常发生率在NACS和ACS患者中分别占44.54%和63.64%。无论NACS患者或ACS患者,糖代谢异常组的MDA升高和SOD降低与糖代谢正常组比较差异均有显著性;合并糖尿病和合并糖耐量异常的患者组间MDA及SOD水平比较,差异无显著性。结论糖代谢异常在冠心病患者中发生率较高,其中新识别糖代谢异常需要行OGTT检查;合并糖代谢异常的冠心病患者脂质过氧化程度高;合并糖耐量异常与合并糖尿病一样,对冠心病患者有相等程度的氧化应激。     

住院老年冠心病患者的糖代谢特征分析

目的探讨老年冠心病患者的糖代谢特征及糖代谢异常的诊断状况。方法连续入选确诊的住院冠心病患者657例,按年龄分为老年组(≥60岁,329例)和中青年组(60岁,328例),对2组未确诊糖尿病的患者行口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT),比较2组糖代谢状况。结果与中青年组比较,老年组高血压、糖尿病及冠状动脉3支病变比例明显升高(P0.05)。老年组患者行OGTT的比例明显低于中青年组(60.1% vs 69.5%,P0.05),老年组OGTT检出糖耐量异常的比例显著高于中青年组(44.2% vs 32.9%,P0.05)。结论老年组患者糖尿病及糖耐量异常的比例高于中青年组,应重视OGTT在老年冠心病患者中的实施。     

131例库欣综合征患者的糖代谢特点分析

目的分析库欣综合征(CS)患者的临床资料,了解CS继发糖代谢异常的特点。方法回顾性分析131例CS患者年龄,病程,BMI,BP,FPG,2hPG,血钾(K),血脂和血、尿皮质醇等指标。结果研究对象中,合并糖尿病者60例,IGT者22例。Pearson相关性分析显示,CS患者年龄、病程、TG、00:00和08:00血皮质醇与FPG呈正相关(r=0.260、0.140、0.400、0.530、0.450,P0.05),HDL-C、K与FPG呈负相关(r=-0.260、-0.340,P0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、病程、00:00血皮质醇水平是CS患者发生糖尿病的危险因素。在CS继发糖尿病患者中,以FPG为诊断标准,45%患者确诊,55%患者漏诊。结论年龄、病程、00:00血皮质醇是CS患者发生糖代谢异常的危险因素,建议CS患者采用75g OGTT筛查糖代谢异常。     

重视稳定性冠心病患者的血糖管理

高血糖是最重要的心血管系统危险因素之一,对患者预后具有显著的不良影响。另一方面,冠心病患者或仅存在心血管危险因素的人群中高血糖的发生率显著高于一般人群。当冠心病患者并存糖代谢异常时,其不良心脑血管事件发生率进一步增高。因此,在冠心病患者中加强对糖代谢异常的筛查并予以合理干预,对于最大程度的改善患者预后具有重要意义。     

稳定性冠心病患者血糖管理的中国专家共识(修订版讨论稿)

糖代谢异常（糖尿病前期与糖尿病）与心血管疾病之间存在着密切的内在联系,二者互为高危人群。高血糖是最重要的心血管系统危险因素之一,对患者预后具有显著的不良影响。另一方面,冠心病患者或仅存在心血管危险因素的人群中高血糖的发生率显著高于一般人群。当冠心病患者并存糖代谢异常时,其不良心脑血管事件发生率进一步增高。因此,在冠心病患者中加强对糖代谢异常的筛查并予以合理干预,对于最大程度的改善患者预后具有重要意义。     

口服葡萄糖耐量试验在空腹血糖低于7.0 mmol/L冠心病患者中的应用价值

目的:探讨空腹血糖7.0 mmol/L的不同冠状动脉(冠脉)病变冠心病患者中糖代谢异常的发生情况以及口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)在这类患者中的应用价值。方法:收集我院心内科2016年1月至2018年9月空腹血糖7.0 mmol/L的426例冠心病住院患者,根据冠脉造影结果分为冠脉单支病变组(n=110)和冠脉多支病变组(n=316),通过OGTT分析两组患者中糖代谢异常的发生情况。结果:冠脉单支病变组中,糖调节受损54例(49.09%),糖尿病11例(10.00%),糖代谢异常共65例(59.09%);冠脉多支病变组中,糖调节受损180例(56.96%),糖尿病47例(14.87%),糖代谢异常共227例(71.83%)。与冠脉单支病变组比较,冠脉多支病变组患者年龄较大,男性患者较多,体重指数较高,肥胖及超重患者较多,总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平较高,有冠心病家族史者较多,糖耐量异常和糖尿病患者较多,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示:年龄(OR=1.038,95%CI:1.009～1.068)、吸烟(OR=1.964,95%CI:1.232～3.129)、体重指数(OR=1.662,95%CI:1.181～2.338)、糖耐量异常(OR=1.039,95%CI:1.032～1.224)、糖尿病(OR=1.651,95%CI:1.032～3.109)、冠心病家族史(OR=2.122,95%CI:1.104～4.076)是冠心病患者冠脉多支病变的危险因素。结论:空腹血糖7.0 mmol/L的冠心病患者中糖代谢异常比例较高,且冠脉多支病变组较冠脉单支病变组存在更多的糖代谢异常。     

急性脑梗死患者糖脂代谢紊乱的临床研究

目的调查急性脑梗死患者血糖及血脂代谢异常情况,以制定合理的干预策略,改善预后。方法选择急性脑梗死患者398例,按牛津郡社区脑卒中项目分型,检测空腹血糖(FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)、血脂,对无糖尿病史的患者在病情稳定后,进行口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT),根据FPG水平,将患者分为糖代谢正常组196例,糖调节受损组78例和糖尿病组124例,对各组糖脂水平进行对比分析。结果 398例患者总的糖代谢异常率为50.8%,其中入院后新确诊糖尿病59例(14.8%)、糖调节受损78例(19.6%),在新确诊的糖代谢异常中,40.7%的糖尿病及59.0%的糖调节受损通过OGTT确诊。与糖代谢正常组比较,糖调节受损组和糖尿病组患者血脂、FPG及HbAlc水平明显升高(P<0.05);在脑梗死各亚型中,患者FPG、血脂水平无差异,但腔隙性脑梗死患者糖代谢异常比例最高。结论脑梗死患者糖代谢异常比例高,OGTT可发现大量合并糖代谢异常患者,糖脂代谢异常在动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死的病理机制中起重要作用。     

冠心病合并糖代谢异常患者临床资料分析

高血糖是最重要的心血管系统危险因素之一,对患者预后具有显著的不良影响。在冠心病患者中加强糖代谢异常的筛查并予合理干预,对于最大限度改善患者的预后具有重要意义。现对我院2005年1月2010年1月住院的冠心病患者糖代谢异常情况进行回顾性分析。     

糖代谢异常与急性冠脉综合征患者预后的关系

目的：探讨急性冠脉综合征（ACS）患者糖代谢异常与心血管事件发生的关系。方法：对183例ACS患者于入院次日清晨行简化VI服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT），根据OGTT结果将患者分为糖尿病（DM）组40例，糖调节异常（IGR）组58例，糖耐量正常（NGT）组85例，对比分析不同糖代谢状况30d内心血管事件的发生率。结果：DM组30d内心血管事件发生率明显高于IGR组及NGT组（P〈0．05），而IGR组心血管事件发生率亦高于NTG组（P〈0．05）。结论：糖代谢异常和急性冠脉综合征患者30d预后较差有关，临床应加强对ACS患者的血糖控制。     

稳定型冠心病及合并糖尿病危险因素的高血压患者糖代谢异常筛查

目的调查在心内科门诊中既往无糖代谢异常病史的稳定型冠心病及合并糖尿病危险因素的高血压患者的糖代谢异常发生情况。方法对入选患者进行空腹或餐后毛细血管血糖检测,空腹血糖≥6.1 mmol/L或餐后随机血糖≥7.8 mmol/L的患者再进行口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)。结果共1412例患者进行毛细血管血糖检测,其中939例患者进行空腹血糖检测,281例(29.9%)患者空腹血糖≥6.1 mmol/L并且<7.0 mmol/L,105例(11.2%)患者空腹血糖≥7.0 mmol/L;473例患者进行餐后随机血糖检测,123例(26.0%)患者随机血糖≥7.8 mmol/L并且<11.1 mmol/L,43例(9.1%)患者随机血糖≥11.1 mmol/L。入选患者共552例(39.1%)毛细血管空腹血糖≥6.1 mmol/L或随机血糖≥7.8 mmol/L,其中298例患者又进行了OGTT,正常糖耐量(NGT)66例(22.1%),糖调节受损(IGR)132例(44.3%),其余100例(33.6%)患者新诊断为糖尿病。结论对既往无糖代谢异常病史的稳定型冠心病及合并糖尿病危险因素的高血压患者进行毛细血管血糖筛查及OGTT有助于早期发现糖代谢异常。     

老年短暂性脑缺血发作患者的磁共振弥散加权成像异常与临床特征分析

目的探讨老年短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)患者的磁共振弥散加权成像(DWI)异常改变与其临床特征的关系。方法63例老年TIA患者分为DWI正常组(38例)和DWI异常组(25例),并对两组患者的临床特征进行比较,应用多因素logistic回归分析获得老年TIA患者DWI异常改变的独立相关因素。结果63例TIA患者中,TIA症状持续时间≥30 min、临床表现为失语和(或)运动障碍以及冠心病及心房颤动病史的患者在DWI多见异常改变,两组差异显著;年龄、性别、TIA发作次数及其他危险因素与DWI异常改变未见相关。结论老年TIA患者的DWI异常改变与TIA症状持续时间及临床表现为失语和(或)运动障碍以及冠心病及心房颤动病史有关。     

Behavioral cardiology: Recognizing and addressing the profound impact of psychosocial stress on cardiovascular health

Psychosocial stress exerts independent adverse effects on cardiovascular health. The recent INTERHEART study reported that psychosocial stress accounted for approximately 30% of the attributable risk of acute myocardial infarction. Prospective studies consistently indicate that hostility, depression, and anxiety are all related to increased risk of coronary heart disease and cardiovascular death. A sense of hopelessness, in particular, appears to be strongly correlated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Time urgency and impatience have not been consistently related to risk of coronary disease, but do increase the likelihood of developing hypertension. Psychosocial stress appears to adversely affect autonomic and hormonal homeostasis, resulting in metabolic abnormalities, inflammation, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction. Additionally, stress is often associated with self-destructive behavior and non-compliance with medications. Psychosocial stress is a highly modifiable risk and many factors have been shown to be protective. These include psychosocial support, regular exercise, stress reduction training, sense of humor, optimism, altruism, faith, and pet ownership. Simple screening questions are available to reliably indicate a patient at risk for psychosocial stress-related health problems.     

Metabolic characteristics of glucose intolerance: the critical role of obesity.

INTRODUCTION: Obesity enhances insulin secretion and resistance. We investigated its importance in linking insulin metabolism to glucose intolerance. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied 700 subjects referred by general practitioners for possible metabolic abnormalities. Plasma glucose was measured before (FPG) and after (2h-PG) OGTT, together with insulin. Insulin resistance was estimated by HOMA-IR, insulin sensitivity using ISI(gly) and ISI(Stumvoll) indexes, insulin secretion by first (1stPH est) and second phase (2ndPH est) estimates. RESULTS: Sixty three subjects had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), 132 impaired fasting glucose (IFG), 63 a mixed disorder (IFG/IGT). Insulin resistance was present only in IGT and IFG/IGT. IFG sub-jects had inappropriately low insulin secretionexclusively during fasting. In a stepwise logistic regression analysis BMI>or=27, female sex and hy-pertension were associated to an altered 2h-PG during OGTT, while hypertension and age were linked to alterations in FPG. While overweight prevalence (BMI>or=7) was higher in all glucose intolerance groups, obesity (BMI>or=30) was typical of IGT. Overweight and obesity were related to higher insulin concentration, secretion and resistance. Obese normal glucose tolerant subjects were more insulin resistant than lean IFG patients. DISCUSSION: OGTT is essential to correctly establish the metabolic derangement of glucose intolerance. Obesity is significantly connected with the impairment of insulin metabolism even in subjects with normal FPG. Considering that both obesity and insulin resistance are independently associated to an increased cardiovascular risk, all overweight subjects, even with normal FPG, should be referred for OGTT evaluation to define glucose tolerance status in order to enforce adequate preventive actions.     

Evaluation of metabolic syndrome in elderly age patients of coronary heart disease

BACKGROUND: Recently, metabolic syndrome is increasing in Japan and it is thought to be the cause of coronary heart disease. In this study, we evaluated the metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance that is thought to be located in the upstream of metabolic syndrome in high age patients of coronary heart disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Coronary risk factors were examined and OGTT with measurement of plasma glucose and serum insulin was done to evaluate metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in 214 patients who underwent coronary angiography; 102 patients were over 65 years old (high age group) and another 112 were young age group. We compared the two groups. RESULTS: The rate of hypertension was significantly high and that of obesity, LDL-cholesterol level and triglyceride level were significantly low in high age group compared with the young age group. There was no difference in the ratio of metabolic syndrome between the two groups. The frequency of insulin resistance confirmed by HOMA-R was significantly high in the young age group, however there was no difference confirmed by 2 hour serum insulin level after OGTT. CONCLUSION: The influence of glucose metabolism and insulin resistance was equal between the two groups. The frequency of metabolic syndrome was the same, but the coronary risk factors were different between the two groups. Abnormal glucose metabolism and insulin resistance were common to both groups. To diagnose insulin resistance, 2 hour serum insulin level was more effective than HOMA-R.     

空腹血糖受损与冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病

目的分析空腹血糖受损与冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的关系。方法选择2006年2月至2007年12月我院392例可疑冠心病住院患者,采集临床资料,由心内科心导管专业医师操作,行冠脉造影,按Gensini评分系统,对冠状动脉进行定性和定量评价。按不同空腹血糖（FPG）分组：1组FPG〈5．6mmol／L。2组5．6FPG〈6．1mmol／L,3组6．1≤FPG〈7．0mmol／L,4组FPG≥7．0mmol／L,进行组间冠心病危险因素和冠脉粥样硬化程度对比;按是否患冠心病分组,比较冠心病组与非冠心病组的基本特征。结果从1组到4组,随着FPG逐渐升高,年龄、BMI、冠脉积分、高血压、冠心病患病率及长病变、三支病变发生率逐渐升高,P均〈0．05;1组高血压患病率、BMI、年龄分别与其他组相比,P均〈0．05;1组冠心病发病率、长病变发生率、三支病变发生率、冠脉积分分别与其他组相比,P均〈0．05;非冠心病组的FPG为（5．59±0．99）mmol／L。结论将FPG控制在56mmol／L以下,患冠心病概率小。     

中国住院冠心病患者糖代谢异常研究--中国心脏调查

目的 探讨中国冠心病患者糖代谢异常的流行状况。方法 选取北京、上海等7个城市共52家三级甲等医院为合作研究中心，于2005年6月1日至2005年9月31日在各医院心内科所有符合冠心病诊断纳入标准的住院患者连续入选为研究对象，共收集有效病例3513例。未确诊为糖尿病的对象均需进行口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT），以判断糖代谢状况。结果 冠心病住院患者中糖尿病患病率为52．9％，糖调节受损患病率为24．0％，总的糖代谢异常患病率为76．9％。若不进行OGTT试验，仅依靠检测空腹血糖，将有87．4％糖调节异常患者和80．5％糖尿病患者被漏诊。结论 中国冠心病住院患者中绝大多数合并糖代谢异常，并且需要通过OGTT及时准确地发现这些合并糖代谢异常的患者。     

Miscellaneous non-inflammatory musculoskeletal conditions. Rare thesaurismosis and xanthomatosis

The focus will be on xanthomatosis, a tissue danger signal which needs to be recognized by the clinician, and its relationship with monogenetic lipoprotein disorders (cholesterol, triglycerides), bile acid and sterol metabolism, particularly on metabolic pathways and genetics as well as on musculoskeletal and cardiovascular involvement, and their implications for clinical management. The critical question is to assess coronary heart disease risk, requiring correct identification of the pattern of lipoprotein disorders and of the causes (primary or secondary). Familial hypercholesterolemia must be suspected in adults and children with raised total cholesterol, especially when there is a personal or a family history of premature coronary heart disease, usually requiring potent statins to achieve adequate LDL-cholesterol lowering, even if we do not know safety of long-term therapy and whether treatments of dyslipidemia early in life prevent cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis is a treatable disease and must be suspected if there is a history of infantile chronic diarrhea and/or juvenile cataracts, even in the absence of tendon xanthomas. Current evidence for the prevention and screening, diagnosis, and treatment of dyslipidemia are available for the clinicians.     

The cardiometabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease

The cardiometabolic syndrome is a prevalent metabolic disorder. Epidemiologic studies correlate the cardiometabolic syndrome with an increased risk of coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke, cardiovascular mortality, and total mortality. There is also evidence that the cardiometabolic syndrome is a risk factor for abnormalities in myocardial metabolism, cardiac dysfunction, and arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation. Multiple imaging modalities, both invasive and noninvasive, may help physicians better define the presence or risk of cardiovascular disease in their patients with the cardiometabolic syndrome.