磷酸钛钾激光声带切除术不同术式的临床特点

目的 探讨支撑喉镜下磷酸钛钾（ｐｏｔａｓｉｕｍ ｔｉｔａｎｉｕｍ ｐｈｏｓｐｈａｔｅ,ＫＴＰ）激光声带切除术不同术式的选择及愈合过程中的临床特点。方法 选择７６例早期声门型喉癌行ＫＴＰ激光声带切除术,对不同术式术后喉内结构恢复过程、音质变化等进行随访观察记录。结果 Ⅰ型术式１１例,３个月后恢复喉的正常结构及功能;Ⅱ型术式５０例,３个月后有声带样粘膜皱襞（以下称新声带）形成,基本恢复喉的结构;Ⅲ型术     

激光声带切除术后新声带形成的临床观察和组织学研究

目的　探讨激光声带切除术后新声带形成的过程和机理。方法　应用激光切除 4只家犬两侧声带黏膜、声韧带及部分声带肌 ,保留前联合 (模拟AbitbolⅡ型术式 ) ,8个月后观察喉的大体结构及新声带组织结构。对 10 0例声门型喉癌应用激光声带切除术的患者 ,根据声带切除深度和范围分为 3型 ,通过术后连续随访 ,观察新声带形成过程。结果　激光声带切除术 8个月后的家犬均有新声带形成 ,HE染色见黏膜表面为鳞状上皮 ,其下有新生的韧带样结缔组织及疏松的肌纤维。 10 0例患者中Ⅰ型 16例 3个月后全部恢复喉的正常结构 ,Ⅱ型 86 % ( 5 4 6 3例 )的患者术后 4个月恢复喉的正常结构 ,形成新声带。 2 1例Ⅲ型患者均无新声带形成。结论　激光声带切除术后形成的新声带组织结构接近正常声带 ,残存的声带肌可能是新声带形成的重要基础     

声门型喉癌激光声带切除术后复发病例临床分析

目的：了解支撑喉镜下激光声带切除术治疗早期声门型喉癌复发的临床特点及如何选择再治疗方案。方法：采用波长为532nm的非接触式KTP激光,根据肿瘤大小和侵及深度选择不同术式：Ⅰ型声带切除术16例,Ⅱ型声带切除术63例,Ⅲ型声带切除术21例;对患者术后的复发时间、复发部位、选用术式及原发病变范围等进行分析。结果：1例在术后2个月复发,行激光手术切除,3个月后再复发,再行扩大垂直半喉切除,观察4年无复发。2例在术后3个月复发,1例在术后6个月复发,均行扩大垂直半喉切除,观察4年无复发。1例在术后1年复发,行全喉切除治疗。复发部位在前连合处4例,声带中部1例,其中原发病变T1a 3例,复发率为3．1％;T1b2例,复发率为50．0％。结论：激光声带切除术后复发时间多在半年内,复发部位多在前连合处,早期发现后应首选扩大的部分喉切除术;严格选择手术适应证,熟练的手术技巧是提高疗效的关键。     

激光声带切除术后新声带形成的临床观察和组织学研究

目的 探讨激光声带切除术后新声带形成的过程和机理。方法 应用激光切除4只家犬两侧声带黏膜、声韧带及部分声带肌，保留前联合(模拟AbitbolⅡ型术式)，8个月后观察喉的大体结构及新声带组织结构。对100例声门型喉癌应用激光声带切除术的患者，根据声带切除深度和范围分为3型，通过术后连续随访，观察新声带形成过程。结果 激光声带切除术8个月后的家犬均有新声带形成，HE染色见黏膜表面为鳞状上皮，其下有新生的韧带样结缔组织及疏松的肌纤维。100例患者中I型16例3个月后全部恢复喉的正常结构，Ⅱ型86％(54／63例)的患者术后4个月恢复喉的正常结构，形成新声带。21例Ⅲ型患者均无新声带形成。结论 激光声带切除术后形成的新声带组织结构接近正常声带，残存的声带肌可能是新声带形成的重要基础。     

激光对早期喉癌及癌前病变的治疗

目的：探讨显微支撑喉镜下激光治疗早期声门癌及癌前病变的临床疗效。方法：经病理诊断并经术后评理证实的9例早期声门癌（T1N0M0）及17例癌前病变于全麻支撑喉镜显微镜下行三种类型激光声带切除或部分切除术。结果：经平均12个月随访，2例喉角化症分别于术后3个月、5个月复发而重行激光手术，其余病例无复发征象，近期疗效满意。行激光I型声带术者，术后1月创面新粘膜修复覆盖，约2－3月后发声功能基本恢复正常。Ⅱ-Ⅲ型者，术后2月创面新粘膜修复覆盖，术后6月术区有声带样粘膜隆起代替，发声功能明显优于既往传统术式，无并发症出现。结论：对早期声门癌及癌前病变应用支撑喉镜显微镜下激光声带手术是行之有效的微创伤性手术，既达到了根治肿瘤的目的，又明显提高了术后发声质量。     

声带不同CO2激光术式对嗓音功能的影响

目的 :探讨在喉部支架完整保留状态下 ,以CO2 激光手术对声带多种疾病行不同术式治疗后的嗓音功能改变。方法 :以CO2 激光对 5 0例喉角化症及白斑病患者行局部病变粘膜切除 ;对 90例声门癌行声带粘膜剥脱 30例 ,声带切除 6 0例。比较不同术式的嗓音声学、气流动力学及频闪喉镜下嗓音功能特点。结果 :局部病变粘膜切除术后 ,嗓音声学检测接近正常 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,声带剥脱术后 ,基频、基频微扰、振幅微扰与正常比较差异有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,谐噪比与正常比较差异有非常显著性意义 (P <0 .0 1) ;声带切除术后 ,嗓音声学参数与正常比较差异有非常显著性意义 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :随着CO2 激光治疗深度的渐进 ,声带体层受累加重时 ,声带振动功能逐渐丧失 ,但代偿机制逐渐发挥作用 ,嗓音功能发生本质变化。     

声带沟的诊断及治疗

目的　探讨声带沟的分型及治疗方法。方法　 2 9例声带沟患者按有无声嘶及沟的形态分为 3型 :Ⅰ型 :生理型 ,11例 (无声嘶 ) ;Ⅱ型 :裂线型 ,13例 ;Ⅲ型 :局凹型 ,5例 ;后两种为病理型声带沟 ,有声嘶。对有声嘶 18例进行了手术及术后嗓音训练治疗 ,手术方法有 :①黏膜下分离自体脂肪注射术 (Ⅱ型 9例 ,Ⅲ型 2例 ,其中 1例为术式②疗效不佳再手术者 ) ;②黏膜切开挖槽自体脂肪注射术(Ⅱ型 4例、Ⅲ型 1例 ) ;③声带沟切除术 (Ⅲ型 4例 ,包括 1例术式①疗效不佳再手术者 )。所有患者均随访 6个月以上 ,平均为 15 3个月。结果　喉镜及嗓音分析发现 ,13例Ⅱ型患者中 10例 (其中 6例为黏膜下分离自体脂肪注射术 ,占该术式 6 /9;4例为黏膜切开挖槽自体脂肪注射术 ,占该术式 4 /4) ,术后 3个月声带沟消失 ,发音良好 ,声带振动恢复 ;另 3例单行黏膜下分离自体脂肪注射术者 ,术后声带沟变浅 ,仍稍声嘶。 5例Ⅲ型患者中 3例行声带沟切除术后 4～ 5个月声带沟消失 ,发音时声门闭合好 ,声带振动恢复 ;另 2例先单行黏膜下分离自体脂肪注射术或黏膜切开挖槽自体脂肪术者 ,术后 10d～ 3个月声带沟再现 ,再次手术后好转。结论　对声带沟患者应分型后采用不同治疗方法 ,黏膜切开挖槽自体脂肪注射术对Ⅱ型治疗效果最好 ,声     

激光治疗喉癌前病变

目的在手术治疗喉癌前病变的同时,最大限度的保留和恢复喉的正常发音功能。方法应用激光外科手术治疗喉癌前病变77例,其中采用声带黏膜上皮层切除术治疗声带黏膜白斑及轻度不典型增生23例;采用声带黏膜剥脱术治疗中、重度不典型增生44例;激光切除成人型喉乳头状瘤10例。结果23例声带黏膜白斑及轻度不典型增生者术后2个月发音恢复正常;44例中、重度不典型增生者术后3～5个月发音逐渐恢复正常;10例喉乳头状瘤患者术后发音明显优于经颈进路手术的发音。结论嗓音显微外科手术既能分层切除声带病变,又能最大限度的保留和恢复喉的发声功能,是治疗喉癌前病变首选的微创性方法。     

声带沟的诊断及治疗

目的探讨声带沟的分型及治疗方法。方法29例声带沟患者按有无声嘶及沟的形态分为3型：Ⅰ型：生理型，11例(无声嘶)；Ⅱ型：裂线型，13例；Ⅲ型：局凹型，5例；后两种为病理型声带沟，有声嘶。对有声嘶18例进行了手术及术后嗓音训练治疗，手术方法有：①黏膜下分离自体脂肪注射术(Ⅱ型9例，Ⅲ型2例，其中1例为术式②疗效不佳再手术者)；②黏膜切开挖槽自体脂肪注射术(Ⅱ型4例、Ⅲ型1例)；③声带沟切除术(Ⅲ型4例，包括1例术式①疗效不佳再手术者)。所有患者均随访6个月以上，平均为15．3个月。结果喉镜及嗓音分析发现，13例Ⅱ型患者中10例(其中6例为黏膜下分离自体脂肪注射术，占该术式6／9；4例为黏膜切开挖槽自体脂肪注射术，占该术式4／4)，术后3个月声带沟消失，发音良好，声带振动恢复；另3例单行黏膜下分离自体脂肪注射术者，术后声带沟变浅，仍稍声嘶。5例Ⅲ型患者中3例行声带沟切除术后4～5个月声带沟消失，发音时声门闭合好，声带振动恢复；另2例先单行黏膜下分离自体脂肪注射术或黏膜切开挖槽自体脂肪术者，术后10d～3个月声带沟再现，再次手术后好转。结论对声带沟患者应分型后采用不同治疗方法，黏膜切开挖槽自体脂肪注射术对Ⅱ型治疗效果最好，声带沟切除术对Ⅲ型治疗最合适。     

KTP激光手术治疗T1a声门型喉癌远期疗效分析

目的：了解支撑喉镜下KTP激光声带切除术治疗T1a声门型喉癌的远期疗效。方法：选择1997～2001年问在我院单独应用KTP激光在支撑喉镜下行激光声带切除术治疗的T1a声门型喉癌95例，主要统计其局部控制率、复发率和5年生存率，全部病例通过电话或来院复诊等形式随访5～8年。结果：单独行KTP激光声带切除术的95例患者中，术后5年死亡0例，复发3例，失访3例，5年复发率为6．3％，5年生存率为96．8％。结论：支撑喉镜下激光声带切除术治疗T1a声门型喉癌的局部复发率和5年生存率均令人满意，应成为T1a声门型喉癌的首选治疗方案。     

磷酸钛钾激光声带切除术治疗早期声门癌的疗效观察

目的：探讨磷酸钛钾（ＫＴＰ）激光声带切除术治疗早期声门癌的效果。方法：对３０例行激光声带切除术者（激光组）和１８例行喉裂开声带切除者（喉裂开组）术后的喉内结构变化、音质、生存质量等进行对比分析。结果：激光组半年后在原声带处长出一新声带，音质明显提高接近正常，生存提高较高。喉裂开组无新声带形成，音质半年内较好而后持续较差，生存质量在拔管前较低，拔管后同激光组。术后观察２～４年，激光组２例复发，喉裂开     

Clinical observation and histological research of vocal cord's reformation after laser cordectomy]

OBJECTIVE: Explore the reformation of new vocal cord after laser cordectomy and the histological change of new vocal cord by animal experiment. METHODS: The reforming course of new vocal cord was observed by follow-up. 4 dogs underwent bilateral cordectomy (type II operation) and their larynx were analyzed anatomically and histologically eight months later. 100 cases who underwent KTP laser cordectomy were divided into 3 types according to the range and depth of the excision. RESULTS: All the dogs had reformation of vocal cords eight months later. On the surface of the reformed vocal cord, no mucous cell but squamous cells was found. Newborn ligament-like connective tissues and loose muscle fibers were found under membrane. Complete reconstruction of larynx was found in 16 cases of type I (16/16) and 54 of type II 86% (54/63). But in type III no new vocal cord was found. CONCLUSION: Formation of the new vocal cord is the result of hypertrophy of the remained vocal cord muscle, influenced by depth of the excised vocal cord using laser. The histological construction is nearly normal cord. Whether or not the laser radiation stimulate the tissue hypertrophy is need more research.     

Transoral laser microsurgery is the recommended treatment for early glottic cancers

Medical terminology frequently mistakes the instrument for the surgical procedure: endoscopic excision of laryngeal cancers existed long before laser came into use. Lasing obeys the same rules as those of suspension laryngoscopy: if adequate laryngeal exposure is not attained, then the procedure is at risk of being incomplete and of providing few satisfactory results. Because a certain degree of literary anarchy exists in terms of definitions for the different cordectomy types, the Nomenclature Committee of the European Laryngological Society has proposed a classification. This categorization is a synthesis and a compromise between members of the Society who had developed and used, for several years, a personal classification. The proposed classification has two aims: to better understand each surgeon's technique in function of the tumoral extent; and to compare more rigorously the postoperative results. This classification includes the following procedures: Subepithelial cordectomy or decortication (Type I); Subligamentous cordectomy (Type II); Transmuscular cordectomy (Type III); Total or complete cordectomy (Type IV); Extended cordectomy encompassing the contralateral vocal fold (Type Va); encompassing the arytenoid (Type Vb); encompassing the ventricular fold (Type Vc); encompassing the subglottis (1 cm) (Type Vd).     

Functional assessment of posterior cordotomy in patients with bilateral vocal fold paralysis

Surgical treatment of bilateral vocal fold paralysis must be undertaken if such a condition lasts 6-12 months or longer and causes dyspnoea. The purpose of the procedures is to assure proper airflow through the glottis and to preserve good voice and unimpaired swallowing. Modern endoscopic surgery of the glottis is performed with CO2 laser. The following paper presents results of laser posterior cordotomy performed in 17 patients aged 19-73 years suffering from bilateral vocal fold paralysis. Results and conclusions: In 7 patients the range of vocal fold resection had to be expanded. 3 individuals developed post-operative granulation in subglottal region. Spirometry and electroglottography were performed before and after the operation to assess the patients' laryngeal functions: respiration and voice quality. The results indicate that laser cordectomy was effective in the discussed group of patients.     

Laryngeal Compensation for Voice Production After CO2 Laser Cordectomy

Objectives

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) laser cordectomy is considered one of the modalities of choice for treatment of early glottic carcinoma. In addition to its comparable oncological results with radiotherapy and open surgical procedures, it preserves of laryngeal functions including voice production. The aim of this study was to detect how the larynx compensates for voice production after different types of CO₂ laser cordectomy for early glottic carcinoma together with assessment of the vocal outcome in each compensation mechanism.

Methods

One hundred twelve patients treated with CO₂ laser cordectomy were classified according to their main postoperative phonatory site. Perceptual analysis of voice samples using GRBAS (grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, and strain) scale was done for 88 patients after exclusion of the voice samples of all female patients to make the study population homogenous and the samples of 18 male patients due to bad quality (4 patients) or unavailability (14 patients) of their voice samples and the results were compared with those obtained from control group that included 25 age-matched euphonic male subjects.

Results

Five types of laryngeal compensation were defined including: vocal fold to vocal fold, vocal fold to vocal neofold, vocal fold to vestibular fold, vestibular fold, to vestibular fold, and arytenoids hyper adduction. Characters changes of voice produced by each compensation type were found to be statistically significant except for breathiness, asthenia and strain changes in vocal fold to vocal fold compensation type.

Conclusion

The larynx can compensate for voice production after CO₂ laser cordectomy by five different compensation mechanisms with none of them producing voice quality comparable with that of controls.     

Voice function following CO2 laser microsurgery for precancerous and early-stage glottic carcinoma

CONCLUSIONS: With the cover layer injured, vocal function of mucosal ablation could be protected and even return to normal after surgery and vocal function of mucosal stripping was slightly affected with extensive mucosal injury. Once the body layer was injured, the compensatory mechanism would play an important role in phonation. OBJECTIVES: To investigate voice function following CO2 laser microsurgery for precancerous and early-stage glottic carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Vocal function was examined by acoustic analysis, aerodynamic analysis and videostroboscopic examination. RESULTS: For mucosal ablation, vocal quality recovered 1 month after surgery. For mucosal stripping, although vocal quality was steady 3 months after surgery, slight hoarseness persisted in this group. The contour of the treated fold recovered postoperatively. There were no complications in recovery. For cordectomies, vocal quality became steady 6 months after the surgery. The supraglottal hyperfunction with supraglottal structure squeezing played an important role in phonation. The affected vocal fold mucosal wave was absent instead of a regular ventricular fold wave or mucosal wave of the vocal process during phonation. In comparison with the type III-IV cordectomy, the results of extended cordectomies (type Va and Vc) were worse; however, the difference was not statistically significant. Granulomas and anterior commissure webs were present. All granulomas resolved spontaneously 3 months postoperatively.     

支撑喉镜下喉硅胶膜置入及声带缝合手术治疗喉蹼

目的探讨喉硅胶膜置入及声带黏膜缝合术在治疗喉蹼中的价值及预后转归。方法21例喉蹼患者，4例儿童，17例成人；其中既往有双侧声带手术史（声带任克水肿、声带小结、声带息肉、声带角化）8例，喉乳头状瘤手术史6例，喉部外伤史6例，先天性喉蹼1例。患者在全麻支撑喉镜下行喉蹼瘢痕松解后，15例成人行声带黏膜缝合及喉硅胶膜置入术；4例儿童及2例成人行单纯声带黏膜缝合术。结果15例喉硅胶膜置入患者3—4周后取出支撑的硅胶膜，除1例既往曾有喉裂开史，治疗后前联合处仍残留2—3mm粘连带外，其余14例患者声带前联合均获得良好三角形形态，发音明显改善，无呼吸困难。6例行单纯声带黏膜缝合患者呼吸及发音得到明显改善，2例成年患者前联合处残存2～3mm正常黏膜，术后声带即获得很好成形效果；4例患儿术后前联合残留2—3mm粘连。全部患者随诊6个月-3年，无瘢痕再生。结论喉硅胶膜置入及声带缝合手术治疗喉蹼，利于患者呼吸及发音功能的改善，避免颈外入路手术或气管切开及长期声门支撑，创伤小，并发症少。而声带黏膜单纯缝合手术还可以单独应用于粘连带相对较薄（小于5mm）、黏膜相对丰富的儿童及前联合残存正常黏膜的喉蹼患者。     

单侧声带横断与声带部分切除术治疗双侧声带外展麻痹

目的探讨用单侧声带横断与声带部分切除术治疗双侧声带外展麻痹的疗效与临床应用价值。方法对9例继发性双侧声带外展麻痹的患者,采用支撑喉镜下单侧声带横断与声带部分切除术进行治疗,通过术后的观察随访,对该术式的临床效果进行分析与评估。结果8例患者气管切开后行单侧声带横断与声带部分切除术,其中7例患者术后2个月安全拔管,1例不能拔管的患者经过再次手术2个月后安全拔管;另1例I度呼吸困难患者经口气管内插管后行声带手术。所有患者行单侧声带横断与声带部分切除术后随访半年以上呼吸困难完全缓解;术后声嘶程度均较前加重,但不影响日常的生活交流。结论单侧声带横断与声带部分切除术治疗双侧声带外展麻痹的方法,不需要昂贵器械,简单实用,临床疗效良好,并发症少,值得在基层医院中推广应用。     

Submucosal cordectomy for laryngeal stenosis

Submucosal cordectomy, an old procedure first described for the treatment of bilateral abductor vocal cord paralysis, was used to relieve glottic or minimal subglottic stenosis in four patients. Three attained adequate airways with no further procedures; one required subsequent dilations for granulation tissue after which decannulation was successfully effected. Although airway restoration has been successful, the resultant voice has been poor, poorer than that usually achieved with arytenoidectomy. When cricoarytenoid scarring precludes arytenoidectomy and lateral vocal cord fixation, an adequate laryngeal lumen can be restored with submucosal cordectomy if sufficient laryngeal cartilage support remains.