配伍对麻黄甘草药对中麻黄类生物碱在大鼠体内组织分布的影响

目的：研究麻黄与甘草配伍前后麻黄类生物碱在 SD 大鼠组织分布特点,从药物相互作用角度揭示甘草对麻黄类生物碱组织分布的影响。方法采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（ UPLC - MS/ MS）法在多反应监测（MRM）模式下测定麻黄与甘草配伍前后不同时间点大鼠各组织液中麻黄类生物碱的浓度,比较麻黄与甘草配伍前后麻黄类生物碱组织分布的差异。结果与麻黄组相比,麻黄与甘草配伍后,促进了去甲基麻黄碱、麻黄碱和伪麻黄碱在研究组织中的吸收和分布;加快了去甲基麻黄碱、麻黄碱、伪麻黄碱和甲基麻黄碱从脑组织中消除;抑制了去甲基伪麻黄碱在心和脑组织中的吸收和分布,并加快了其从心和脑组织中的消除;不同程度地加快了去甲基麻黄碱从心、肺、肾的消除,加快了麻黄碱从心组织中消除,加快了甲基麻黄碱从肺和肾中的消除。结论麻黄与甘草配伍对麻黄类生物碱在大鼠组织中的分布具有显著的影响。     

玄龙止咳方中药物配伍对麻黄有效成分影响的研究

目的:考察玄龙止咳方中其它药物对麻黄中麻黄碱和伪麻黄碱含量的影响。方法:色谱条件为Wondasil-C_(18)色谱柱(250 mm x 4.6 mm,5μm);流动相:以0.1%的磷酸(含0.1%的三乙胺)为流动相A,甲醇为流动相B;柱温30℃;流速:1.0 m L.min~(-1);进样体积:10μL,检测波长210 nm。结果:与麻黄单煎液的滤液相比,五味子能促使麻黄碱的含量升高,升高率达39.98%;僵蚕和百部都能使麻黄碱和伪麻黄碱含量降低,约降低10%。结论:麻黄与其他药物配伍时,麻黄碱和伪麻黄碱容易受到影响,含量或升高或降低。故而在麻黄提取时,配伍应当得到重视,同时为玄龙止咳方的制备方法提供依据。     

HPLC法测定平喘合剂中麻黄碱、伪麻黄碱的含量

医院复方制剂平喘合剂由炙麻黄、白果、款冬花、法半夏等多种中药组成，具有平喘、化痰、止咳的功效。主要用于慢性支气管炎、支气管哮喘等患者。方中麻黄为常用传统中药．具有发汗平喘的功效。临床上已沿用千年。近代大量的实验研究证明，方中麻黄所含的麻黄碱（Ephedrine）、伪麻黄碱（Pseudo—ephedrine），可解除支气管痉挛，松弛支气管平滑肌，且作用较缓而持久。为建立平喘合剂的质量控制方法．采用HPLC法测定该药中麻黄碱、伪麻黄碱的含量。     

酸水煮提法提取麻黄的工艺研究

目的优选麻黄中麻黄碱和伪麻黄碱的最佳提取工艺。方法用高效液相色谱法对麻黄中麻黄碱和伪麻黄碱进行含量测定;用正交试验法优选最佳提取工艺。结果最佳提取工艺为第1次用10倍量水,提取45min;第2次用8倍量水,提取30min;水的pH值为3。结论该提取工艺合理,含量测定方法简单、可靠。     

麻黄-桂枝配伍对麻黄类生物碱、桂皮酸及桂皮醇在大鼠体内药动学的影响

目的建立UPLC-MS/MS法,对麻黄-桂枝药对提取物、单味麻黄提取物和单味桂枝提取物中麻黄类生物碱、桂皮醇及桂皮酸的血浆药动学进行比较研究,探讨中药复方配伍对药效成分体内过程的影响。方法实验大鼠分别灌胃麻黄、桂枝及麻黄-桂枝提取物,测定不同时间点大鼠血浆中麻黄类生物碱、桂皮醇和桂皮酸的浓度,采用DAS3.0软件计算药动学参数,SPSS13.0对两组的药动学参数进行统计分析。结果麻黄-桂枝组中去甲基麻黄碱、去甲基伪麻黄碱、麻黄碱、伪麻黄碱和甲基麻黄碱的达峰浓度(C_(max))均明显大于麻黄组(P<0.05);麻黄-桂枝组中去甲基伪麻黄碱的药时曲线下面积(AUC_(0-t))明显大于麻黄组(P<0.05);麻黄-桂枝组中去甲基麻黄碱、麻黄碱、伪麻黄碱和甲基麻黄碱的平均驻留时间(MRT_(0-t))均明显小于麻黄组(P<0.05);麻黄-桂枝组中去甲基麻黄碱、麻黄碱和甲基麻黄碱的半衰期(T_(1/2z))明显小于麻黄组(P<0.05)。麻黄-桂枝组中桂皮醇、桂皮酸的AUC_(0-t)和MRT_(0-t)均明显大于桂枝组(P<0.05)。结论麻黄与桂枝配伍后,增加了5种麻黄生物碱在体内的吸收浓度,延缓了去甲麻黄碱、麻黄碱、伪麻黄碱和甲基麻黄碱在体内的消除,提高了桂皮醇和桂皮酸的生物利用度。     

蜜炙麻黄中盐酸麻黄碱和盐酸伪麻黄碱的含量测定

目的:对蜜炙麻黄饮片进行质量研究,为评价市场麻黄饮片的质量提供依据。方法:进行水分及HPLC法测定样品中盐酸麻黄碱、盐酸伪麻黄碱总含量。结果:麻黄蜜炙后盐酸麻黄碱和盐酸伪麻黄碱总量降低。结论:蜜炙麻黄饮片中盐酸麻黄碱和盐酸伪麻黄碱的总量下限应较生麻黄低。     

中药品质的研究—麻黄

麻黄是中医汤液疗法中重要的生药,主要用于发汗、解热、镇咳、利尿。但是若解析一下中医所用含麻黄处方,可以看出麻黄还有抗炎症作用。过去的研究指出,其主要抗炎活性成份是伪麻黄碱。作为研究麻黄的品质评价的一环,本文作者平行测定了20种麻黄的抗炎活性和伪麻黄碱及麻黄碱含量。实验方法:首先将各种麻黄用甲醇提取,浓缩干燥制成甲醇浸膏后,再分离出生物碱部位,用气相色谱法测定伪麻黄碱及麻     

RP-HPLC测定小儿麻甘冲剂水煎液中麻黄碱和伪麻黄碱的含量

目的:应用RP-HPLC检测了小儿麻甘冲剂水煎液中麻黄碱、伪麻黄碱的含量.方法:样品经超声提取,色谱柱用pherisorb CN,流动相用0.001 mol·L-1二丁胺磷酸水溶液(pH3.5),检测波长214 nm.结果:麻黄碱、伪麻黄碱浓度分别在20.32～325.12 μg·ml-1和6.88～110.0 μg·ml-1范围内线性良好,回收率分别为87.5%～89.8%和88.8%～90.2%.结论:该法可适用于含麻黄制剂中麻黄碱,伪麻黄碱的含量测定.     

哪些人要慎用含“麻”感冒药

正目前,市面上的感冒药种类繁多,大致可分为中成药和西药两大类。这些中成药和西药常含有类似的成分,如中成药中多见麻黄碱,西药中多见伪麻黄碱。我们将这些含有麻黄碱和伪麻黄碱成分的感冒药,统称为含"麻"感冒药。同门"兄弟",作用有异麻黄碱和伪麻黄碱都是中药麻黄的有效成分。麻黄具有辛温解表和宣肺平喘的作用,应用历史悠久,始载于汉代《神农百草经》。现代研究发现,麻黄中的主要有效成分是麻黄碱和伪麻黄碱。麻黄碱和伪麻黄碱互为立体异构     

麻黄中麻黄生物碱的气相色谱测定法

本文应用毛细管气相色谱法,配备氮磷检测器对麻黄中六种生物碱:麻黄碱、伪麻黄碱、去甲麻黄碱、去甲伪麻黄碱、甲基麻黄碱和甲基伪麻黄碱进行分离、测定。对生药样品预处理方法作了较大改进,采用直接碱化醚提法。简化操作步骤。用内标法,线性方程定最测定了国产十二种麻黄,结果与高效液相色谱法基本一致。     

HPLC法测定不同产地麻黄中麻黄碱的含量

目的：建立高效液相色谱法测定不同产地麻黄中麻黄碱的含量方法。方法：高效液相色谱法,色谱柱为IN-ERTSIL ODS-SP柱（4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm）;流动相：乙腈-（0.02 mol/L磷酸二氢钾＋0.02%三乙胺＋0.2%磷酸水溶液）（10∶90）;流速：1 ml/min;检测波长：205 nm。结果：线性范围为0.2～0.8μg（r=0.999 7）,回收率为98.21%,RSD为0.79%;不同产地麻黄中麻黄碱含量差异较大,以山西麻黄含量最高。结论：以HPLC法测定麻黄中麻黄碱的含量,精密度高,操作简便,为选择麻黄道地药材提供可靠依据。     

中药复方气雾剂喘立停中麻黄碱和伪麻黄碱含量及微粒分数的测定

用HPLC法测定中药复方气雾剂喘立停中麻黄碱和伪麻黄碱的含量,双冲程取样器法测定气雾剂中有效成分的微粒分数(FPF)。盐酸麻黄碱和盐酸伪麻黄碱的平均回收率为100.4%和99.60%,RSD为1.47%和0.72%。随处方中乙醇含量的增加或贮存温度的降低,制品FPF减小。     

Concentrations of ephedra alkaloids and caffeine in commercial dietary supplements

Dietary supplements that contain Ma Huang (ephedra alkaloids) and guarana (caffeine) are widely marketed and used in the U.S. for weight loss and athletic performance enhancement, despite a lack of adequate research on the pharmacology of these botanical stimulants. We developed and applied a novel liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) method to quantitate the various ephedra alkaloids found in dietary supplements that contain Ephedra species. The quantities of ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, norephedrine, norpseudoephedrine, methylephedine, methylpseudoephedrine, and caffeine were determined for 35 commercial dietary supplements and compared with the amounts listed on the product labels. The total ephedra alkaloid content ranged from 5.97 mg to 29.3 mg per serving. Two supplement brands did not list the quantity of ephedra alkaloids on the label, and four did not list the amount of caffeine per serving. Of the products tested, 31% contained > 110% of the total ephedra alkaloids listed on the label, and 6% of the supplements contained < 90% of the listed amount. For caffeine, 86% of the product lots that listed the caffeine amount contained less than 90% of the labeled quantity. No products contained > 110% of the declared caffeine content. The total ephedra alkaloid content varied significantly from lot to lot in 5 of 9 products. Three product brands contained proportions of alkaloids that exceeded amounts reported for E. sinica, including one that was 98% ephedrine, one that had 10% norpseudoephedrine, and one that contained an average of 13% methylephedrine. We conclude that product inconsistency is common among some commercially available dietary supplements that contain ephedra alkaloids and caffeine.     

甘草麻黄碱片的质量控制方法研究

目的:建立甘草麻黄碱片的质量控制方法。方法:采用薄层色谱法对甘草麻黄碱片中甘草进行定性鉴别;采用高效液相色谱法测定甘草麻黄碱片中盐酸麻黄碱含量。结果:在薄层色谱中能检测出甘草;盐酸麻黄碱检测浓度在0.502～7.530μg/ml范围内呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9998),平均加样回收率为98.80%(RSD=0.42%)。结论:本方法可用于甘草麻黄碱片的质量控制。     

鼻渊通窍颗粒质量标准的改进

目的：提高鼻渊通窍颗粒检测质量标准：增加两味药的TLC鉴别,主成分麻黄含量测定[以盐酸麻黄碱和盐酸伪麻黄碱总量（C10H25NO·HCl）计]由UV法改为HPLC法。方法：采用薄层色谱法增加对处方中辛夷、丹参的定性鉴别;采用高效液相色谱法测定样品中麻黄的含量,色谱条件为：Lichrospher C18色谱柱（250mm×4．6mm,5μm）;以磷酸二氢钾溶液（取磷酸二氢钾6．8g,加水1000ml溶解后,加三乙胺1．0ml,用磷酸调pH至3．0）-乙腈（96：4）为流动相;检测波长为210nm。结果：薄层色谱法鉴别方法专属性好,阴性对照无干扰;含量测定结果表明,盐酸麻黄碱和盐酸伪麻黄碱分别在3～30μg·ml^-1和1—10μg·ml^-1浓度范围内与其峰面积呈良好的线性关系（r均为0．9998）,平均回收率分别为100．6％和98．7％,RSD分别为1．13％（n=6）和1．05％（n=6）。结论：本方法灵敏、准确、可靠,专属性强、准确度高,可更好地用于鼻渊通窍颗粒的质量控制与检测。     

HPLC法测定葛根汤颗粒中盐酸麻黄碱和盐酸伪麻黄碱的含量

目的建立一种葛根汤颗粒中盐酸麻黄碱和盐酸伪麻黄碱含量的测定方法。方法采用高效液相色谱法,以极性乙醚连接苯基键合硅胶为填充剂,以甲醇-0.092%磷酸溶液(含0.04%三乙胺和0.02%二正丁胺)(1.5∶98.5)为流动相,检测波长为210 nm。结果在该色谱条件下,盐酸麻黄碱、盐酸伪麻黄碱的线性范围分别为:4.08⁸1.6μg·mL-1(r=0.999 9)与4.181.6μg·mL-1(r=0.999 9)与4.1⁸2μg·mL-1(r=0.999 9),平均回收率分别为98.8%、98.5%。结论该方法简单、准确、重现性好,可作为葛根汤颗粒中盐酸麻黄碱和盐酸伪麻黄碱的含量测定方法。     

Effects of harvesting time and processing on the contents of five alkaloids in the herbaceous stems of Ephedra sinica

In the present study, we studied the changes of the contents of alkaloids in the herbaceous stems of Ephedra sinicaduring different harvest periods as well as before and after processing. The alkaloid contents of 39 batches of ephedra herb, prepared slices ephedra and honey-fried ephedra, 24 batches of ephedra herb with different harvesting periods, which were all collected from cultivation base in Inner Mongolia, and 38 batches of prepared slices ephedra purchased from the market were detected by taking norephedrine (NE), norpseudoephedrine (NPE), ephedrine (E), pseudoephedrine (PE) and methylephedrine (ME) as indicators by using HPLC method. The content of total alkaloid in prepared slices ephedra (1.71%–3.14%) was higher than that in ephedra herb (1.20%–2.53%) and honey-fried ephedra (1.52%–2.99%). Contents of different alkaloids in these three types of samples were significantly different. Prepared slices ephedra and honey-fried ephedra showed significant differences in the contents of NE, NPE and ME (P<0.05), and the contents of E were significantly different between ephedra herb and honey-fried ephedra (P<0.05). The total alkaloid content of ephedra herb was the highest in September (3.10%). Alkaloid contents of prepared slices ephedra collected in the market were uneven and 13%–91% lower than those collected from cultivation base. The results provided a basis for the quality evaluation of ephedra herb and its processed products, and had certain guiding significance for the selection of processed ephedra according to different drug purposes in clinical application. It also provided data support for the harvesting time of ephedra herb.     

麻黄属植物化学成分及临床应用的研究进展

目的：阐述麻黄属植物化学成分及临床应用的研究现状,为麻黄的临床应用提供新的思路。方法：查阅麻黄属植物相关研究文献,总结其化学成分及临床应用概况。结果：麻黄中主要的化合物有麻黄碱类、挥发油类、黄酮类、多糖类和少量的有机酸。目前在麻黄属植物麻黄中麻黄碱的应用十分广泛,除以中药配方应用于临床,已有60余种化学药品以盐酸麻黄碱和盐酸伪麻黄碱作为有效成分,主治咳嗽。对其挥发油类、黄酮类的临床应用研究不多。麻黄联合化学药品共同使用,弥补了传统中药配方煎熬过程中有效成分的丢失,可以使治疗效果更明显。麻黄多糖抗炎、镇痛、对免疫的影响作用机制尚不确定,有待进一步研究。结论：麻黄作为传统中药,具有较大的药用价值,将为其临床应用提供新的思路。