丝毛瑞香化学成分研究

 目的研究丝毛瑞香的化学成分。方法利用反复硅胶柱色谱、凝胶柱色谱进行分离,通过波谱解析和理化性质进行化合物结构鉴定。结果分离得到10个苯丙素类化合物,分别鉴定为双白瑞香素(1),瑞香新素(2),5′-去甲氧基瑞香新素(3),(-)-双氢芝麻素(4),丁香树脂酚(5),芥子醛(6),edgeworin(7),edgeworthin(8),(-)-epinortrachelogenin(9)和落叶松脂醇(10)。结论化合物9为首次从瑞香科植物中分离所得,其余均为从该植物中首次分离得到。     

巴东醉鱼草化学成分研究

目的:对巴东醉鱼草地上部分化学成分进行研究.方法:利用硅胶柱色谱、聚酰胺柱色谱进行分离纯化,并运用现代波谱技术进行结构鉴定.结果:从巴东醉鱼草地上部分分离得到11个化合物,分别鉴定为:木犀草素(1),槲皮素(2),槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(3),洋芹素(4),洋芹素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(5),洋芹素-7-O-新橙皮苷(6),金合欢素-7-O-a-L-鼠李糖(1-6)-β-D-葡萄糖苷(7),cmnioside A(8),acetylmartynoside B(9),4"-O-acety-lmartynoside(10),异角胡麻苷(11).结论:所有化合物均为首次从该植物中得到,其中化合物8首次从该属植物中分离得到.     

塔中栽培荒漠肉苁蓉中的木脂素类成分

对新疆塔中栽培荒漠肉苁蓉Cistanche deserticola干燥肉质茎的化学成分进行研究。采用多种色谱技术(正相硅胶、凝胶Sephadex LH-20,MCI,ODS以及半制备高效液相色谱等)进行分离纯化,运用NMR、MS等波谱方法以及结合文献数据对分离得到的化合物进行结构鉴定。结果从塔中栽培荒漠肉苁蓉干燥肉质茎85%乙醇提取物中分离得到11个木脂素类化合物,其结构分别鉴定为:(+)-丁香脂素-4’-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(1),(+)-isoeucommin A(2),(+)-麦奥迪脂素-4’-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3),(+)-松脂素单甲基醚-β-D-葡萄糖苷(4),落叶松脂醇-4’-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(5),落叶松脂醇-4-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(6),conicaoside(7),dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(8),dehydrodiconiferyl alcoholγ’-O-β-D-glucoside(9),橙皮素A(10),阿拉善苷A(11)。其中化合物1,3~7,10,11为首次从该属植物中分离得到,化合物2,8,9为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

小木通的化学成分

目的:系统研究小木通的化学成分.方法:采用硅胶柱色谱、凝胶柱色谱和中低压制备色谱等技术分离小木通的化学成分,利用理化性质和波谱法鉴定其结构.结果:从小木通中分离得到11个化合物,分别鉴定为4,7-二甲氧基-5-甲基-香豆素(1),异松脂素(2),松脂素(3),(+)-2-(3,4 -dimethoxyphenyl)-6-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,7-dioxabicyclo[3,3,0]octane (4),matairesinol (5),落叶松脂素(6),justieiresinol(7),丁香脂素(8),鹅掌楸苷(9),3-甲氧基-对苯二酚-4-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(10),3,5-二甲氧基-对苯二酚-1-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(11).结论:除了化合物9外,其余10个化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

黔产五香血藤化学成分的研究（Ⅱ）

目的:研究黔产五香血藤的化学组成,探究其活性成分。方法:采用硅胶柱色谱、大孔树脂柱色谱、分子筛色谱、重结晶、高效液相色谱纯化等方法,从五香血藤乙醇提取物的石油醚和乙酸乙酯部分分离纯化化合物,并根据其理化性质、核磁共振氢谱、碳谱、及质谱等波谱数据鉴定结构。结果:分离并鉴定了8个化合物,分别为五内酯E甲酯(1),北五味子酸(2),sorghumol(3),黑色五味子单体苷(4),lancilactone C(5),南五味子宁(6),β-谷甾醇(7),(+)-安五脂素(8)。结论:化合物2~5为首次从该植物中分离得到,其中,1,2,3,5为三萜类化合物,4,6,8为木脂素类化合物。     

中药肉桂的化学成分研究

目的:对中药肉桂(Cinmamomum cassia Presl)的化学成分进行研究。方法:采用正、反相硅胶柱色谱、凝胶柱色谱及半制备液相色谱等方法进行分离纯化,利用波谱解析结合理化性质鉴定化合物结构。结果:分别鉴定为1):(-)开环异落叶松脂醇,2):(-)异落叶松脂素,3):Erythro-1-C-syringylglycerol,4):2-甲基-3,5-羟基色酮,5):浙贝素,6):松柏醛,7):肉桂酸。结论:其中1~3为首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物4~5为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

藏药短管兔耳草的化学成分研究

目的:对藏药短管兔耳草的化学成分进行研究。方法:用硅胶柱色谱、聚酰胺柱色谱和半制备HPLC等方法分离纯化化合物,并用波谱学方法进行结构鉴定。结果:从藏药短管兔耳草石油醚提取物和醋酸乙酯提取物中分离得到8个化合物,经鉴定分别为β-谷甾醇(1),琥珀酸(2),木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(3),尿嘧啶(4),芹菜素(5),柯伊利素(6),柯伊利素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(7)和芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(8)。结论:化合物4~8为首次从该植物中分离得到,7和8为首次从该属植物中发现。     

显脉羊蹄甲中查耳酮类化合物

目的:研究民间药用植物显脉羊蹄甲茎中化学成分.方法:用硅胶等色谱技术分离化合物,经理化性质及波谱技术鉴定化合物结构.结果:从显脉羊蹄甲茎醋酸乙酯部位分离鉴定了7个查耳酮类化合物,分别为紫铆花素-4-甲醚(1),异甘草素(2),紫铆花素(3),异甘草素-2'-甲醚(4),2',4'-二羟基查尔酮(5),异甘草素4-甲醚(6),4-羟基-2',4'-二甲氧基查尔酮(7).结论:化合物1,3和7为首次从该属植物中获得,其余化合物均为首次从该植物得到.     

华中五味子果实石油醚部位化学成分的研究

目的:研究华中五味子Schisandra sphenanthera果实的化学成分。方法:采用硅胶柱色谱,凝胶柱色谱,重结晶等方法进行分离纯化,通过化合物的理化性质和波谱数据鉴定化合物的结构。结果:从华中五味子果实的石油醚部位分离得到12个化合物,分别鉴定为(+)-安五脂素(1),五味子甲素(2),interiotherin A(3),五味子酸甲(4),β-谷甾醇(5),五味子酯丁(6),4-羟基苯甲醛(7),6-O-苯甲酰戈米辛O(8),schizandronic acid(9),schisanlactone D(10),schisanlactone B(11),kadsulac-tone A(12)。结论:化合物3,7,10～12为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

红药化学成分的研究

目的:分离鉴定红药干燥茎的化学成分。方法:甲醇提取,硅胶、Sephadex LH-20及ODS柱色谱分离,采用NMR和MS等方法确定化合物的结构。结果:分离鉴定了7个化合物,分别为2-hydroxy-7-methyl-9,10-an-thraquinone(1),2-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone(tectoquinone)(2),乌苏酸(3),香草酸(4),-βsitosteryl-D-glucoside-6’-palmitate(5),β-谷甾醇(6),胡萝卜苷(7)。结论:化合物1,2,3,5为首次从该科植物中得到,化合物4,6为首次从该属植物中得到,化合物7为首次从该植物中得到。     

Effect of feeding Mucuna pruriens on helminth parasite infestation in lambs

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume anecdotally reputed to have anthelmintic properties. This study was conducted to examine the validity of such claims.

Aim of the study

The aim of this study was to determine if ingestion of Mucuna seeds reduces helminth parasite infestation in lambs.

Materials and methods

Thirty-six Dorper × Katahdin ram lambs were assigned to three treatments, a cottonseed meal based control diet, a diet in which Mucuna replaced cottonseed meal and the control diet with levamisole (7.5 mg/kg body weight) administration. All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The 12 lambs in each treatment were assigned randomly to 4 pens, each containing 3 lambs. Lambs were trickle infected three times per week by gavage with infectious Haemonchus contortus larvae (2000 larvae/lamb) for 3 weeks.

Results

Levamisole treatment decreased fecal egg counts by 87% and abomasal worm counts by 83%. Mucuna intake did not statistically affect fecal egg counts or abomasal worm counts, though numerical (P > 0.10) reductions of 7.4% and 18.1%, respectively were evident. Anemia indicators, feed intake, and lamb growth were unaffected by treatment.

Conclusions

Levamisole reduced the Haemonchus parasite burden in lambs significantly but feeding Mucuna reduced the burden by levels unlikely to eliminate the clinical effects of parasitism.     

Investigation of plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts

Aim of the study

To investigate the activities of the 217 plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts.

Materials and methods

Plant extracts were prepared by the method of maceration using solvents of different polarities. The growth inhibition of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain (FcB1) was determined by measuring the radioactivity of the tritiated hypoxanthine incorporated. Activity against Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and Trypanosoma cruzi was measured by the MTT colorimetric assay. The antifungal tests were carried out by using the CLSI method. The active extracts were tested also by cytotoxicity assay using NIH-3T3 cells of mammalian fibroblasts.

Results

Two hundred and seventeen extracts of plants were tested against Plasmodium falciparum. The eleven active extracts, belonging to eight plant species were evaluated against L. (L.) chagasi, Trypanosoma cruzi, yeasts and in NIH-3T3 cells. The results found in these biological models are consistent with the ethnopharmacological data of these plants. The ethyl acetate extract of Diospyros hispida root showed IC₅₀ values of 1 μg/mL against Plasmodium falciparum. This extract demonstrated no toxicity against mammalian cells, resulting in a significant selectivity index (SI) of 435.8. The dichloromethane extract of Calophyllum brasiliense root wood was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 1.95 μg/mL; and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Candida krusei LMGO 174, both with MIC of 7.81 μg/mL. The same extract was also active against Plasmodium falciparum and L. (L.) chagasi with IC₅₀ of 6.7 and 27.6 μg/mL respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of Spiranthera odoratissima leaves was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 31.25 μg/mL, and against Plasmodium falciparum with IC₅₀ of 9.2 μg/mL and Trypanosoma cruzi with IC₅₀ of 56.3 μg/mL.

Conclusion

The active extracts for protozoans and human pathogenic yeasts are considered promising to continue the search for the identification and development of leading compounds.     

α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of selected Philippine plants

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Antidesma bunius Spreng. (Phyllantaceae), Averrhoa bilimbi L. (Oxalidaceae), Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. (Oxalidaceae), Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B. Rob. (Rhizophoraceae), Kyllinga monocephala Rottb. (Cyperaceae), and Rhizophora mucronata Lam. (Rhizophoraceae) are used as remedies to control diabetes. In the present study, these plants were screened for their potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Materials and methods

The 80% aqueous ethanolic extracts were screened for their α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity using yeast alpha glucosidase enzyme.

Results

Except for A. bilimbi with IC₅₀ at 519.86±3.07, all manifested a significant enzyme inhibitory activity. R. mucronata manifested the highest activity with IC₅₀ at 0.08±1.82 μg mL⁻¹, followed by C. tagal with IC₅₀ at 0.85±1.46 μg mL⁻¹ and B. sensitivum with IC₅₀ at 2.24±1.58 μg mL⁻¹.

Conclusion

This is the first report on the α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of the six Philippine plants; thus, partly defining the mechanism on why these medicinal plants possess antidiabetic properties.     

European medicinal polypores – A modern view on traditional uses

Ethnopharmacological relevance

In particular five polypore species, i.e. Laetiporus sulphureus, Fomes fomentarius, Fomitopsis pinicola, Piptoporus betulinus, and Laricifomes officinalis, have been widely used in central European folk medicines for the treatment of various diseases, e.g. dysmenorrhoea, haemorrhoids, bladder disorders, pyretic diseases, treatment of coughs, cancer, and rheumatism. Prehistoric artefacts going back to over 5000 years underline the long tradition of using polypores for various applications ranging from food or tinder material to medicinal–spiritual uses as witnessed by two polypore species found among items of Ötzi, the Iceman. The present paper reviews the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and biological activity of the five mentioned polypores.

Materials and methods

All available information on the selected polypore taxa used in traditional folk medicine was collected through evaluation of literature in libraries and searches in online databases using SciFinder and Web of Knowledge.

Results

Mycochemical studies report the presence of many primary (e.g. polysaccharides) and secondary metabolites (e.g. triterpenes). Crude extracts and isolated compounds show a wide spectrum of biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities.

Conclusions

The investigated polypores possess a longstanding ethnomycological tradition in Europe. Here, we compile biological results which highlight their therapeutic value. Moreover, this work provides a solid base for further investigations on a molecular level, both compound- and target-wise.     

真菌的中药干预研究近5年进展

近年来真菌感染率逐年上升,传统抗真菌药物易产生耐药性,而中药在防治真菌感染方面具有一定的优势。本文就近5年来中药对白念珠菌、皮肤癣菌、曲霉菌、马拉色菌、串珠镰孢菌、申克孢子丝菌、新生隐球菌及真菌生物膜的干预研究进展进行综述。     

厚朴与凹叶厚朴群体遗传学研究

目的:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴的群体遗传学进行研究,为中药厚朴的质量控制提供分子生药学方面的依据。方法:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴15个居群应用2个叶绿体基因间序列psbA-trnH和trnL-trnF进行PCR扩增并测序,计算厚朴与凹叶厚朴单倍型频率,用程序HaploNst分析遗传多样性和遗传结构,应用TCS version 1.13软件构建单倍型网状进化树。结果:厚朴与凹叶厚朴均无特有单倍型存在,但单倍型频率存在显著差异,已开始出现遗传分化的趋势,NST略大于GST。结论:厚朴与凹叶厚朴在遗传上已出现遗传分化的趋势,但尚未完全分化成彼此独立的单系。     

Antiplasmodial activity of extracts from seven medicinal plants used in malaria treatment in Cameroon

Aim of the study

In a search for new plant-derived biologically active compounds against malaria parasites, we have carried out an ethnopharmacological study to evaluate the susceptibility of cultured Plasmodium falciparum to extracts and fractions from seven Cameroonian medicinal plants used in malaria treatment. We have also explored the inhibition of the Plasmodium falciparum cysteine protease Falcipain-2.

Materials and methods

Plant materials were extracted by maceration in organic solvents, and subsequently partitioned or fractionated to afford test fractions. The susceptibility of erythrocytes and the W2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum to plant extracts was evaluated in culture. In addition, the ability of annonaceous extracts to inhibit recombinant cysteine protease Falcipain-2 was also assessed.

Results and discussion

The extracts showed no toxicity against erythrocytes. The majority of plant extracts were highly active against Plasmodium falciparumin vitro, with IC₅₀ values lower than 5 μg/ml. Annonaceous extracts (acetogenin-rich fractions and interface precipitates) exhibited the highest potency. Some of these extracts exhibited modest inhibition of Falcipain-2.

Conclusion

These results support continued investigation of components of traditional medicines as potential new antimalarial agents.     

中国石斛属植物文献计量研究

石斛是珍稀濒危中药材,目前正处于快速发展阶段。为全面了解我国石斛属植物研究的历史和发展现状,作者以1954～2010年"中国知网中国学术期刊网络出版总库"收录的石斛研究文献为依据,采用文献计量学的原理和方法,对我国石斛属植物研究文献从文献年代分布、期刊分布与被引频率、主题分布、研究对象分布、作者与研究机构分布等方面进行了统计与分析。结果表明,我国石斛研究明显分为起步(2个)、停滞、平稳发展、快速上升5个阶段;期刊分布存在离散性与集中性并存的现象,已形成核心期刊研究群,并以《中国中药杂志》、《中草药》和《陕西中医》为代表;研究主题广泛涉及临床与药理、组织培养与种苗繁育、成分分析等多个领域,已经形成比较稳定的研究机构和团队,但研究对象差异显著,以铁皮石斛、金钗石斛和霍山石斛最为集中。我国石斛属植物的研究已取得显著成果,但种植产业发展缓慢,供需矛盾突出,预计种苗繁育与人工种植、产品开发、化学与药理等方面是未来的研究热点,其文献报道仍将进一步上升。     

列当属、肉苁蓉属和草苁蓉属植物传统药物学调查

通过野外资源调查、整理各大标本馆标本原始记录和查阅文献记载等方法,系统整理、总结、归纳了列当属、肉苁蓉属和草苁蓉属民族药用植物种类、功效及民间使用情况,结果表明列当属6种药用植物在4个少数民族间作为7种民族药应用,草苁蓉属2种药用植物在8个少数民族间作为10种民族药应用,肉苁蓉属2种药用植物在3个少数民族间作为3种民族药应用,且同种药用植物常作不同民族药;发现3属植物的传统疗效主要集中在补肾壮阳、止血和止痛3个方面,并且该传统疗效与现代药理研究结果基本吻合。因此深入研究植物种类丰富的列当属植物资源对缓解肉苁蓉植物资源匮乏局面和扩大药源具有积极意义。     

牛耳朵和黄花牛耳朵的显微和化学鉴别

目的:为苦苣苔科唇柱苣苔属植物牛耳朵和黄花牛耳朵的鉴定和分类提供解剖学和化学依据。方法:采用石蜡制片法和水合氯醛透化法对2种药用植物的根状茎和叶横切面和粉末特征进行研究,应用光学显微镜观察显微结构。采用HPLC-UV法进行化学鉴别。结果:牛耳朵和黄花牛耳朵显微特征无明显区别,但是化学特征有明显的差异。结论:化学诞生特征鉴别方法可以作为2种药用植物的鉴定方法。