明党参炮制品对凝血时间、血小板聚集的影响

对明党参炮制品用系统溶剂法提取，观察了明党炮制品的不同提取物体外对家兔凝血时间、凝血酶原时间的影响，应用比浊法测定了对ADP诱导家兔血小板聚集影响，毛细管玻管法测定明党参炮制品对小鼠凝血时间的影响，同时还测定了明党参炮制品对小白鼠出血时间影响。结果表明，明党参炮制品提取物能延长家兔血浆PT，TT时间，延长小白鼠凝血、显著抑制ADP诱导的家兔血小板聚集。     

泽兰水煎剂的抗凝血作用

泽兰水煎剂连续7天灌胃3．9g／kg明显延长小鼠凝血时间；体外实验2．0．6．0，18．Omg／ml明显抑制家兔血小板聚集：连续7天灌胃3，9g/kg明显减轻大鼠动静脉血栓重量；单次灌胃15g／kg可明显延长家兔血浆复钙凝血时间(RT)、凝血酶原时问(PT)、白陶土部分凝血活酶时间(KPTT)及凝血酶时间(TT)．升高血浆抗凝血酶(AT)活性；但对家兔血浆纤维蛋白原含量和优球蛋白溶解时间(ELT)无明显影响；对血管舒缩功能无显著作用。     

紫苏对血小板聚集功能的影响

紫苏水提液100mg/ml在体外可抑制ADP和胶元诱导的血小板聚集,肌注于家兔也能明显抑制ADP所致血小板聚集,对PT、TT及KPTT无明显影响。     

毛冬青皂苷B3的抗血栓作用研究

目的从毛冬青根中分离、鉴定毛冬青皂苷B3,研究其抗血栓作用。方法色谱法、重结晶法分离、精制毛冬青皂苷B3,薄层色谱对照及波谱分析法对毛冬青皂苷B3进行结构鉴定。采用体内血栓形成试验、体外血凝块溶解试验及二磷酸腺苷(ADP)诱导血小板聚集试验,观察毛冬青皂苷B3的抗血栓作用。结果体内抗血栓试验显示,毛冬青皂苷B3对胶原蛋白-肾上腺素诱发的血栓形成所致小鼠的偏瘫和死亡及FeCl3诱导的大鼠腹主动脉血栓形成均有明显的抑制作用;在体外实验中,对家兔血凝块无明显的溶解作用,对ADP诱导的离体家兔血小板聚集也无明显的抑制作用。结论毛冬青皂苷B3可能为毛冬青抗血栓作用的物质基础之一,其体内抗血栓形成的作用可能与其促进血凝块溶解和抗ADP诱导的血小板聚集无关。     

毛冬青总提取物的抗血栓作用及基于ADP的机制研究

目的:研究毛冬青总提取物的抗血栓作用。方法:采用家兔体外血凝块溶解实验,胶原-肾上腺素小鼠血栓实验,角叉菜胶小鼠血栓实验,Fe Cl3大鼠血栓形成实验,观察毛冬青提取物溶解血栓和抗血栓形成的作用。结果:毛冬青总提取物的0.2 mg/m L浓度对体外形成的家兔血凝块有明显的溶解作用;毛冬青总提取物(1、0.5、0.25 g/kg)剂量组均能减少胶原蛋白-肾上腺素诱发血栓形成小鼠的死亡数,增加保护率;能减少角叉菜胶诱导血栓形成小鼠的相对黑尾长度;毛冬青总提取物(195、97.5、48.75 mg/kg)各剂量组均减轻Fe Cl3颈动脉血栓模型大鼠的血栓的重量和内皮受损程度;降低ADP诱导的血小板聚集率;降低FIB的含量及抑制P2Y12受体的表达,对APTT、TT、PT的表达几乎无影响;提高c AMP的表达水平;减少TXB2和P-选择素的含量、不影响6-Keto-PGF1α的表达;并降低血小板胞浆Ca2+平均荧光强度及抑制GPⅡb/Ⅲa的表达。结论:毛冬青总提取物具有一定的抗血栓的作用,能改善血管内皮的受损程度,具有保护血管内皮的作用,并通过影响P2Y12受体αGi亚单位和βγ亚单位功能的表达,降低P2Y12受体的含量,抑制血小板的聚集,最终抑制血栓的形成。     

葡萄籽原花青素对凝血指标和血小板功能的影响

目的：研究葡萄籽原花青素对凝血指标和血小板功能的影响。方法：采用手术结扎法引起大鼠下腔静脉血栓形成,测定血栓重量;用二磷酸腺苷（ADP）、胶原（COL）、花生四烯酸（AA）诱导家兔血小板聚集,测定血小板聚集率;并观察原花青素对家兔激活的部分凝血活酶时间（APIXP）、凝血活酶时间（PT）、凝血酶时间（TT）和纤维蛋白原（FBG）的影响。结果：原花青素能显著抑制大鼠下腔静脉血栓形成,并能明显抑制ADP诱导的家兔血小板聚集,对COL和AA诱导的血小板聚集抑制作用较弱。原花青素对家兔APTF、PT、TT和FBG无显著影响。结论：原花青素具有抑制血栓形成和抗血小板聚集的作用,对凝血指标无明显影响。     

清血通脉颗粒抗凝血作用及对血小板聚集影响的实验研究

目的：研究清血通脉颗粒抗凝血作用及对血小板聚集的影响。方法：大鼠腹主动脉采血,取血浆检测凝血酶原时间（PT）,凝血酶时间（TT）,活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）,血浆纤维蛋白原（Fib）含量;家兔耳中动脉采血,取富血小板血浆（PRP）及穷血小板血浆（PPP）,ADP作为诱导剂,利用血小板聚集凝血因子分析仪,观察2 min、4 min、6 min时血小板聚集功能,记录聚集百分率,计算最大聚集百分率及聚集抑制百分率。结果：清血通脉颗粒明显延长大鼠血浆凝血酶时间、凝血酶原时间、活化部分凝血活酶时间,明显降低大鼠血浆纤维蛋白原含量,显著抑制由二磷酸腺苷引起的家兔血小板聚集。结论：清血通脉颗粒具有抗凝血作用,具有抑制血小板聚集的作用。     

九仙驱红散对新抗凝造型大鼠凝血机制的影响

实验证明九仙驱红散能缩短新抗凝造型大鼠的凝血时间,脾脏外用止血时间,且显著缩短贫血小板血浆中RT,PT,TT,KPTT时间,提高血小板聚集率,提示九仙驱红散可能通过促进凝血酶原、凝血活酶的合成及促进血小板聚集而显示止血作用,作用机制类似维生素K_4。九仙驱红散对血浆纤维蛋白原含量无显著影响。     

益母草及益母草注射液总碱的提取及其对凝血系统的影响

目的:探讨益母草总碱部位和益母草注射液总碱部位对大鼠体外凝血功能和血小板聚集的影响。方法:首先以酸提取大孔树脂纯化制备益母草总碱(YMC-TA)和益母草注射液总碱(YMCJ-AT),采用HPLC法测定其所含水苏碱、葫芦巴碱含量;然后采用全自动血凝仪测定5.419、2.709、1.355 mg/m L的YMC-TA和10.836、5.419、2.709 mg/m L的YMCJ-AT对体外凝血功能(PT、APTT、TT、FBG)影响,25、18.75、14.06 mg/m L的YMC-TA、YMCJ-AT对二磷酸腺苷(ADP)诱导的体外血小板聚集率的影响。结果:YMC-TA和YMCJ-TA中均含有水苏碱和葫芦巴碱,含量分别是23.77%、34.49%;0.13%、0.14%。二者在试验剂量均能明显缩短体外大鼠血浆PT和APTT时间和降低FBG含量,同时延长TT时间;并且都明显降低ADP诱导的体外大鼠血小板最大聚集率,作用强于阿斯匹林。结论:YMC-TA和YMCJ-TA具有抗凝血和抗血小板聚集作用,但对TT呈促进作用,可能是益母草活血调经、益母草注射液缩宫止血作用的机制之一。     

莪术中莪术二酮抗凝血和抗血栓作用的实验研究

目的 研究莪术二酮(Curdione)抗凝血和抗血栓作用,并探讨其可能的作用机制.方法 应用角叉菜胶致小鼠尾血栓形成观察莪术二酮对血栓形成的影响;通过毛细管法观察莪术二酮对小鼠凝血时间(CT)的影响,并应用全自动血凝仪测定大鼠凝血酶原时间(PY)、部分活化凝血活酶时间(APTT)和凝血酶时间(TT);观察其对ADP诱导大鼠血小板聚集的影响;采用酶联免疫吸附测试法( EL,ISA)检测血清一氧化氮(N0)含量和血浆P-选择素(P-selectin)水平,放免法检测血浆血栓素B2( TXB2)和6-酮-前列腺素F1α(6-keto-PGF1α)含量.结果 莪术二酮能抑制体内血栓形成;延长CT、APTY和TT;并能抑制体内ADP诱导血小板聚集;提高NO含量,降低P-selectin水平和TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α比例.结论 莪术二酮具有显著抗凝血和抗血栓形成作用,其作用机制可能与抑制血小板聚集及升高NO含量有关.     

Antithrombotic activity of methanolic extract of Umbilicaria esculenta

Antithrombotic activity of methanolic extract of an edible lichen, Umbilicaria esculenta, was evaluated on platelet aggregation in vitro and pulmonary thrombosis in vivo. The extract showed concentration dependent inhibitory effects on platelet aggregation induced by ADP, with IC(50) value of 2.4 mg/mL. Orally administered extract protected mice against thrombotic death or paralysis induced by collagen and epinephrine in a dose dependent manner. It produced a significant inhibition of thrombotic death or paralysis at over 100 mg/kg body weight, while aspirin produced a significant inhibition of thrombosis at 10-20 mg/kg body weight. Mouse tail bleeding time was significantly prolonged by addition of the extract. On the other hand, the extract did not show any fibrinolytic activity and alter coagulation parameters such as activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT) and thrombin time (TT) in rat platelet. These results suggested that the antithrombotic activity of Umbilicaria esculenta extract might be due to antiplatelet activity rather than anticoagulation activity.     

五叶参抗血栓形成作用的研究

用人血进行体外实验研究证实,五叶参水煮制备液能明显抑制APD、复合诱聚剂诱导的血小板1min、5min、最大聚集率,并促进解聚发生(P均<0.05);该药还对体外血栓形成具有显著的抑制作用(P<0.05);五叶参水煮液与PPP混合后,尚能抑制多种凝血因子活性,使KPTT、PT、TT、AT、RVV-RT、RVV-CT等凝血试验时间延长(P均<0.05);此外,五叶参有加速红细胞电泳速度的作用。上述结果表明,五叶参是一种具有抑制血小板功能、凝血功能及红细胞聚集性等多个环节的抗血栓形成药物,值得进一步研究探讨。     

三黄泻心汤治疗上消化道出血的药效学研究

目的：研究三黄泻心汤(SXT)对凝血系统和胃粘膜损害的影响。方法：以毛细管法和割尾法分别测定SXT对小鼠的凝血和出血时间的影响；以利血平腹腔注射(10mg/kg)造成小鼠胃粘膜损害观察SXT对抗胃粘膜损害的作用；大鼠幽门结扎收集胃液，考察SXT对胃液分泌的影响。体外实验中观察SXT对家兔血浆复钙时间、ADP诱发的血小板聚集和离体胸主动脉条收缩力的影响。结果：SXT可缩短出凝血和血浆复钙时间，促进血小板聚集，增加家兔离体胸主动脉条的收缩力，并具有对抗胃粘膜损伤和降低胃蛋白酶的作用。结论：SXT通过作用于内源性凝血系统，促进血小板聚集和血管收缩表现出明显的促凝血和止血作用，并对不良刺激所致的胃粘膜损伤具有保护作用。     

Iridoid glycosides extracted from Zhizi (Fructus Gardeniae) decrease collagen-induced platelet aggregation and reduce carotid artery thrombosis in an in vivo rat model

Objective

To investigate the anti-platelet aggregation and antithrombotic effects in rats of iridoid glycosides extracted from Zhizi (Fructus Gardeniae).

Methods

The present study evaluated the antithrombotic activity of iridoid glycosides (IGs) in a rat model of carotid artery thrombosis. The effects on coagulation, such as thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT) and prothrombin time (PT), and the effect on collagen-induced platelet aggregation in vivo were investigated. Rats were intragastrically administered IGs (50, 100 or 200 mg/kg) twice daily for 3 days.

Results

IGs were shown for the first time to have an antithrombotic action through the inhibition of platelet aggregation, with little effect on the coagulation time of peripheral blood. Our results also showed that IGs may significantly and dose-dependently reduce arterial thrombus load in a model of carotid artery thrombosis and inhibit collagen-induced platelet aggregation in rats. IGs (100 or 200 mg/kg) had no significant effect on APTT and PT, but did lengthen TT at a higher dose.

Conclusion

These data, together with the previously reported neuroprotective effects of IGs in rats with cerebral ischemia, suggest that the antithrombotic action of IGs may potentially contribute to the treatment of cerebral ischemic diseases, including cerebral apoplexy.     

Antithrombotic Effect of a Polysaccharide Fraction from Laminaria japonica from the South China Sea

Some in vitro studies have identified an antithrombotic effect of polysaccharides from Laminaria japonica, but this activity remains to be confirmed in vivo. In this study a polysaccharide fraction termed PLG was extracted from L. japonica in the Beibu Gulf in Guangxi, China, and its antithrombotic effects explored in rat models of carotid and venous thrombosis. Its anticoagulation and antiplatelet properties were assessed by measuring the prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and ADP‐induced platelet aggregation rate (Agg_max). Its effects on bleeding time were measured using the tail transection method. It was found that pretreatment with an intraperitoneal injection of PLG at 2.5 or 5.0 mg/kg significantly prolonged the occlusion time in the carotid thrombosis model, and a dose of 5.0 mg/kg reduced the thrombus weight in the venous thrombosis model. Pretreatment with PLG (5.0 mg/kg) increased the APTT and decreased the ADP‐induced platelet Agg_max. Neither dose of PLG significantly prolonged the bleeding time compared with the control group. In an in vitro anticoagulation assay using human plasma, PLG at 57.14, 28.57 and 28.57 μg/mL inhibited APTT and PT in a concentration‐dependent manner. The results show that PLG possesses antithrombotic activity in a rat model, and that it may prove to be clinically useful in humans. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

复方丹参注射液抗心肌缺血及活血化瘀作用的实验研究

目的:观察复方丹参注射液的抗心肌缺血及活血化瘀作用。方法:实验分为模型对照组、复方丹参注射液低、中、高剂量组和阳性药物香丹注射液对照组。采用舌静脉注射垂体后叶素制备大鼠急性心肌缺血模型,观察复方丹参注射液对大鼠心电图的影响;通过兔体外血小板聚集实验,观察复方丹参注射液对ADP诱导血小板聚集率的影响;对小鼠连续尾静脉注射给药3天,观察凝血时间变化;对大鼠连续尾静脉注射给药3天,观察血液流变学指标的变化及抗血栓形成作用。结果:复方丹参注射液有较好的对抗垂体后叶素所致心肌缺血心电图改变作用,其作用随剂量的增加而加强;对ADP诱导的兔体外血小板聚集有明显的抑制作用;可明显延长小鼠凝血时间;改善大鼠血液流变学指标的变化,明显抑制大鼠动-静脉旁路血栓形成。结论:复方丹参注射液可通过活血化瘀对抗心肌缺血,是防治心肌缺血性疾病的有效药物。     

当归总苯酞活血化瘀作用的实验研究

目的 观察当归总苯酞在活血化瘀方面的功效.方法 大鼠ig给予当归总苯酞(生药1、2、4g/kg),观察当归总苯酞对大鼠实验性动脉血栓形成及血小板聚集功能的影响;采用高分子右旋糖酐制备高黏血症大鼠模型,观察当归总苯酞对大鼠血液黏度的影响;观察当归总苯酞对大鼠凝血相关指标的影响.结果 当归总苯酞(生药1、2、4 g/kg)能延长大鼠实验性动脉血栓的形成时间(P＜0.05、0.01);降低高分子右旋糖苷所致的高黏血症大鼠全血、血浆、血清黏度(P＜0.05);抑制花生四烯酸(AA)、腺苷二磷酸钠(ADP)、胶原(CG)诱导的血小板聚集功能(P＜0.05、0.01、0.001);明显延长大鼠凝血酶时间(TT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT) (P＜0.05、0.01、0.001).结论 当归总苯酞具有显著的活血化瘀作用,表现为延长实验性动脉血栓的形成时间;改善高黏血症模型大鼠的全血及血浆黏度;抑制血小板聚集功能:影响凝血系统,延长大鼠TT、PT、APTT等指标.     

Antiplatelet and antithrombotic activities of methanol extract of Usnea longissima

The antiplatelet and antithrombotic activities of a methanol extract of a medicinal lichen, Usnea longissima, were investigated on platelet aggregation in vitro and on pulmonary thrombosis in vivo. The extract showed concentration dependent inhibitory effects on ADP-induced platelet aggregation, with an IC50 value of 3.6 mg/mL. Using an in vivo mouse thrombotic model in which mice were challenged with an intravenous injection of collagen and epinephrine mixture, oral administration of the extract prior to the injection produced a significant inhibition of thrombotic death or paralysis at 100-200 mg/kg body weight. Aspirin, a representative antiplatelet drug, produced a significant inhibition of thrombotic death at 10-20 mg/kg body weight. The mouse tail bleeding time was significantly prolonged by the addition of the extract. On the other hand, the extract did not show any fibrinolytic activity or alter the coagulation parameters such as activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT) and thrombin time (TT) in rat platelets in vitro. These results suggested that the antithrombotic activity of U. longissima extract might be due to antiplatelet activity rather than anticoagulant activity.