消化道恶性肿瘤术后早期肠内营养对免疫功能的影响

目的 探讨消化道肿瘤病人术后早期肠内营养对机体免疫功能的影响.方法 51例消化道恶性肿瘤病人随机分为早期肠内营养组(enteral nutrition EN组)与肠外营养(parenteral nutrition PN组),EN组27例,PN组24例.EN组术后24h开始经鼻胃管予以肠内营养液能全力,PN组给予等氮、等热卡的肠外营养,营养支持共7d.两组病人分别术前和术后第1d、第8d检测免疫指标C3、C4、IgA、IgM、IgG和CD3 、CD4 、CD8 及CD4 /CD8 ,并观察有无严重并发症,肠蠕动恢复时间和感染率变化.结果 术后第1天两组病人IgG、IgM、IgA、C3、CD3 、CD4 、CD4 /CD8 比值均较术前有所下降,而术后第8天早期EN组IgG、IgM、IgA、C3、CD3 、CD4 、CD8 、CD4 /CD8 等免疫指标迅速恢复,与PN组比较差异显著(P＜0.05).两组病人在观察期间均无严重并发症,早期EN组病人胃肠功能恢复时间较PN组明显缩短(P＜0.01),早期EN组感染率(12%)较PN组低.结论 消化道恶性肿瘤术后早期肠内营养支持可以恢复和改善病人的免疫功能,并有利于胃肠功能的恢复,降低病人术后感染率.     

肠内营养支持在食管癌围手术期中的应用效果

【摘要】 目的 探析肠内营养支持在食管癌围手术期中的应用效果。方法 选择2017年12月～2018年10月在我院接受手术治疗的84例食管癌患者作为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组各42例。对照组术后行肠外营养支持,观察组术后行肠内营养支持,比较两组患者的营养指标、免疫功能以及术后康复状况。结果 术后第1d,两组患者的转铁蛋白(IF)、血清白蛋白(ALF)、血清总蛋白(TP)以及体质量指数(BMI)比较均无显著性的差异（P＞0.05）;术后第8d,观察组的上述营养指标均显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）,且观察组术后第8d的CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+、IgA、IgM、IgG水平均明显优于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组术后并发症发生率较对照组低,住院时间较对照组明显缩短（P＜0.05）。 结论 对食管癌围手术期患者实施肠内营养支持能够有效改善其营养状况,提高机体免疫力,有利于促进患者术后康复,可在临床推广应用。     

不同营养支持途径对结直肠癌患者术后营养指标的影响

目的 探讨结直肠癌患者术后肠内、肠外营养支持方案对患者营养指标及应激反应的影响,为临床诊治提供参考.方法 选择2013年5月至2015年3月该院收治的结直肠癌患者68例,按照数字表法随机分为对照组与观察组,每组34例.对照组实施肠外营养支持,观察组实施肠内营养支持.比较两组患者体质量指数(BMI)、肌肉群(LBM)等一般指标,术前及术后IgA、IgG、IgM等免疫学指标,转铁蛋白(TRF)等营养学指标,以及C-反应蛋白(CRP)等应激指标.结果 观察组术后体质量(BM)、BMI、LBM分别为(59.11±5.67)kg、(20.44±4.55)kg/m2、47.23±5.31,均明显优于对照组(P＜0.05);术后8d观察组IgA、IgG、IgM、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+均优于对照组(P＜0.05);观察组术后8 d TRF、血清清蛋白(ALB)、前清蛋白(PAB)分别为(2.98±0.44) mg/L、(39.02±4.22)g/L、(332.33±21.27)mg/L,均优于对照组(P＜0.05);观察组术后8 d CRP为(7.31±2.11)mg/L,低于对照组(P＜0.05);两组患者C3、C4比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 早期肠内营养支持有利于改善结直肠癌患者术后免疫功能,降低炎症反应.     

含强化精氨酸的肠内营养支持辅助治疗高脂血症性急性胰腺炎的临床疗效

目的 观察含强化精氨酸的肠内营养支持辅助治疗高脂血症性急性胰腺炎(HAP)的临床疗效.方法 将70例HAP患者随机分为观察组和对照组各35例,两组均给予急性胰腺炎规范化治疗,同时对照组给予肠外营养支持,观察组先给予肠外营养支持,后经空肠营养管给予含强化精氨酸的肠内营养支持.观察两组患者腹部体征缓解所需时间和血、尿淀粉酶恢复正常所需时间;比较两组患者治疗前及治疗14 d后营养指标、体液免疫指标、细胞免疫指标和炎症反应指标水平.结果 观察组腹痛、腹胀缓解所需时间及血、尿淀粉酶恢复正常所需时间均短于对照组(P＜0.05).治疗14 d后,两组血清白蛋白、前白蛋白、IgA、IgG、IgM、淋巴细胞总数、CD3、CD4水平均较前升高(P＜0.05),且观察组以上指标均高于对照组(P＜0.05);两组C反应蛋白、肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素-6水平均较前下降(P＜0.05),且观察组以上指标均低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 含强化精氨酸的肠内营养支持辅助治疗HAP能更加有效地缓解患者临床症状、改善营养状况及免疫功能、降低患者急性反应期炎症反应,预后和提高临床疗效更佳.     

老年食管癌患者术后肠内外混合营养支持临床疗效研究

目的 探讨老年食管癌患者术后肠内外混合营养的临床有效性.方法 将167例老年食管癌患者随机分为肠内外混合营养组（85例）和全肠内营养组（82例）,比较两组患者术后基本营养状态、免疫学指标变化程度及各种不良反应的发生率.结果 营养支持1周后,肠内外混合营养组血浆总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白和免疫指标（IgG、IgA、IgM）均较全肠内营养组显著改善（P＜0.05）;肠内外混合营养组腹部并发症、术后睡眠障碍及电解质紊乱等发生率也低于全肠内营养组（P＜0.05）.结论 肠内外混合营养是老年食管癌患者术后更为理想的营养支持方法.     

个体化肠内外营养治疗对食管癌患者术后康复的影响

目的 探讨个体化肠内外营养治疗对食管癌患者术后免疫功能、营养状况以及炎性反应的影响。方法 选取2010年1月-2014年9月在四川省人民医院接受手术治疗的食管癌患者90例,采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组,各45例。对照组患者术后第1天接受单纯肠内营养治疗;观察组患者术后第1天接受个体化肠内外营养治疗,能量供给肠内∶肠外=6∶4。观察两组患者术后首次排气时间和住院天数;术前、术后10 d体液免疫指标：IgA、IgM、IgG;细胞免疫指标：CD+3T细胞、CD+4T细胞与CD+4/CD+8;营养指标：淋巴细胞、前清蛋白以及清蛋白;炎性反应：前列腺素E2（PGE2）和超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）。结果 观察组首次排气时间和住院天数均短于对照组（P＜0.01）。手术前,两组患者IgA、IgM、IgG、CD+3T、CD+4T、CD+4/CD+8、淋巴细胞、前清蛋白、清蛋白、PGE2和hs-CRP比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;术后10 d,观察组IgA、IgM、IgG、CD+3T、CD+4T、CD+4/CD+8、淋巴细胞、前清蛋白均高于对照组（P＜0.01）,PGE2和hs-CRP均低于对照组（P＜0.01）。结论 个体化肠内外营养治疗对食管癌患者术后的康复具有显著效果,能够改善患者的营养状况,提高免疫功能,减轻炎性反应。     

早期参麦注射液联合肠内营养在消化道开腹手术患者中的临床价值

目的 本研究旨在探讨早期参麦注射液联合肠内营养对消化道开腹手术患者术后肠道功能和免疫功能的影响。 方法 前瞻性收集2011年1月—2015年6月临海市第一人民医院收治的消化道腹部手术患者120例,将患者随机分为观察组和对照组。观察组术后给予参麦注射液和肠内营养。对照组术后给予肠外营养。主要观察指标是免疫球蛋白A (IgA)、免疫球蛋白G (IgG)、免疫球蛋白M (IgM)和白蛋白。次要观察指标是术后并发症:消化道瘘、恶心、呕吐、腹泻、发热、腹痛和肛门排气时间。 结果 2组患者入院时性别、年龄、BMI、原发病部位、术前及术后1 d的IgA、IgG、IgM和白蛋白等差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。但与对照组比较,观察组术后8 d时IgA、IgG、IgM和白蛋白均显著增高,差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.001);观察组患者术后腹泻发生率显著降低(11.67% vs.25.00%,P=0.037);肛门排气时间显著缩短[(1.42±0.50) d vs.(2.03±0.80) d,P＜0.001]。2组患者术后消化道瘘、恶心、呕吐、发热和腹痛等发生率差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05)。 结论 早期参麦注射液联合肠内营养显著改善了开腹手术患者术后肠道功能和免疫功能。      

腹部手术后患者早期肠内营养支持治疗效果观察

目的 探讨腹部手术后患者早期肠内营养(EEN)支持治疗的可行性.方法 将40例中等腹部手术后患者,随机分成EEN组和肠外营养(TPN)组,自术后第2天起分别给予肠内和肠外营养支持治疗,观察并比较两组患者营养支持治疗前后血清营养指标及术后的消化道症状、肠功能恢复情况、术后感染性并发症的发生情况、营养药物费用、术后住院时间.结果 两组患者的营养指标均较营养支持治疗前明显上升(均P＜0.05),而两组之间的差异无统计学意义(P ＞0.05);EEN组肛门恢复排气和排便时间较TPN组缩短(均P＜0.01),营养药物费用及术后住院时间亦少于TPN组(均P＜0.01),两组感染性并发症发生率的差异无统计学意义(P ＞0.05).结论 腹部手术后进行EEN可显著改善患者的营养状况,促进肠功能恢复,并能节省医药费用,缩短术后住院时间.     

不放置胃管对腹腔镜手术结直肠癌患者术后恢复的影响

目的探讨不放置胃管对腹腔镜手术结直肠癌患者术后恢复的影响。方法选择行腹腔镜下结直肠癌手术的203例患者为对象,分为观察组（不放置胃管）99例和对照组（常规放置胃管）104例,比较两组患者术后一般情况、免疫球蛋白水平、C反应蛋白（CRP）水平及并发症发生率。结果观察组术前不适感、恶心、呕吐、濒死感等发生率均明显低于对照组（均P＜0.05）,术后首次发生肠鸣音、排气及排便时间均比对照组短（均P＜0.05）,且住院费用明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）。术前两组患者CRP水平比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;术后1~4d,观察组CRP水平均明显高于术前（均P＜0.05）,其中术后2、3d观察组CRP水平均明显低于对照组（均P＜0.05）。术前两组患者免疫球蛋白A（IgA）、免疫球蛋白M（IgM）和免疫球蛋白G（IgG）水平比较,差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）;术后8d观察组IgA、IgM和IgG水平均高于对照组,其中两组IgM、IgG水平比较差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）,IgA水平比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。观察组失眠发生率低于对照组（P＜0.05）,而两组恶心、呕吐、切口感染、肺炎、菌血症等并发症发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。结论不放置胃管可促进腹腔镜下结直肠癌术后恢复;为避免肺炎发生,建议术前评估患者年龄、胃食管反流等情况后考虑是否放置胃管。     

免疫增强型肠内营养对胃肠道恶性肿瘤术后免疫功能的作用

目的 研究免疫增强型肠内营养对胃肠道恶性肿瘤术后免疫功能的影响.方法 选择胃肠道恶性肿瘤限期手术病人40例,随机分为使用免疫增强型肠内营养制剂的试验组和使用常规型肠内营养制剂的对照组,两组均于术后第一天起自营养管给予等热量、等氮量的肠内营养制剂,共7天.干术前、术后1、9天检测外周血T淋巴细胞亚群(CD3、CD4、CD8,CD4/CD8);血清免疫球蛋白A、G、M(IgA、IgM、IgG)的浓度,并观察肠内营养副反应及疾病预后.结果 两组病人术后第1天所有指标均下降,术后第9天又明显回升,两组比较(除IgM和CD8以外)差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05),试验组术后并发症发生率高于对照组,两组比较差异有显著意义(P＜0.05).结论 胃肠道恶性肿瘤患者术后早期给予免疫增强型肠内营养支持,可促进患者免疫功能恢复,有效改善疾病预后.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.