孕妇血浆胎儿DNA定量分析在产前性别诊断中的应用

目的 探索一种早期、快速、非创伤性的围生期胎儿性别的诊断方法。方法 应用即时定量TagMan探针DNA扩增技术，检测6l例妊娠8～39周的正常孕妇游离在血浆内的无细胞胎儿DNA的SRY基因，并有针对性的对部分孕妇检测妊娠过程中及产后母体血浆中代表母体与胎儿DNA总和的β-珠蛋白基因和代表胎儿DNA的SRY基因的变化关系。结果 妊娠第8周可在母体外周血浆中检测出胎儿游离DNA，其数量随妊娠时间增加而增高；30例孕妇血浆中游离DNA检则SRY基因阳性，经证实均为男性胎儿，31例SRY基因阴性，经证实均为女性胎儿，符合率为100％，分娩6个月后，SRY基因基本从母体血浆中消失。结论即时定量TagMan探针DNA扩增技术，检测游离在孕妇血浆内的无细胞胎儿DNA，能早期鉴别胎儿性别，为早期诊断某些选择性遗传性疾病开拓了一条新的途径。     

孕妇外周血中胎儿SRY基因的检测及其意义

目的:建立一种检测孕妇外周血中胎儿细胞DNA的方法。方法:采用套式PCR技术,对51例孕妇外周血中SRY基因进行检测。结果:51例中,怀男胎的妇女25例,其中早孕17例,中孕8例,分别对其外周血进行SRY检测,早孕妇女阳性者占8例,中孕阳性者占7例,另对26例怀女胎的孕妇外周血行SRY检测,均阴性,与胎儿实际性别比较,本方法对胎儿性别鉴定的准确率分别为71.9％(23/32),94.7％(18/19)。结论:套式PCR方法,直接从母血中检测SRY基因,这对于无损伤性产前性别鉴定及性连锁遗传病的检出具有重要意义。     

小片段游离胎儿DNA检测Y染色体性别决定区的临床意义

目的研究从早孕妇女外周血中提取小片段游离胎儿DNA检测胎儿Y染色体性别决定区（SRY）的方法,提高PCR检测的特异性和敏感性,评估利用小片段游离胎儿DNA对性连锁遗传病进行无创性产前诊断可行性。方法收集80例孕妇外周血,提取游离的胎儿DNA和提纯小片段游离胎儿DNA,PCR检测SRY基因。结果80例受试者中2种样本敏感性和特异性比较差异有统计学意义。结论可利用孕妇外周血中小片段游离胎儿DNA检测胎儿Y染色体性别决定区,敏感性和特异性优于总游离DNA,可用于孕早期性连锁遗传疾病和单基因突变疾病产前诊断。     

微乳液多重PCR基因芯片法在早孕期无创性胎儿性别诊断中的应用

目的 探讨微乳液多重PCR基因芯片法在早孕期无创性胎儿性别诊断中的应用价值。方法 收集138例4—12孕周孕妇的外周血液样品，提取血浆DNA。选取胎儿DNAY染色体上的6个特异性序列SRY1、SRY2、SRY3、DYS1、DYS14和DYZ3基因作为男性胎儿标志物，采用微乳液PCR进行扩增，同时标记荧光，以β-globin基因作为阳性内对照。扩增产物与固定在基因芯片上的探针分子杂交，采用ScanArray 5000扫描仪扫描芯片。检测结果与胎儿出生性别进行比较。结果 最早的检出样品来自孕31d的孕妇，在78份男性胎儿孕育者血样中，有76份样本6个Y染色体特异序列均为阳性；60份女性胎儿孕育者血样中没有一个Y染色体特异序列阳性。微乳液多重PCR基因芯片法对男性胎儿早孕期检测的灵敏度达到97．4％，特异度达到100％。结论 微乳液多重PCR基因芯片法检测孕妇外周血中男性胎儿DNA的方法具有较高的灵敏度和特异度，能够早期鉴定胎儿性别，对性连锁遗传病的筛选具有潜在的应用价值。     

实时PCR和cycling probe技术检测母血浆游离胎儿DNA筛选重型β地中海贫血胎儿

目的 通过检测孕妇外周血中的游离胎儿DNA来筛选重型β-地中海贫血胎儿.方法 选择行产前基因诊断的夫妇6对,孕妇孕周23～26周.血液学检查:胎儿的父亲均为β-地中海贫血17M/N型,孕妇本人为携带除17M/N型之外的另一β-地中海贫血突变类型.针对CD17(A→T)无义突变,设计β-珠蛋白肽链上该等位基因的一对特异性引物和通过cycling probe法分别设计检测正常基因序列和基因突变位点的两条荧光探针,分别用FAM和HEX荧光标记.结合RT-PCR技术检测孕妇外周血中游离胎儿DNA,诊断胎儿是否遗传了其父亲的β地中海贫血17M/N碱基突变位点.同时与脐血血液学检查所诊断的胎儿地贫基因型对照.结果 提取的6例孕妇血浆DNA模板中有3例同时显示FAM和HEX荧光信号值阳性结果,即这3例孕妇的胎儿遗传了父亲β-珠蛋白肽链上CD17位点的突变碱基(A→T).另外3例孕妇血浆DNA模板的FAM信号值阳性,HEX信号值阴性,即所孕胎儿没有遗传父亲的CD17位点的突变碱基.结论 利用RT-PCR和cycling probe技术检测孕妇外周血中的游离胎儿DNA可用来筛选患重型地中海贫血的胎儿.     

孕妇外周血血浆胎儿DNA的检测

目的：建立可靠有效的检测孕妇血浆胎儿DNA的方法,探讨其在非创伤性产前诊断中的价值。方法：采用引物引伸预扩增（PEP）法及巢式PCR技术对65例孕妇外周血血浆DNA进行正常男性SRY基因检测。结果：单用巢式PCR技术和联合应用PEP,PCR技术对怀男胎的孕妇血中SRY基因检出率分别为65．2％（30／46）和89．1％（41／46）,两组差异有极显著性,对怀女胎孕妇血中SRY基因的未检出率为78．9％（15／19）和94．7％（18／19）,两组差异无显著性。结论：应用PEP法可对胎儿DNA进行全基因组扩增使DNA模板量增加,并使继后的PCR技术检测SRY基因的敏感性明显提高,PEP法是解决母血中胎儿细胞数量太少的途径之一,孕妇血浆中胎儿DNA可成为非创伤性产前诊断的胎儿物质来源。     

孕妇血浆中胎儿DNA的SRY基因检测

目的:探索一种孕期、快速、非创伤性的胎儿性别的产前诊断方法.方法:应用DNA-PCR扩增技术,检测妊娠5～40周的正常孕妇游离在血浆内的无细胞胎儿DNA的SRY基因.结果:90例孕妇血浆中游离DNA检则SRY基因阳性结果32例,其中早孕11例,中孕9例,晚孕12例.最后经绒毛、羊水、脐带血和出生胎儿证实均为男性胎儿,符合率为100%.结论:PCR扩增技术,检测游离在孕妇血浆内的无细胞胎儿DNA能在孕期鉴别胎儿性别,尤其是对早期某些选择性遗传性疾病的非创伤性产前诊断意义重大.     

应用探针微孔板杂交技术检测孕妇血浆中胎儿DNA的研究

寻找一种检测孕妇血浆中胎儿DNA新方法.采用SRY探针微孔板杂交法,通过PCR产物与SRY探针杂交,然后通过辣根过氧化物酶标记的抗生物素进行酶联显色,读取光密度值.结果发现探针微孔板杂交检测法的灵敏性和特异性均高于电泳检测方法.提示探针微孔板杂交检测技术的灵敏性和特异性较高,更适用于临床应用.     

从孕妇外周血中捕获胎儿遗传信息的方法学探讨

目的:探讨从孕妇外周血细胞中检测胎儿基因组和血浆中捕获胎儿游离核酸方法的实用性。DNA方法:在基SRY因高保守区设计两对性别特异性引物,利用巢式聚合酶链反应分别对例孕妇外周血胎儿基因组和血浆中游(nest-PCR)50DNA离核酸进行特异性扩增,聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析,测序验证扩增产物的准确性。(PAGE)DNA结果:名孕妇中名分娩男5028婴,名分娩女婴。基因片段阳性检出率:基因组为();游离核酸组为()。名分娩女婴者除例22SRY75!/2832%9/28221基因组检测结果阳性外,其余均为阴性结果。本研究检测系统灵敏度为52.8pg/μ。l结论:孕妇外周血中胎儿基因组和游DNA核酸检测可作为产前基因诊断的途径,两者联合应用有助于提高胎儿遗传信息的检出率。     

母血浆胎儿游离DNA检测SRY基因

【目的】建立一种比较稳定可靠的无创性获取胎儿遗传物质的方法。【方法】从孕妇外周血血浆中提取胎儿游离DNA,以Y染色体上的SRY区域为靶序列进行扩增,扩增产物经DNA测序进行确认,由此来确定我们获得的胎儿DNA。【结果】我们利用获取胎儿游离DNA的方法对16例孕妇进行检测,10例获得了成功,除1例未随访到结果之外,其他9例的随访结果和我们实验判断结果一致。【结论】我们初步建立的这种获得胎儿游离DNA的方法具有可靠性,胎儿游离DNA可以用于性连锁遗传病和单基因疾病的产前诊断。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.