人工肛门括约肌经皮能量传输系统研究

针对现有人工肛门括约肌系统无供能装置或供能装置更换可能引发感染等问题,本文提出了电磁谐振耦合的无线供能方法,对人工肛门括约肌系统进行非接触的经皮无线供能.本文在对能量传输电路、发送接收线圈参数研究基础上,提出通过选择SRC电路作为发射、接收端耦合电路以增大铁芯耦合面积,从而提高发射及接收线圈Q值,进而提高能量传输效率.实验结果表明,使用G25磁芯线圈进行电磁耦合,当两线圈轴向距离为10mm时,能量传输效率可高于60%,可保证人工肛门括约肌系统的正常工作.     

胶囊内窥镜能量发射装置的设计及实现

体外能量发射装置是胶囊内窥镜无线供能系统中很重要的一部分。为了使胶囊内窥镜获得较稳定能量,同时研究传输效率和人体安全性与谐振频率的关系,设计了一种可在人体消化道区域内产生均匀交变电磁场、谐振频率在10—400kHz范围内调节的体外能量发射装置。根据无线供能系统的要求设计了该装置的发射线圈、驱动电路,并实际搭建了整个装置。实际使用验证了该能量发射装置设计的可行性,并取得了较好的效果。     

磁耦合谐振无线能量传输系统头部植入线圈对人体头部电磁辐射影响的研究

磁耦合谐振无线能量传输(Witricity)是一种新的无线能量传输技术,利用电磁耦合谐振原理实现中距离的电能无线传输,可定向传输能量,并且不受中间障碍物的影响,在体内植入器件领域具有很好的应用前景。本研究设计制作了一种适用于植入器件的小尺寸无线能量传输系统,通过MIMICS及HFSS软件分别建立人体头部三维数值模型以及体内植入线圈模型,应用时域有限差分(FDTD)方法,通过XFDTD软件计算头部比吸收率(SAR)及电场磁场强度。结果表明,应用Witricity技术对头部植入器件进行能量传输,人体头部10 gSAR平均值为9.262 7×10-6W/kg,电场磁场强度均方根最大值分别为4.64 V/m和0.057 A/m,均低于国际非电离辐射防护委员会(ICNIRP)制定的安全限值标准。     

基于新型微泵的人造肛门括约肌系统

人造肛门括约肌系统可以模拟人体正常肛门括约肌的工作,解决肛门失禁问题,缓解直肠切除病人的生活和心理压力.研究了人造肛门括约肌系统中的核心装置,提出了一种基于螺母丝杆结构的新型微泵,根据微泵的功率要求设计了无线能量传输模块,并进行了样机实验.测试结果表明该泵可以满足人造肛门括约肌系统的基本功能,该系统可以有效地控制肛门失禁问题.     

基于电磁感应的消化道内微系统无线能量传输问题研究

针对消化道内微小系统,提出一种基于电磁耦合的无线能量传输方案.通过计算线圈间的互感,分析了相对位置对耦合系数的影响.建立了能量传输模型,推导出弱耦合情况下接收功率最大化的条件,指出提高传输效率的两种方法.实验传输功率超过200 mW(接收线圈位于发射线圈中心),验证了这种方案的可行性.     

微型诊疗系统无线供能技术及其生物电磁效应研究

目的 针对人体肠道内微型诊疗系统能量供应问题,研究了一种基于电磁耦合的无线能量传输系统,并对其产生的生物电磁效应进行分析.方法 围绕在人体腹部的发射线圈产生的交变磁场,体内微小线圈产生感应电动势为肠内诊疗系统提供电能.为了研究电磁场在人体组织产生的生物效应,本文首先采用图像分割技术对人体横断面图像进行组织识别,建立了包含56种组织的高精度三维真实人体数字化模型,然后通过数值计算的方法研究了能量传输系统的生物电磁效应.结果 获得电流密度、比吸收率、磁场强度在人体的分布,以及不同频率下全身平均比吸收率.结论 生物电磁效应的研究为无线供能技术在人体肠道诊疗系统的应用奠定了生物安全性基础.     

人体消化道内微机电系统线圈耦合系数分析

在人体消化道微机电系统无线能量传输系统中,线圈间的耦合程度是影响传输效率的关键因素之一.本文对空间任意位置的两个线圈建立耦合模型,提出了一种计算线圈耦合系数的方法,分析了轴向偏移、径向偏移、角度偏移对耦合程度的影响,与实验结果吻合较好.最后利用这种方法,比较分析了能量传输系统中发射线圈的两种布置方式.     

One implantable three-lead ECG radio telemetry system based on wireless power transmission technology

目的 为全方位监测心电信号并弥补单一导联心电检测的不足,设计并实现了一种基于无线能量传输技术的植入式三路心电遥测系统.方法 系统由无线能量传输设备供能,植入式微型电子胶囊检测心电信号,数据记录仪无线接收数据并由数据处理软件处理.直流供电下分别采用模拟心电信号、正弦信号、方波信号通过模拟实验验证了系统的性能.无线供能下信号线屏蔽后并埋在猪肉中进行体外实验.结果 模拟实验胶囊能够采集三种信号,体外实验测得有噪声的信号波形.结论 直流供电下胶囊正常工作,无线供能下猪肉对磁场有一定程度的屏蔽作用.     

无线供能系统接收装置的结构设计

目的 无线供能系统的接收装置囿于尺寸限制难以满足越来越高的能量要求,提高空间利用率是解决这一难题的关键.方法 从接收装置的姿态稳定性和体内温升安全性角度出发,通过实验方法确定接收装置磁芯的较优形状,并在给定尺寸约束下根据几何关系建立方程解出磁芯尺寸与导线股数和匝数,从而实现接收装置的结构优化.应用该方法对肠道机器人无线供能模块的能量接收装置进行了设计和实验.结果 在外形≤φ10 mm×10 mm的约束下,接收装置输出功率可以保证在500 mW以上,并且符合温升安全性要求.结论 实验结果表明了这种带约束的对称性设计方法的有效性.     

基于无线能量传输技术的植入式三路心电遥测系统

目的 为全方位监测心电信号并弥补单一导联心电检测的不足,设计并实现了一种基于无线能量传输技术的植入式三路心电遥测系统.方法 系统由无线能量传输设备供能,植入式微型电子胶囊检测心电信号,数据记录仪无线接收数据并由数据处理软件处理.直流供电下分别采用模拟心电信号、正弦信号、方波信号通过模拟实验验证了系统的性能.无线供能下信号线屏蔽后并埋在猪肉中进行体外实验.结果 模拟实验胶囊能够采集三种信号,体外实验测得有噪声的信号波形.结论 直流供电下胶囊正常工作,无线供能下猪肉对磁场有一定程度的屏蔽作用.     

Making sense of artificial hands

A review of sensors for artificial hands is presented in terms of their range, specifications and characteristics. There is a growing need for sensors due to the development of prosthetic hands that have multiple degrees of freedom requiring finger coordination into different postures. The sensing of force, position (angle), object-slip and temperature allows for the control of these hands automatically and frees the user from cognitive burden. To make the best possible use of individual sensing elements, future controllers will need to combine data from different types of sensor. They may also have an integral power supply using a small battery or harvest energy from their environment and transmit data wirelessly.     

冲击波胆道结石爆破仪的研制及初步应用

本文根据冲击波的原理设计了一种用于胆结石手术的仪器,利用该仪器对三种不同的人体结石进行了实验研究,取得了一些有价值的数据,确定了用于临床的阈值,并在此基础上进行了初步的临床应用,获得了理想的碎石效果。     

Ultra sensitive affinity chromatography on avidin-functionalized PMMA microchip for low abundant post-translational modified protein enrichment

Post-translational modifications (PTM) of proteins play essential roles in cellular physiology and disease. The identification of protein substrates and detection of modification site helps understand PTM-mediated regulation in essential biological pathways and functions in various diseases. However, PTM proteins are typically present only at trace levels, making them difficult to identify in mass spectrometry based proteomics. In this paper, we report a novel and sensitive affinity chromatography on the avidin-functionalized poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) microchip for enrichment of nanogram (ng) amount of PTMs. The chemical modification of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) surfaces yield avidin-terminated PMMA surfaces after UV radiation and consecutive EDC mediated coupling (amide reaction). This functionalized PMMA micro-device was developed to identify and specifically trap biotinylated PTM proteins of low abundance from complex protein mixture. Here we selected carbonylated protein as a representative PTM to illustrate the wide application of this affinity microchip for any PTMs converted into a tractable tag after derivatization. The surface topography, surface functional group mapping and elemental composition changes after each modification step of the treatment process were systematically measured qualitatively and quantitatively by atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and fluorescence microscopy. Quantitative study of biotinlated carbonylated protein capture recovery and elution efficiency of the device was also studied. We also envision that this subproteome enrichment micro-device can be assembled with other lab-on-a-chip components for follow-up protein analysis.     

Numerical modelling of thermal effects in rats due to high-field magnetic resonance imaging (0.5-1 GHZ)

A finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) thermal model has been developed to compute the temperature elevation in the Sprague Dawley rat due to electromagnetic energy deposition in high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The field strengths examined ranged from 11.75-23.5 T (corresponding to 1H resonances of 0.5-1 GHz) and an N-stub birdcage resonator was used to both transmit radio-frequency energy and receive the MRI signals. With an in-plane resolution of 1.95 mm, the inhomogeneous rat phantom forms a segmented model of 12 different tissue types, each having its electrical and thermal parameters assigned. The steady-state temperature distribution was calculated using a Pennes 'bioheat' approach. The numerical algorithm used to calculate the induced temperature distribution has been successfully validated against analytical solutions in the form of simplified spherical models with electrical and thermal properties of rat muscle. As well as assisting with the design of MRI experiments and apparatus, the numerical procedures developed in this study could help in future research and design of tumour-treating hyperthermia applicators to be used on rats in vivo.     

Wireless microstimulators for neural prosthetics

One of the roadblocks in the field of neural prosthetics is the lack of microelectronic devices for neural stimulation that can last a lifetime in the central nervous system. Wireless multi-electrode arrays are being developed to improve the longevity of implants by eliminating the wire interconnects as well as the chronic tissue reactions due to the tethering forces generated by these wires. An area of research that has not been sufficiently investigated is a simple single-channel passive microstimulator that can collect the stimulus energy that is transmitted wirelessly through the tissue and immediately convert it into the stimulus pulse. For example, many neural prosthetic approaches to intraspinal microstimulation require only a few channels of stimulation. Wired spinal cord implants are not practical for human subjects because of the extensive flexions and rotations that the spinal cord experiences. Thus, intraspinal microstimulation may be a pioneering application that can benefit from submillimeter-size floating stimulators. Possible means of energizing such a floating microstimulator, such as optical, acoustic, and electromagnetic waves, are discussed.     

Radio telemetry devices to monitor breathing in non-sedated animals

Radio telemetry equipment has significantly improved over the last 10-15 years and is increasingly being used in research for monitoring a variety of physiological parameters in non-sedated animals. The aim of this review is to provide an update on the current state of development of radio telemetry for recording respiration. Our literature review found only rare reports of respiratory studies via radio telemetry. Much of this article will hence report our experience with our custom-built radio telemetry devices designed for recording respiratory signals, together with numerous other physiological signals in lambs. Our current radio telemetry system allows to record 24 simultaneous signals 24h/day for several days. To our knowledge, this is the highest number of physiological signals, which can be recorded wirelessly. Our devices have been invaluable for studying respiration in our ovine models of preterm birth, reflux laryngitis, postnatal exposure to cigarette smoke, respiratory syncytial virus infection and nasal ventilation, all of which are relevant to neonatal respiratory problems.     

An Earthworm-Like Robotic Endoscope System for Human Intestine: Design,Analysis, and Experiment

The existing endoscope brings too much discomfort to patients because its slim and rigid rod is difficult to pass through α, γ loop of the human intestine. A robotic endoscope, as a novel solution, is expected to replace the current endoscope in clinic. A microrobotic endoscope based on wireless power supply was developed in this paper. This robot is mainly composed of a locomotion mechanism, a wireless power supply subsystem, and a communication subsystem. The locomotion mechanism is composed of three liner-driving cells connected with each other through a two-freedom universal joint. The wireless power supply subsystem is composed of a resonance transmit coil to transmit an alternating magnetic field, and a secondary coil to receive the power. Wireless communication system could transmit the image to the monitor, or send the control commands to the robot. The whole robot was packaged in the waterproof bellows. Activating the three driving cells under some rhythm, the robot could creep forward or backward as a worm. A mathematic model is built to express the energy coupling efficiency. Some experiments are performed to test the efficiency and the capability of energy transferring. The results show the wireless energy supply has enough power capacity. The velocity and the navigation ability in a pig intestine were measured in in vitro experiments. The results demonstrated this robot can navigate the intestine easily. In general, the wireless power supply and the wireless communication remove the need of a connecting wire and improve the motion flexibility. Meanwhile, the presented locomotion mechanism and principle have a high reliability and a good adaptability to the in vitro intestine. This research has laid a good foundation for the real application of the robotic endoscope in the future.     

基于ARM+FPGA的胶囊内窥镜体外装置的设计

针对患者在使用消化道无线内窥镜(胶囊内窥镜)做病变检查时,需忍耐长时间固定姿势带来的烦恼,即使在便携式装置研发出来以后,也需依赖于计算机的问题,提出了一种基于ARM+FPGA的嵌入式解决方案。本方案以嵌入式ARM9处理器S3C2440为核心,通过可吞服内镜胶囊采集消化道内壁图像,无线传输至体外图像接收系统,利用视频解码芯片SAA7114H完成无线内窥镜的模拟NTSC制式视频图像的解码,并通过FPGA的逻辑控制将有效视频图像传输至S3C2440进行处理,最后在嵌入式Linux环境下,利用QT/Embedded编写友好的人机交互可视化用户终端,实现便携式脱机消化道实时视频图像的记录及参数设置。这样可使患者做检查时行动更加自由,并且检查时完全脱离计算机,同时提高医生的工作效率,使其更加智能化、人性化。     

An Apparatus for Recording Defensive Responses to Tactile Stimulation in the Ground Snail

We describe here an original working experimental apparatus for non-invasive objective recording of the magnitudes of defensive responses to tactile stimulation in the ground snail. The apparatus includes a tracking device that ensures that the snail's position relative to a light and photodiode remains constant as it ascends a cylinder rotating about a horizontal axis. The device providing tactile stimulation is based on a loudspeaker circuit and provides blows of dosed energy. The snail responds to the tactile stimulation by retracting the antennae, head, and foot, which decreases the area of its shadow; this is recorded by a photodiode.