探讨Stanford B型主动脉夹层远端破口的分布特点及临床分型

目的 探讨Stanford B型主动脉夹层远端破口的分布特点及其临床分型方法.方法 对新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院2010年1月-2013年6月收治的Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者的计算机断层血管造影资料进行回顾分析,观察其远端破口的分布位置并统计远端破口的数量,进而总结远端破口的分布特点并进一步提出远端破口的临床分型方法.结果 共查阅115例Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者的计算机断层血管造影资料,其中有101例合并有远端破口(87.83％),共计有240个远端破口,平均2.37个/例.结论 Stanford B型主动脉夹层远端破口好发于累及内脏动脉区域,提出Stanford B型主动脉夹层远端破口的分型方法,即:Ⅰ型:内脏动脉以上破口;Ⅱ型:累及内脏动脉的破口;Ⅲ型:肾下腹主动脉破口;Ⅳ型:髂动脉破口.     

主动脉夹层术后远端动脉瘤的处理

<正>胸主动脉腔内修复术(thoracic endovascular aortic repair, TEVAR)已成为Stanford B型主动脉夹层(type B aortic dissection, TBAD)公认的一线治疗方法^[1]。然而常规TEVAR术中不对远端破口加以干预,远端假腔内血流持续灌注最终会导致高达20%～40%的病人在术后出现慢性动脉瘤样扩张,并可进一步发展为动脉瘤破裂乃至死亡^[2]。据文献报道,TBAD术后随访5年最终需行二次手术干预的远端瘤样扩张病人比例可达20%^[3]。     

Stanford B型主动脉夹层远端破口的初步临床探讨

目的 探索性提出Stanford B型主动脉夹层远端破口的腔内修复原则.方法 新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院血管外科2013年1月-2015年1月收治的101例Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者,按照不同的处理原则将患者分为两组:(1)序贯处理组57例:采取由近至远的原则腔内修复主动脉破口(如不处理内脏动脉处破口,亦不处理其远端破口);(2)非序贯处理组44例:不按照由近至远的原则腔内修复主动脉破口(不处理累及内脏动脉破口,其余远端破口行腔内修复).分别对两组患者术后腹腔干处主动脉径直径增长率、不适主诉发病率、假腔血栓化发病率进行统计分析.结果 两组患者术后腹腔干处主动脉直径增长率有明显差异(P＜0.05),序贯组低于非序贯组;不适主诉发病率及假腔血栓化比例均可见明显差异(P＜0.05),序贯组优于非序贯组.结论 经过初步临床探讨,我们得出在处理Stanford B型主动脉夹层远端破口时,序贯处理优于非序贯处理.     

胸主动脉夹层腔内隔绝术后内漏的分型及意义

目的 探讨胸主动脉夹层腔内隔绝术后内漏的分型及其意义。方法 97例主动脉夹层行腔内隔绝术。移植物释放定位成功后进行主动脉DSA，术后7－10天行螺旋CT，分别评估内漏的来源及量的多少，决定内漏的处理。近端多量内漏时，在近端附加延伸移植物置入，少量内漏暂不处理；移植物针孔内漏暂不处理；远端内漏根据量的多少决定处理方式。结果 12例近端内漏中，10例多量内漏经附加延伸移植物将内漏封闭，2例少量近端内漏未处理。5例远端反流及针孔内漏均在观察中。结论 根据内漏的来源，可将内漏分成4型，正确分型将有利于判断、处理以及规范化统计比较。     

真腔覆膜支架点状植入联合假腔内栓塞技术治疗腔内修复术后主动脉夹层动脉瘤

目的 ：回顾性评价真腔覆膜支架点状植入联合假腔内栓塞技术（spot stenting combined with false lumen endovascular occlusive repair,SS-FLEVOR）治疗腔内修复术后主动脉夹层动脉瘤的中期结果 。方法 ：收集2016年10月至2020年10月间采用SS-FLEVOR治疗胸主动脉腔内修复（thoracic endovascular aortic repair, TEVAR）术后主动脉夹层动脉瘤病人围术期及随访资料。分析病人手术前后胸主动脉、腹主动脉真腔最大径、假腔血栓化及内脏动脉分支支架通畅情况。结果：TEVAR术后远端瘤样扩张病人17例,平均年龄（54.5±14.5）岁,女3例。SS-FLEVOR手术均成功,平均手术时间（151.4±37.9） min。平均随访（24.9±20.7）个月。随访期间内脏动脉分支支架均通畅。胸主动脉和腹主动脉假腔均血栓化10例,胸主动脉假腔血栓化3例,胸主动脉和腹主动脉假腔仍存在部分血流4例。因假腔内血流逐渐减少且瘤体未增大,未予以二次干预。胸主动脉和腹主动脉真腔最大径均较术前增大。术前胸...     

Stanford B型主动脉夹层远端破口的腔内治疗策略

目前,胸主动脉腔内修复术是复杂型Stanford B型主动脉夹层的首选治疗方法。但该手术并未封闭夹层远端破口,假腔血流可持续存在,导致主动脉无法重塑甚至发生夹层进展。尤其是慢性Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者,内膜瓣已发生增厚和纤维化,主动脉重塑更加困难。研究结果显示,远端破口的存在可增加患者发生远期主动脉事件的可...     

腔内修复术治疗多破口Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层的临床研究

目的 分析多破口Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层的临床特征,探讨胸主动脉腔内修复术处理该病的临床方式.方法 回顾性分析2011年2月-2015年5月因多破口(≥2个破口)Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层在广州军区武汉总医院心胸外科接收TEVAR治疗患者的病例资料,除近心端第一破口外,使用外科方式处理远端夹层破口为处理组,否则为非处理组.比较两组术后6个月内胸背疼痛发病率、远端夹层进展情况、假腔变化情况、远端破口获益情况.结果 检索出符合条件的病例67例,所有腔内修复术均获成功,无严重并发症发生病例,术后6个月内无死亡病例.处理组7例,非处理组60例.TEVAR后两组胸背疼痛发病率、远端夹层进展发病率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),处理组夹层假腔较非处理组明显变小(差异有统计学意义,P＜0.05),非处理组19例患者通过夹层远端破口的血流供应腹腔内脏动脉.结论 TEVAR是治疗多破口Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层有效的手术方式,远端破口应根据Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层特点进行个性化处理或尽量不处理.     

体外开窗EVAR技术治疗远端主动脉夹层动脉瘤3例病例报告

自1999年Dake等首次报道应用腔内修复术（thoracic endovascular aortic repair,TEVAR）封堵主动脉夹层的近端破口治疗B型主动脉夹层（type B aortic dissection,TBAD）以来,大部分病例真腔血供改善、假腔逐渐血栓化、远端主动脉重新塑形,但是仍有部分病例支架远端主动脉假腔持续增大形成夹层动脉瘤,影响真腔供血甚至破裂。     

急性Stanford B型主动脉夹层行腔内隔绝术后的主动脉重塑CSCD

目的 探讨急性Stanford B型主动脉夹层行胸主动脉腔内修复（thoracic endovascular aor-tic repair,TEVAR）术后的主动脉重塑过程及形态学变化.方法 回顾性分析2015年9月至2016年8月诊断为急性Stanford B型主动脉夹层且行TEVAR手术的51例患者临床资料,利用CTA图像测量原发破口水平、气管分叉水平、腹腔干动脉水平及左肾动脉下缘水平真腔、假腔直径,并计算术后真、假腔直径变化率.结果 近端破口水平,术后真腔扩大及假腔缩小在术后1个月和1年最为明显（P〈0.05）,在术后3个月及术后6个月较为稳定,真、假腔均无明显变化（P〉0.05）.气管分叉水平,真腔持续扩大而假腔持续缩小.在腹腔干动脉及左肾动脉下缘水平,真腔直径呈缓慢增大趋势,而假腔直径变化不明显.结论 急性Stanford B型主动脉夹层行TEVAR术后,胸主动脉段重塑较佳,真腔得到明显恢复,假腔明显减小,假腔血栓形成并吸收率高,而对于支架血管未能覆盖的降主动脉远端重塑作用则较差.     

浅析Stanford B型主动脉夹层胸主动脉腔内修复术后支架远端并发症

胸主动脉腔内修复术（TEVAR）现已逐渐成熟,成为临床治疗胸主动脉夹层的主要手段。腔内治疗拥有创口小,围术期死亡率低的优点,但长期随访结果相比开放手术缺少明显优势。TEVAR术后胸主动脉段虽得到处理,但腹主动脉及其分支在远期随访中会出现瘤样扩张、新发破口以及分支血管支配的器官缺血、功能不全等并发症。为减少该类并发症出现...     

Stanford B型主动脉夹层腔内修复术后再干预的危险因素研究

目的 探究Stanford B型主动脉夹层TEVAR术后再干预情况及相关危险因素.方法 回顾性分析2014年1月至2018年1月新疆医科大学第二附属医院初次行TEVAR的Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者93例,对再干预组和无需再干预的对照组进行比较,分析影响患者TEVAR术后再干预的危险因素.结果 22例患者(23...     

Thirty-day outcomes from the Society for Vascular Surgery Vascular Quality Initiative thoracic endovascular aortic repair for type B dissection project

Objective

The purpose of the Society for Vascular Surgery Vascular Quality Initiative thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for dissection project is to assess the effectiveness of TEVAR for type B dissection by evaluation in a prospective quality improvement registry. Here we describe the project cohort and 30-day outcomes of TEVAR for both acute dissection (AD) and chronic dissection (CD) patients and focus specifically on outcomes of uncomplicated AD patients based on timing of treatment.

Non-A non-B acute aortic dissection with entry tear in the aortic arch

Open in a separate window OBJECTIVESOur aim was to describe the outcomes of the latest treatment options of acute non-A non-B aortic dissection involving an entry tear in the aortic arch.METHODSIncluded were patients who presented between January 2001 and February 2020 with a non-A non-B aortic dissection involving the aortic arch but not the ascending aorta and with the most proximal entry tear located within the aortic arch between the innominate and left subclavian artery. Clinical data and operative details were retrieved from medical histories and surgical protocols. Preoperative, postoperative and follow-up computed tomography angiography scans were analysed.RESULTSWe analysed a total of 39 patients [median age 62 (52; 67) years, men 76.9%] with non-A non-B arch entry aortic dissections type. They underwent 15 thoracic endovascular aortic repairs, 20 frozen elephant trunk implantations, 1 hybrid arch replacement, or 1 conventional arch replacement. Two patients were managed conservatively. Twelve (31%) patients underwent emergent intervention, 12 (31%) were treated invasively within 2 weeks. Another 2 (5%) and 9 (23%) patients were treated 2 and 4 weeks after dissection occurred, respectively. Six (15%) patients presented with an impending aortic rupture, while 19 (49%) had at least one malperfused organ. Four patients (27%) died after thoracic endovascular aortic repair; the 30-day mortality following frozen elephant trunk was 0%.CONCLUSIONSNon-A non-B acute aortic dissection reveals a frequently complicated course requiring emergency intervention. The majority of patients required aortic arch repair within the first 2 weeks. Total arch replacement with the frozen elephant trunk technique seems to be low procedural mortality, and may become the treatment of choice in arch entry non-A non-B aortic dissection.     

Quantification of aortic shagginess as a predictive factor of perioperative stroke and long-term prognosis after endovascular treatment of aortic arch disease

Objective

Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) with supra-aortic debranching has recently been introduced as a treatment option for aortic arch disease. Although less invasive than open repair, TEVAR is associated with a risk of perioperative embolic stroke due to dislodgment of atherosclerotic plaque debris, especially in individuals with atheromatous degeneration of the aortic lumen. It is difficult to determine atheroma vulnerability, and there is no current method for predicting the risk of atheroembolism. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of our method of quantifying the shagginess of the aorta in predicting the short- and long-term outcomes of TEVAR involving the aortic arch.

Impact of proximal seal zone length and intramural hematoma on clinical outcomes and aortic remodeling after thoracic endovascular aortic repair for aortic dissections

Objective

Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) has become standard treatment of complicated type B aortic dissections (TBADs). Whereas adequate proximal seal is a fundamental requisite for TEVAR, what constitutes “adequate” in dissections and its impact on outcomes remain unclear. The goal of this study was to describe the proximal seal zone achieved with associated clinical outcomes and aortic remodeling.

Outcomes of single physician-modified fenestrated stent grafts for endovascular repair of thoracic aortic lesions involving the distal aortic arch

OBJECTIVESOur goal was to evaluate the outcomes of fenestrated thoracic endovascular aortic repair of thoracic aortic lesions involving the distal aortic arch using single physician-modified stent grafts.Open in a separate windowMETHODSThis single-centre, retrospective study included 58 consecutive patients (mean age, 57 ± 14 years; 11 women) who underwent fenestrated thoracic endovascular aortic repair for thoracic aortic pathologies involving the distal aortic arch using single physician-modified stent grafts between November 2015 and December 2018. Indications included complicated acute type B dissection or intramural haematoma with an unfavourable proximal landing zone (n = 49), type Ia endoleak subsequent to thoracic endovascular aortic repair due to acute type B dissection (n = 1) and distal arch degenerative aneurysms <15 mm from the left subclavian artery (n = 8).RESULTSThe technical success rate was 94.8%. The 30-day mortality was 1.7%, and the perioperative ischaemic stroke rate was 1.7%. The incidence of perioperative complications was 10.3%. At a mean follow-up of 26.3 months (range, 7–44), all target vessels were patent. All-cause mortality was 5.2%. Estimated 1-, 2- and 3-year survival was 98.3 ± 1.7%, 96.4 ± 2.5% and 93.2 ± 3.9%, respectively.CONCLUSIONThe single fenestrated stent graft technique is feasible and effective for endovascular repair of thoracic aortic pathologies involving the distal aortic arch.     

Endovascular treatment of the dissected proximal aortic arch: a systematic review

 Open in a separate windowOBJECTIVESSurgical repair of aortic dissection involving the proximal aortic arch is associated with higher morbidity and mortality, in particular when elderly high-risk patients are concerned. Endovascular treatments for this disease are under evaluation and some reports exist. We investigated the current use of catheter-based treatments for the dissected proximal aortic arch repair. METHODSWe searched in PubMed and MEDLINE databases up to the end of June 2020 for studies on endovascular treatment of the dissected proximal aortic arch. Data on demographic, procedure and stent graft (SG) details, access route, mortality with cause of death, complications and follow-up were extracted. A systematic review on the employed technology, procedure and outcome was performed.RESULTSA total number of 15 articles (13 retrospective reports and 2 case reports) were deemed eligible and were included in the study. In total, 140 patients (mean age: 56.7 years in 106 cases) received endovascular treatments for the dissected proximal aortic arch (unspecific aortic dissection: 14; acute and subacute type A aortic dissection: 88; chronic type A aortic dissection: 23; type B aortic dissection with retrograde type A dissection: 15). The procedure strategy included unspecific thoracic endovascular aorta repair (TEVAR) (n = 8), TEVAR + supra-aortic debranching (n = 2), TEVAR + cervical bypass (n = 8), TEVAR + periscope SG (n = 12), TEVAR + chimney graft (n = 8), TEVAR + branched SG (n = 21) and TEVAR + fenestration (n = 81). Procedural success rate was 95.6% for 116 reported cases. Complications included endoleaks (postoperative: 2; late: 5), stroke (n = 4), late SG-induced new entry (n = 3) and new false lumen formation (n = 1). Hospital mortality was 5% (6 cases) in 13 reports (120 patients). The mean follow-up time was 26.2 ± 29.4 months and 2 patients died during follow-up.CONCLUSIONSAs an alternative to surgery for high-risk patients with a dissected proximal aortic arch, the endovascular treatment seems to be promising in highly selected cases. Further studies with long-term results and specifically designed devices are required to standardize this approach.     

Endoluminal stent graft repair for acute and chronic type B aortic dissection and atherosclerotic aneurysm of the thoracic aorta: an interdisciplinary task

Objective: Endoluminal thoracic aortic stenting is a new therapeutic tool in reducing the operative trauma of the patient. However, the inherent risks of aortic stent grafting are perivascular leakage, stent dislocation, blunt rupture of the aorta, side branch occlusion and neurological sequelae. To reduce these risks, in our institution all stent implantations were performed in close collaboration with our fellow cardiologists under biplane X-ray control supported by simultaneous intravascular and transoesophageal ultrasound imaging. Methods: Between August 1999 and August 2001, endovascular stent graft repair was performed in 34 patients (27 male, seven female) with a mean age of 68.6±7 years (range 58–84). Indication for treatment was an acute Type B aortic dissection in six patients (18%), a symptomatic chronic Type B dissection in 12 patients (35%), a true aneurysm of the descending aorta in seven patients (21%) and an atherosclerotic contained rupture of the descending aorta in nine (26%) patients. Out of six acute type B dissections three patients (8.8%) and one patient (2.9%) out of the chronic dissection group were in severe haemorrhagic shock, ventilated and required high-dose adrenergic support. The others (30 patients, 88.3%) remained symptomatic despite maximum medical treatment. In a special case a combined surgical and endoluminal stent graft repair was performed. Individually manufactured Talent, Medtronic AVE (33), and Gore (1) stents were used. Follow-up examination was performed 1 week after implantation and repeated every 3 months (mean follow-up 8 months, range 1–24). Results: In all patients the aneurysm or the entry of the dissection could be excluded. The observed hospital mortality was 2.9% (one patient). No perivascular leakage, no stent dislocation, no neurological deficit or perfusion impairment was observed. All patients except four were extubated immediately after the procedure and discharged from hospital on postoperative day 2–3. The late procedure-related mortality was 5.8% (two patients) resulting in an overall mortality of 8.8% (three patients). Conclusion: Stent graft repair is a safe and feasible treatment option for selected patients, especially in emergency situations, if the aortic lesions can be clearly identified and localized. The use of biplane X-ray control combined with simultaneous intravascular and transoesophageal ultrasound imaging in an interdisciplinary approach enables a more precise targeting of the stent landing zone, resulting in low morbidity and mortality rates.     

"烟囱"技术在主动脉弓病变腔内修复术中的应用

目的 探讨"烟囱"技术在主动脉弓腔内修复术中应用的可行性.方法 针对近端锚定区偏短的主动脉弓病变,在腔内修复过程中先覆盖重要主动脉弓分支血管,然后通过腔内技术在被覆盖的分支血管内行"烟囱"支架置入术.回顾性统计2004年8月至2009年8月应用"烟囱"技术处理病变的临床资料,分析应用"烟囱"技术的原因、方法、结果和并发症状况等.结果 本组共27例主动脉弓病变腔内修复技术中应用了"烟囱"技术,男性25例,女性2例.年龄37～84岁,平均(67.2±3.8)岁.针对无名动脉的"烟囱"技术3例,针对左颈总动脉的"烟囱"技术11例,针对左锁骨下动脉的"烟囱"技术13例.5例术后即刻造影提示存在少量I型内漏(18.5%).1例术中因左颈总动脉穿刺造成了该动脉夹层.1例术后因呼吸衰竭死亡.无中风、出血等并发症发生.随访时间3～60个月,平均(16.8±5.9)个月.1例次要脑梗死,1例"烟囱"支架闭塞.1例术后4年因心肌梗死死亡.所有I型内漏均消失,无支架型血管和"烟囱"支架移位等并发症.结论 "烟囱"技术有效提高了锚定区长度,能很好的降低I型内漏的发生率.但应严格选择适应证,防止可能带来的并发症.     

胸主动脉夹层的外科治疗

目的总结胸主动脉夹层(AD)的外科治疗经验。方法1993年至2003年4月手术治疗A型AD40例，B型20例，其中急性夹层16例。A型采用中度低温体外循环13例，深低温停循环(DHCA)和上腔静脉逆灌(RCP)27例；行升主动脉置换24例，升主动脉和半弓置换11例，升主动脉、全弓和象鼻手术5例；同期行Bentall手术18例，主动脉瓣置换8例，冠状动脉旁路移植术1例。B型采用左心转流7例，股一股转流2例，DHCA 11例；行近端降主动脉置换14例，全胸降主动脉置换或伴肋间动脉移植6例。结果全组术后死亡率10％(急性夹层18．8％，慢性夹层6．8％)，近3年降至4．4％。术后并发呼吸功能不全8例，二次开胸止血3例，延迟性心包压塞和腹腔内出血各2例，声音嘶哑3例。结论正确掌握手术指征、手术技巧和术中脑保护是手术治疗AD的关键。A型夹层的手术范围应依据内膜破裂口位置决定。