靶控输注不同浓度舒芬太尼对丙泊酚TCI镇静催眠的影响

目的在麻醉诱导期观察靶控输注（TCI）不同浓度舒芬太尼对丙泊酚镇静催眠效应的影响。方法 60例择期手术全麻患者,年龄25～60岁,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级。随机分为4组,每组15例。A组为单纯丙泊酚组;B、C、D组为丙泊酚＋舒芬太尼组,舒芬太尼的靶效应浓度分别为0.1、0.2、0.3ng/ml。B、C、D组在TCI舒芬太尼达平衡后,TCI丙泊酚。记录舒芬太尼达平衡后1min和丙泊酚效应浓度达1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5、3.0μg/ml时的脑电双频谱指数（BIS）和OAA/S评分。结果在单纯输注舒芬太尼期间,BIS和OAA/S评分无明显变化;随丙泊酚浓度升高,患者BIS和OAA/S评分逐渐下降;相同丙泊酚浓度时,各组间的BIS值无明显差别;丙泊酚浓度为1.0、1.5、2.0μg/ml时,D组的OAA/S评分（4.1±0.3、4.3±0.7、3.1±1.1）明显低于A组（4.1±0.7、3.1±1.3、2.1±1.0,P〈0.05）。结论麻醉诱导期间输注0.1ng/ml和0.2ng/ml浓度的舒芬太尼不增强丙泊酚的镇静催眠效应,0.3ng/ml的舒芬太尼可以增加丙泊酚的镇静催眠效应。     

靶控输注不同浓度丙泊酚诱导重症肌无力患者气管插管时舒芬太尼的半数有效浓度

目的研究靶控输注（TCI）不同浓度丙泊酚复合气管内表面麻醉,在无肌松药下诱导重症肌无力患者气管插管所需舒芬太尼的半数有效浓度及两药复合的相互作用。方法拟行经胸骨正中劈开胸腺切除术的重症肌无力患者40例,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级（I型6例,Ⅱa型8例,Ⅱb型20例,Ⅲ型2例,Ⅳ型4例）。按丙泊酚血浆靶浓度（Cp）不同分A、B两组,每组20例。A组丙泊酚Cp维持3.5μg/ml不变,B组Cp维持4μg/ml不变;舒芬太尼采用效应室浓度（Ce）靶控输注,按序贯法确定浓度,依次为0.1、0.15、0.23、0.34、0.5ng/ml等比递增,相邻效应室靶浓度之间比例为1.5。复合气管内表面麻醉后行气管插管。监测诱导时、插管过程中的血压、心率和脑电双频指数（BIS）。序贯法进行诱导,即前1例患者若在置入喉镜、喉麻管及插管时无体动呛咳,则下1例患者接受的药物降低1个浓度;若在任何一个环节患者有体动或呛咳,则下1例患者接受的药物提高1个浓度。结果丙泊酚为3.5μg/ml时,50%患者完成插管时舒芬太尼的浓度为0.23ng/ml,95%可信区间为（0.20～0.27）ng/ml。丙泊酚为4μg/ml时,50%患者完成插管时舒芬太尼的浓度为0.22ng/ml,95%可信区间为（0.17～0.28）ng/ml。结论在不使用肌松药并复合气管内表面麻醉的情况下完成气管插管,丙泊酚血浆靶浓度分别为3.5μg/ml和4μg/ml时,舒芬太尼半数有效效应室靶浓度为0.23ng/ml和0.22ng/ml,两药复合有协同作用。     

状态熵指数与靶控输注异丙酚时镇静深度及预测效应部位浓度的关系

目的：探讨状态熵指数(SE）与靶控输注异丙酚麻醉不同镇静深度及预测效应部位浓度的关系,并与BIS进行比较。方法：择期全麻患者20例,靶控输注异丙酚初始靶浓度为1.0μg/ml,预测效应部位浓度达到设定浓度后1min以0.5μg/ml的浓度梯度递增,目标镇静深度为警觉/镇静（OAA/S）评分1分。结果：SE、BIS与OAA/S评分相关系数分别为0.82（P＜0.01）和0.73（P＜0.01）; SE、BIS与预测效应部位浓度之间相关系数分别为-0.66（P＜0.01）和-0.70（P＜0.01）,50%和90%患者意识消失时的预测效应部位浓度分别为3.55（3.17,4.61）μg/ml和4.83（4.07,7.00）μg/ml。结论：状态熵指数与靶控输注异丙酚时的不同镇静深度以及预测效应部位药物浓度具有良好的相关性。     

Evaluation of entropy for monitoring the depth of anesthesia compared with bispectral index: a multicenter clinical trial

Background  As a new electroencephalogram (EEG) signal processing technique for monitoring the depth of anesthesia, entropy consists of two indices: reaction entropy (RE) and state entropy (SE). Our study compared entropy with classical bispectral index (BIS) in reduction of myoelectrical interference and noxious stimuli with EEG signals.

Methods  Two hundred and eighty patients (ASA I–II, 18–60 years old) undergoing scheduled surgeries from seven medical centers were enrolled. Anesthesia induction was managed with propofol via the target-controlled infusion (TCI) system. The results of BIS, RE, SE, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded before anesthesia induction, at the moment of unconsciousness, before and 2 minutes after administration of muscle relaxant, and before and one and three minutes after the tracheal intubation.

Results  The values of half maximum effective concentrations (EC50), 5% effective concentrations (EC05) and 95% effective concentrations (EC95) of propofol effect-site concentration at the onset of unconsciousness were 1.2 (1.1–1.3 μg/ml), 2.5 (2.4–2.5 μg/ml) and 3.7 (3.7–3.8 μg/ml), while those of the predicted plasma propofol concentration were 2.8 (2.7–2.9 μg/ml), 3.9 (3.8–3.9 μg/ml) and 4.9 (4.8–5.0 μg/ml), respectively. The values of BIS, SE and RE were 62, 59 and 63 when 50% of patients lost consciousness, and 79, 80, 85 and 42, 37, 44, respectively, when 5% and 95% of patients were unconscious. The values of BIS, RE and SE dropped two minutes after the injection of muscle relaxant, but there were no significant differences between RE and SE. MAP and HR increased visibly, which indicated a reaction to tracheal intubation; the values of BIS, RE and SE, however, did not display any significant changes.

Conclusions  This large-sample multicentric study confirmed the values of RE and SE as approximating BIS value, at the onset of unconsciousness during propofol TCI anesthesia. After elimination of myoelectrical activation, all values of RE, SE and BIS decreased significantly and the three indices were less sensitive to noxious stimuli than cardiovascular responses.

     

咪达唑仑靶控输注期间BIS对不同年龄结肠癌患者意识状态的预测

目的探讨咪达唑仑靶控输注（TCI）期间脑电双频谱指数（BIS）对结肠癌患者意识状态变化的预测及不同年龄对其的影响。方法回顾性分析我院2004年2月~2010年2月收治入院的采用硬膜外麻醉下行结肠癌手术患者40例临床资料,按照年龄不同进行分组,年轻组（40~64岁,A组）和老年组（65~85岁,B组）,每组20例,按咪达唑仑效应室靶浓度（Ce）分阶段实施TCI,采用警觉/镇静（OAA/S）评分评价意识状态变化。记录每次评分前即刻的BIS值及血流动力学指标,分析BIS预测镇静深度的概率（Pk）,通过Pk评价BIS对意识状态的预测效果。结果随着咪达唑仑Ce增加,两组患者BIS逐渐降低,两组总体变化趋势一致。患者意识消失时,BIS值：A组为（61.6±7.9）,B组为（72.9±5.9）。Ce：A组为（69.8±8.9）μg/L,B组为（53.3±9.4）μg/L。同一镇静评分（OAA/S4~1）时,B组的BIS值明显高于A组（P〈0.01）。两组BIS对于意识消失的预测概率（Pk）：A组为（0.883±0.034）,B组为（0.819±0.028）,两组间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;TCI期间两组心率和脉搏血氧饱和度无明显改变。与基础值比较,当OAA/S评分降至2分以下时,血压下降（P〈0.05）。结论咪达唑仑TCI期间,BIS能预测意识状态的变化,且对年轻患者和老年患者的预测相当。     

瑞芬太尼联合异丙酚双通道靶控输注用于心功能Ⅱ～Ⅲ级老年患者的全麻诱导

目的探讨瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚靶控输注(TCI)全凭静脉麻醉用于心功能Ⅱ～Ⅲ级老年患者全麻诱导的合适效应室靶浓度。方法全麻下心功能Ⅱ～Ⅲ级年龄62～86岁患者择期手术病人60例,随机分为3组,每组20例。入室后(基础值T1)静脉输注乳酸钠林格氏液5ml/kg,效应室靶浓度TCI(T2)3组病人瑞芬太尼从1.0ng/ml分别渐升至2.0ng/ml,3.0ng/ml和4.0ng/ml(T3)后启动异丙酚TCI,从1.0μg/ml血浆靶浓度渐升至4.0μg/ml(T4),气管插管后即刻(T5),气管插管后2min(T6)。记录平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、双频谱指数(BIS),不良反应发生率、辅助药物使用次数。结果与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅱ组Ⅲ组给药后气管插管时及气管插管后MAP、HR降低(P<0.05),而Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组不良反应次数较Ⅰ组多、麻醉过浅次数较Ⅰ组少(P<0.05),而BISⅠ组较高。结论瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚TCI全凭静脉麻醉用于老年心功能Ⅱ～Ⅲ级患者全麻诱导效应室靶浓度TCI瑞芬太尼宜为3.0ng/ml复合异丙酚TCI4.0μg/ml。     

Comparison of C50 for Propofol-remifentanil Target-controlled Infusion and Bispectral Index at Loss of Consciousness and Response to Painful Stimulus in Elderly and Young Patients

Background:In this prospective randomized study,we compared the predicted blood and effect-site C50 for propofol and remifentanil target-controlled infusion (TCI) and the bispectral index (BIS) values ...     

丙泊酚联合舒芬太尼靶控输注用于冠脉搭桥手术的探讨

目的观察不同浓度舒芬太尼联合丙泊酚靶控输注（TCI）用于冠脉搭桥手术的最佳剂量选择。方法选择行冠脉搭桥手术患者36例（ASAⅠ～Ⅲ级）,随机分为A、B、C 3组,每组12例,分别靶控输注舒芬太尼0.5,1.0,1.5μg/L和丙泊酚0.5～2.0 mg/L,使脑电双频指数（BIS）保持在40～60范围内。劈胸骨后舒芬太尼靶浓度减少1/4。观察3组患者MAP、HR和丙泊酚用量的变化以及丙泊酚Ce改变的次数。结果相对于诱导前（T1）,A组患者在劈胸骨时HR和MAP值（T4）显著升高（P〈0.05）;相对于A组,C组在插管时（T3）MAP值显著下降（P〈0.05）,B组和C组在劈胸骨时HR和MAP值显著降低（P〈0.05）。B组和C组的丙泊酚用量和丙泊酚Ce改变次数显著少于A组（P〈0.05）。结论靶控输注高浓度舒芬太尼（舒芬太尼靶浓度≥1.0μg/L）联合丙泊酚用于冠脉搭桥手术,血流动力学更稳定,并能减少丙泊酚的用量和丙泊酚Ce改变次数。     

老年患者全麻诱导期丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼联合靶控输注的最佳复合浓度

 目的 探讨老年患者全麻诱导期丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼联合靶控输注的最佳复合浓度。方法 将50名年龄在65~75岁之间的患者随机分为5组：A、B、C、D、E组,瑞芬太尼效应室浓度分别设为:0、2、4、6、8 ng/mL。丙泊酚效应室药物浓度由2 μg/mL开始,每2 min追加1 μg/mL至脑电双频指数（bispectral index,BIS）稳定于（40±5）。监测诱导期间不同时间点瑞芬太尼血浆和效应室浓度、丙泊酚血浆和效应室浓度、心率、有创血压、BIS、听觉诱发电位和体动反应,经统计分析,进行最佳复合浓度判断。结果 诱导期间,各组间高血压和低血压发生比例具有显著性差异（P<0.05）,B组血流动力学最平稳,分别为20%和10%。意识消失时,丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼效应浓度存在负相关性。气管插管即刻,B组体动反应和血流动力学变化最小。结论 瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚联合靶控输注可安全用于老年患者全麻诱导,瑞芬太尼效应室浓度为2 ng/mL时血流动力学最平稳：意识消失时,丙泊酚效应室浓度为（3.5±0.8）μg/mL;气管插管时,丙泊酚效应室浓度为5.3 μg/mL。     

无肌松药下表面麻醉复合异丙酚靶控输注诱导病人气管插管的可行性

目的：探讨无肌松药下表面麻醉复合异丙酚靶控输注诱导病人气管插管的可行性。方法：拟行气管插管全身麻醉的手术病人40例，年龄20～60岁，ASAI或Ⅱ级，诱导前静脉注射芬太尼1μg/kg，以异丙酚效应室靶浓度4μg/ml行麻醉诱导，插管时用2%利多卡因4～5ml行气管黏膜表面麻醉。监测诱导、插管过程中的血压、心率和脑电双频指数（BIS）。插管时按面罩通气难易、下颌松弛度、声带位置高低、置入喉镜难易、是否有咳嗽体动以及对套囊充气反应等方面对插管条件进行评价。结果：与插管前即刻比较，插管后即刻心率加快，插管后即刻及插管后1min血压升高（P〈0.01）。插管前后的BIS值比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。所有病人均一次插管成功。插管条件综合评价的满意率为90%。结论：无肌松药下用2%利多卡因4～5ml行气管黏膜表面麻醉复合异丙酚4μg/ml效应室浓度靶控输注诱导病人气管插管时，可提供良好的气管插管条件。     

丙泊酚靶控输注复合雷米芬太尼麻醉期间右旋美托咪啶对麻醉深度的影响

目的: 研究丙泊酚靶控输注复合雷米芬太尼麻醉期间,右旋美托咪啶(Dex)对脑电双频谱指数(BIS)和听觉诱发电位指数(AAI)的影响.方法:选择拟于全麻下行甲状腺次全切除术的年轻患者30例(ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级),诱导方法:以血浆药物浓度为靶目标进行丙泊酚靶控输注,靶浓度(Ct)为4 mg/L,同时静脉泵注雷米芬太尼1 μg/kg,待患者意识消失后静注罗库溴铵0.6 mg/kg,1 min后气管内插管.术中以雷米芬太尼0.2 μg/(kg·min)~(-1) 维持麻醉,定时追加肌松药,调节丙泊酚靶控输注的Ct值,使BIS维持在50±3;维持10 min稳定后将患者随机双盲分为两组:D组(n=15):Dex 0.4 μg/kg,用生理盐水稀释成5 ml静脉泵注(5 min),C组(对照,n=15):生理盐水5 ml,方法同D组.记录20 min内BIS、AAI、MAP、HR.结果:D组静注Dex后BIS由51.4±2.2逐渐下降,20 min时降为42.2±15.7(P<0.05);而AAI给药前15.1±3.3,20 min内没有明显变化;C组对照观察期间BIS、AAI均无明显变化.结论:丙泊酚靶控输注复合雷米芬太尼麻醉稳定后,静注Dex能使BIS进一步下降,而AAI保持不变.     

舒芬太尼联合丙泊酚靶控输注用于肝功能不全患者麻醉诱导的观察

目的评价舒芬太尼联合丙泊酚靶控输注用于肝功能不全患者麻醉诱导的可行性和安全性,探讨更适合的舒芬太尼浓度,以及不同浓度舒芬太尼对丙泊酚药效学的影响。方法选择ASAⅡ～Ⅲ级,ChildB级,择期行脾切除门奇静脉断流术的患者30例。麻醉诱导靶控输注舒芬太尼Ce分别为L组（0.6μg/L）和H组（0.8μg/L）,达到设定值时开始靶控输注丙泊酚。当患者意识消失时将预设丙泊酚血浆浓度调低并使其效应室靶浓度高于意识消失时浓度,同时静脉注射罗库溴胺0.9mg/kg完成气管插管,机械通气。记录不同时点观察值。结果诱导时L组患者心率及血压无明显波动。H组舒芬太尼Ce值达到0.8μg/L时,血压比基础值升高4.2%（P〈0.05）,3例患者出现呼吸抑制,4例患者出现肌肉僵直（P〈0.05）。两组BIS值在舒芬太尼输注前后变化无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。意识消失时L、H组的丙泊酚Ce值分别为（1.84±0.54）mg/L、（1.32±0.37）mg/L（P〈0.01）,丙泊酚用量分别为（62.24±6.03）mg、（39.83±5.64）mg（P〈0.01）,BIS值分别为67±11、70±11（P〉0.05）。结论舒芬太尼Ce值为0.6μg/L,联合丙泊酚靶控输注麻醉诱导用于肝功能不全患者,血流动力学更为平稳,应激反应小,无呼吸抑制及肌肉僵直,相对具有可行性和安全性。舒芬太尼Ce值分别为0.6μg/L、0.8μg/L靶控输注不会引起BIS值显著变化,而与丙泊酚联合使用时具有协同作用,可降低意识消失时丙泊酚的Ce值。     

不同海拔地区腹腔镜胆囊手术全麻患者丙泊酚麻醉诱导时的靶控输注研究

目的确定不同海拔地区腹腔镜胆囊手术全麻患者丙泊酚靶控输注下意识消失界点相对应的效应室浓度、血浆浓度及相应剂量的EC05、EC50、EC95及AAI参数。方法将ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级LC手术病人根据海拔不同分为A组（海拔约2200m）、B组（海拔约3000m）、C组（海拔约4000m）,监测听觉诱发电位AAI值。用靶浓度控制输注法输注丙泊酚,以预期效应室浓度1.2μg·mL-1为起点,每次丙泊酚的效应室浓度和血浆浓度达到一致后增加0.3μg·mL-1,直至患者意识消失。采用概率单位回归分析计算意识消失时丙泊酚的效应室浓度、血浆浓度和相对应剂量的EC05、EC50、EC95以及AAI值。结果不同海拔地区患者TCI丙泊酚意识消失时效应室浓度EC05、EC50、EC95值：A组,1.81、3.01、4.16μg·mL-1;B组,1.98、3.01、4.11μg·mL-1;C组,1.87、3.04、4.21μg·mL-1。血浆浓度EC05、EC50、EC95值：A组,2.26、3.43、4.58μg·mL-1;B组,2.41、3.46、4.54μg·mL-1;C组,2.29、3.55、4.81μg·mL-1,相应剂量EC05、EC50、EC95值：A组,0.70、1.64、2.56 mg/kg;B组,0.83、1.65、2.49 mg/kg;C组,0.73、1.63、2.53 mg/kg。三组间效应室浓度、血浆浓度、剂量的EC05、EC50、EC95比较均无明显差异性（P〉0.05）。AAI值均小于30。结论不同海拔地区腹腔镜胆囊手术全麻患者TCI丙泊酚意识消失时效应室浓度、血浆浓度、相应剂量的EC05、EC50、EC95及AAI值等临床参数无明显差异,但低于白种人和国人其他研究报道。     

瑞芬太尼与异丙酚靶控输注用于人工无痛流产术的临床观察

目的 比较人工流产术患者不同血浆靶浓度异丙酚联合一定剂量瑞芬太尼的麻醉效果.方法 80例早孕者随机分为4组,每组20例.Ⅰ组单纯用1%异丙酚,血浆靶浓度设定为7.5 μg/mL,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组输注异丙酚前1 min先静注0.3 μg/kg瑞芬太尼,异丙酚血浆靶浓度分别设定为5.0 μg/mL、5.5 μg/mL、6.0 ...     

靶控输注瑞芬太尼抑制哈尼族患者气管插管及切皮反应的半数有效血浆浓度

目的 探讨哈尼族患者复合异丙酚时,血浆靶控输注瑞芬太尼抑制气管插管及切皮反应的半数有效血浆浓度（EC50）.方法 择期手术患者50例,靶控输注异丙酚（3.0 μg/ml）及瑞芬太尼（2.6 ng/ml）,患者意识消失（睫毛反射消失和对言语指令无反应）时静注阿曲库铵,待血浆靶控浓度（Cp）与效应室浓度（Ce）达平衡,BIS值为40～50时行气管插管.瑞芬太尼Cp按序贯法确定,浓度梯度为0.5 ng/ml.结果采用半数效量序贯法公式计算患者复合异丙酚时,血浆靶控输注瑞芬太尼抑制气管插管的EC50为3.09 ng/ml,95%可信区间（CI）为2.05～4.13 ng/ml,抑制切皮反应的EC50为 3.24 ng/ml,95%可信区间（CI）为2.20～4.27 ng/ml.结论血浆靶控输注异丙酚3.0 μg/ml时,瑞芬太尼抑制哈尼族患者气管插管的EC50为3.09 ng/ml,抑制切皮反应的EC50为3.24 ng/ml.     

颅脑损伤患者丙泊酚靶控浓度与脑电双频指数变化的关系

目的观察丙泊酚诱导过程中,轻中度颅脑损伤患者的效应室浓度与脑电双频指数(BIS)变化的关系。方法选择颅脑损伤后GCS评分为9～15分,拟行急诊开颅手术的患者19例。所有患者入室后行BIS及心电图、上臂血压、血氧饱和度(SpO2)监测,以丙泊酚靶控输注进行诱导,靶控效应室浓度从0.5μg/ml开始,当效应室达到设定浓度后增加0.5μg/ml,直到3.5μg/ml,记录基础值及每个浓度稳定时的BIS值、心率(HR)及平均动脉压(MAP)。结果效应室靶控浓度与BIS呈直线负相关(r=-0.63,P<0.01),回归方程:BIS值=81.2-11.47×丙泊酚效应室靶控浓度。效应室靶控浓度达到3.5μg/ml时,MAP降幅达到基础值的34.7%。结论丙泊酚效应室靶控浓度与BIS呈负相关,可用于评估镇静深度。当效应室靶控浓度>3μg/ml,对轻中度颅脑损伤的MAP影响较大。     

Median effective effect-site concentration of intravenous anesthetics for loss of consciousness in neoadjuvant chemotherapy patients

Background  In recent years, increasing numbers of patients are accepting neoadjuvant chemotherapy before their operation in order to get a better prognosis. But chemotherapy has many side-effects. We have observed that patients who accepted neoadjuvant chemotherapy are more sensitive to anesthetics. The aim of this study was to determine the median effective dose (EC₅₀) of intravenous anesthetics for neoadjuvant chemotherapy patients to lose consciousness during target-controlled infusion.

Methods  Two hundred and forty breast cancer patients undergoing elective operations were assigned to six groups according to treatment received before their operation and the use of intravenous anesthetics during anesthesia; non-adjuvant chemotherapy+propofol group (group NP, n=40), Taxol+propofol group (group TP, n=40), adriamycine+cyclophosphamide+5-Fu+propofol group (group CP, n=40), non-adjuvant chemotherapy+etomidate group (group NE, n=40), taxol+etomidate group (group TE, n=40), adriamycine+cyclophosphamide+5-Fu+etomidate group (group CE, n=40). We set the beginning effect-site concentration (Ce) of propofol as 3.0 μg/ml and etomidate as 0.2 μg/ml. The concentration was increased by steps until the patient was asleep, (OAAS class I–II), then gave fentanyl 3 μg/kg and rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg and intubated three minutes later. The patients’ age, height, and weight were recorded. BIS was recorded before induction, at the initial effect-site concentration and at loss of consciousness. The effect-site concentration was recorded when patient lost consciousness.

Results  There were no significant differences between groups in general conditions before treatment; such as BIS of consciousness, age, sex and body mass index. The EC₅₀ of propofol in the NP, TP and CP groups was 4.11 μg/ml (95% CI: 3.96–4.26), 2.94 μg/ml (95% CI: 3.36–3.47) and 2.91 μg/ml (95% CI: 3.35–3.86), respectively. The EC₅₀ of etomidate in the NE, TE and CE groups was 0.61 μg/ml (95% CI: 0.55–0.67), 0.38 μg/ml (95% CI: 0.33–0.44), and 0.35 μg/ml (95% CI: 0.34–0.36), respectively. There was no significant difference of BIS level before induction or in BIS50 level in any group when patients lost consciousness.

Conclusions  The EC₅₀ of intravenous anesthetics to cause loss of consciousness in neoadjuvant chemotherapy groups is lower than in the control group. There was no significant difference of BIS level at which patients lost consciousness.

     

异丙酚在不同ABO血型病人的麻醉效果比较

目的:探讨不同ABO血型病人是否对异丙酚的效果存在差异,以期对临床麻醉应用异丙酚提供个体化依据.方法:择期全麻手术病人80例,年龄40～60岁,体重50～75 kg,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,根据血型(n=20)分为A组、B组、AB组、O组.病人入室稳定10min后测定靶控输注异丙酚前T0的MAP、HR和BIS值,之后开始静脉血浆靶控输注异丙酚,初始浓度4μg/mL,目标浓度6μg/mL,分别在靶控浓度4μg/mL(T1)、4.5μg/mL(T2)、5 μg/mL( T3)、5.5μg/mL(T4)时测定MAP、HR、BIS值.分别计算每组用异丙酚后各时间点MAP、HR、BIS与麻醉前测定值的差值△.结果:各时间点△MAP、△HR比较,B组最高,(P＜0.01),0组次之(P＜0.05),而A组和AB组无明显差异.△BIS,只有A组在T3和T4时间点大于其它血型组.结论:不同ABO血型病人异丙酚应用效果存在差异.     

Concentrations of propofol in cerebral spinal fluid: target-controlled infusion

Background Although the performance of target-controlled infusion (TCI) have been studied extensively, the accuracy and safety of a TCI system that targets the effect site remains to be demonstrated. This study was to investigate the relations of TCI of propofol to its concentrations in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), the effect-site concentrations and bispectral index (BIS).Methods Twelve mongrel dogs were used for investigations. The target effect-site concentration was set at 3 μg/ml and the infusion was lasted for 15 minutes. CSF and blood samples were then collected and propofol concentrations were determined by using high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. BIS and hemodynamic data were monitored continuously.Results The predicted plasma concentrations were generally overestimated. Median performance error (MDPE) and absolute median performance error (MDAPE) were -10.0% and 29. 9% respectively. Propofol CSF concentrations were much lower than its effect-site concentrations.Changes in BIS were consistent with propofol concentrations in CSF, both of which changed direction at 5 minutes while the effect-site concentrations relatively lagged behind. Better correlation (r^2 =0. 9195) was found between BIS and CSF concentrations, when compared with that between BIS and effect-site concentrations ( r^2 =0. 554).Conclusion With 1% enflurane inhaled, the inconsistency of drug effect to the effect-site concentrations may result from inaccuracy of pharmacokinetic parameters. CSF may show effect-site concentrations more accurately than plasma when using target effect-site concentration infusion.     

瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚静脉靶控输注在老年患者脊柱手术中的应用

目的观察瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚靶控输注(TCI)应用于老年脊柱手术患者的可行性与安全性。方法将80例行脊柱手术患者按年龄分为非老年组(<60岁)和老年组(≥60岁),每组40例。以瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚TCI诱导和维持,分别记录各时间点药物靶浓度及平均动脉压(MAP)和心率;记录患者从停药至自主呼吸恢复、呼之睁眼、拔管、Aldrete评分达9分的时间。结果与非老年组相比,老年组患者在较低的瑞芬太尼(2.5ng/mlvs.4ng/ml)和丙泊酚[(2.88±0.22)μg/mlvs.(3.05±0.32)μg/ml]靶浓度下即可意识消失,维持过程中瑞芬太尼[(1.45±0.18)ng/mlvs.(2.50±0.21)ng/ml]和丙泊酚[(1.68±0.23)μg/mlvs.(2.66±0.31)μg/ml]靶浓度也明显降低(P<0.01)。老年组患者在停药后自主呼吸恢复[(7.77±0.54)minvs.(7.39±0.61)min]、呼之睁眼[(8.35±0.66)minvs.(7.90±0.58)min]、拔管[(9.30±0.97)minvs.(8.49±0.64)min]、Aldrete达9分[(11.13±0.96)minvs.(9.15±0.69)min]的时间均明显延长(P<0.01)。两组患者从意识消失时点起,除插管后2min时点,各时点的MAP均较基础值有明显降低(P<0.05);各时点的心率也较基础值有明显下降(P<0.05)。结论根据年龄因素个体化调整靶控输注瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚,可减轻血流动力学波动,维持麻醉深度稳定并减少药物蓄积带来的苏醒延长。