冠心病患者窦性心率震荡与心率变异性和室性早搏关系的探讨

目的探讨冠心病患者的窦性心率震荡(HRT)及其与心率变异性(HRV)和室性早搏之间的关系。方法86例冠心病患者行24h动态心电图检查,计算机自动测定HRT的两个参数震荡初始(TO)和震荡斜率(TS)、HRV时域和频域指标及室性早搏数目。结果冠心病患者的HRT减弱,HRV降低,且TO与时域指标SDNN和SDANN及频域指标LF和LF/HF明显相关(p<0.05),TS与时域指标SDNN和RMSSD及频域指标HF和LF/HF及室性早搏数目明显相关(p<0.05)。结论冠心病患者的HRT现象减弱,且HRT与HRV及室性早搏数目明显相关。HRT应当是一种较HRV更好预测高危冠心病患者的无创性检查方法。     

46例2型糖尿病患者窦性心率震荡研究

目的探讨窦性心率震荡与2型糖尿病的关系。方法选择2型糖尿病患者46例和正常对照组50例,根据24h动态心电图记录分别计算其窦性心率震荡(HRT)的两个参数指标震荡初始(TO)和震荡斜率(TS)以及HRV中全部NN间期的标准差(SDNN)。结果①2型糖尿病组TO、TS、SDNN阳性检出率均高于正常组。②糖尿病合并慢性并发症组TO高于无慢性并发症组,糖尿病合并慢性并发症组TS低于无慢性并发症组(P<0.05)。结论 2型糖尿病患者HRT减弱或消失、HRV减弱,提示HRT及HRV可以作为动态评价2型糖尿病患者自主神经功能紊乱的一个可靠无创指标。     

急性冠脉综合征患者心率震荡与心率变异特点及相关性分析

目的通过对急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者心率震荡(HRT)、心率变异性(HRV)特点研究,探讨HRT与HRV在不同ACS患者中的特点及HRT与HRV间的相关性。方法ACS患者120例,不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)、ST段抬高性心肌梗死(STEMI)和非ST段抬高性心肌梗死(NSTEMI)患者各40例,选择40名健康人为对照组。所有入选者均行24h动态心电图检查,分别计算HRT指标震荡初始(TO)、震荡斜率(TS)及HRV指标SDNN、RMSSD、PNN50、HF及LF,同时分别研究TO或TS与SDNN、RMSSD、PNN50、HF及LF的相关性。结果与对照组比较,ACS组TO值升高,TS值明显降低(P0.05或P0.01);心率变异指标SDNN、RMSSD、PNN50均较对照组降低(P0.01)。ACS患者行组间比较,3组TO、TS值及RMSSD、PNN50无统计学意义(P0.05),与UAP组比较,STEMI组心率变异指标SDNN降低,两者比较有统计学意义(P0.05)。TO与SDNN、HF、LF分别呈负相关关系,其中与LF关系较为密切(r=-0.544)。TS与SDNN、RMSSD、PNN50、HF和LF分别呈正相关关系,其中与HF的相关性最强(r=0.646)。结论ACS患者心率震荡现象明显减弱,心率变异性明显降低,STEMI患者表现尤为明显;TS主要与心脏迷走神经的张力有关,TO可能与迷走和交感神经的共同调节有关。     

急性心梗患者心率减速力与心率变异性

目的:探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者心率减速力(DC)与心率变异(HRV)、心率震荡(HRT)的相关性.方法62例窦性心律的AMI患者和51例非AMI对照组进行24h动态心电图检查,离线计算DC、HRV时域指标、HRT的两个参数震荡初始(TO)和震荡斜率(TS).结果:AMI患者的DC值、HRV降低;HRT减弱;且DC...     

单纯收缩期高血压患者的心率震荡与心率变异

目的:观察单纯收缩期高血压(ISH)患者的心率震荡(HRT)和心率变异(HRV)的变化。方法:记录24h动态心电图,计算窦性HRT的初始值(TO)和震荡斜率值(TS)以及HRV的SDNN、pNN50和LF/HF,比较ISH组(85例)、普通高血压组(80例),正常对照组(58例)3组之间的差别,分析HRT和HRV之间的相关性。结果:ISH组、普通高血压组的HRT和HRV与正常对照组的HRT和HRV比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),ISH组的TS和LF/HF较普通高血压组明显降低(P<0.05);HRV的各项指标和HRT均有良好的相关性,其中pNN50与HRT相关系数最高。结论:原发性高血压患者有显著的HRT减弱及HRV的异常,其中ISH患者较普通高血压患者更加明显,且HRT与HRV的密切相关,表明心脏自主神经功能紊乱可能对于高血压的发生及预后均有重要影响。     

心率震荡在老年糖尿病患者中的应用

目的观察动态心率震荡(TD)这一新指标在老年糖尿病患者中的变化及其与传统高危预测指标"心率震荡(HRT)和心率变异"的相关性。方法选择45例有室性早搏的老年糖尿病患者(糖尿病组)与45例有室性早搏的非器质性心脏病患者(对照组)接受24小时动态心电图检查,分别计算:心率震荡的震荡初始值(TO)、震荡斜率(TS)、动态心率震荡(TD)及心率变异性时域指标(SDNN)、平均心率,比较两组各指标的差异及相关性。结果糖尿病组TO明显高于对照组,TS和TD低于对照组;糖尿病组各指标相关性分析显示,年龄与平均心率与TO正相关,与TS负相关;TO与SDNN呈负相关,TS与SDNN呈正相关;TO与TS呈负相关;而TD与年龄、平均心率、SDNN均无显著相关性(p0.05)。结论糖尿病组HRT明显减弱,TD、TS值变化更显著,只有TD检测时不受年龄、平均心率等其他因素的影响,具有相对独立性,可提供更客观预测价值,动态心率震荡(TD)可作为老年糖尿病患者自主神经损害评估的又一项新的高效预测指标。     

老年慢性心力衰竭患者心率震荡的临床研究

目的 研究心率震荡(HRT)对老年慢性心力衰竭(心衰)患者的预后判断价值. 方法 110例慢性心衰患者和62例健康对照者均记录临床资料,测量左心室射血分数(LVEF)、心率变异性的时域指标正常心动周期的标准差(SDNN)、平均心率及震荡初始(TO)和震荡斜率(TS).根据TO、TS的组成不同及LVEF分为HRT0、HRT1和HRT2组进行随访,并分析各危险变量对患者死亡的预测价值. 结果慢性心衰患者HRT现象明显减弱[TO:(0.37±1.83)%,TS:(8.58±4.72)mm/RR,P＜0.05];重度慢性心衰患者TS:(7.09±4.51)mm/RR,明显低于轻度慢性心衰患者的TS:(11.02±4.37)mm/RR(P＜0.05).随访(34.0±11.5)个月,26例死亡,84例存活,死亡组TS:(4.64± 2.61)mm/RR,明显低于存活组的(9.30±4.26)mm/RR(P＜0.05);TO与心率变异性(HRV)呈负相关(r=-0.275,P＜0.05),TS与HRV、LVEF呈正相关(r分别为0.391、0.406,P＜0.05),与平均心率呈负相关(r=-0.49,P＜0.05),TO与TS无明显相关(r=-0.185,P＞0.05).单变量分析显示,HRT2具有最强的预测意义;多变量分析显示,LVEF＜40%、HRT2为对终点事件有预测价值的变量(P＜0.05).生存曲线表明,HRT0、HRT1、HRT2组生存状况有差异,HRT2组预后最差.结论 HRT不仅可以作为判断慢性心衰病情严重程度的指标,而且是预测慢性心衰患者预后的指标.     

高血压合并2型糖尿病患者心率震荡的研究

目的探讨窦性心率震荡(HRT)、静息心率(RHR)和心率变异性(HRV)时阈指标(SDNN)在单纯高血压及高血压合并2型糖尿病中的变化及相互关系。方法选择单纯高血压46例、高血压合并2型糖尿病22例和健康人50例,分别为单纯高血压组、高血压合并2型糖尿病组和对照组。根据24h动态心电图记录,分别计算各组HRT的两个参数震荡初始值(TO)和震荡斜率值(TS)以及HRV的全部NN间期的标准差(SDNN)和6:00时的RHR,比较各组间的差别,分析TO、TS与SDNN、RHR之间的相关性。结果高血压合并2型糖尿病组TO、TS、TO+TS、SDNN的阳性检出率均高于单纯高血压组及对照组,组间比较差异有显著意义;RHR值明显高于单纯高血压组及对照组,组间比较差异有显著意义。高血压合并2型糖尿病组TO与SDNN呈负相关,与RHR呈正相关;TS与RHR呈负相关,而与SDNN呈正相关。结论高血压患者特别是合并有2型糖尿病者,HRT减弱及HRV异常,RHR增加,提示HRT及RHR可以作为早期发现高血压或合并2型糖尿病患者心脏自主神经功能紊乱的一个有效的可靠无创指标。     

动态心率震荡与慢性心衰预后指标的相关性

目的观察心率震荡（HRT）的新指标-动态心率震荡（TD）在慢性心力衰竭患者中的变化及HRT各指标与传统高危预测指标的相关性。方法选择55例慢性心衰患者（心衰组）和32例非器质性心脏病患者（对照组）接受24h动态心电图检查,分别计算HRT的震荡初始（TO）、震荡斜率（TS）、动态心率震荡（TD）及心率变异性时域指标SDNN、平均心率及左室射血分数（LVEF）,比较心衰组与对照组HRT各指标的差异,及其与传统高危预测指标的相关性。结果心衰组TO明显高于对照组,TS和TD低于对照组（p〈0.05）;心衰组各指标相关性分析结果显示,年龄和平均心率与TO正相关,与TS负相关;TO与SDNN、LVEF呈负相关,TS与SDNN、LVEF呈正相关（p〈0.05）;TO与TS负相关（p=0.004）;TD与平均心率、SDNN、LVEF均无显著相关性（p〉0.05）。结论心衰组HRT明显减弱,尤以TD和TS变化显著;新指标TD在测量时不受平均心率等因素影响,提示与TO、TS相比,TD可提供更客观预测价值,HRT可作为慢性心衰患者预后评估又一项新的高效预测指标。     

2型糖尿病患者的心率震荡与心率变异

目的：探讨2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者的心率震荡（HRT）和心率变异（HRV）的变化。方法：选择98例T2DM患者为T2DM组,100例非糖尿病患者为正常对照组,对所有研究对象行24 h动态心电图,计算HRT指标震荡初始（TO）、震荡斜率（TS）及HRV指标：24h正常RR间期标准差（SDNN）,两个相邻R-R间期标准差≥50ms的心搏数占总R-R间期数的百分比（PNN50）、低频/高频峰值比（LF/HF）,分析上述指标间的相关性。结果：与正常对照组比较,T2DM组TO[（-4.79±3.98）%比（-1.31±3.95）%]、LF/HF[（2.37±0.96）比（3.64±1.33）]值明显升高,TS[（8.36±4.47）ms比（4.10±4.28）ms],SDNN[（138.46±21.33）ms比（98.79±26.87）ms],PNN50[（12.83±10.91）%比（3.45±2.73）%]明显降低,P〈0.05～0.01;T2DM组TO（75.5%比20.0%）、TS（46.9%比4.0%）、SDNN（30.6%比9.0%）阳性率均明显高于正常对照组（P〈0.05～〈0.01）;HRV的各项指标和HRT均有良好的相关性（r=-0.52～0.54,P〈0.05～〈0.01）。结论：心率震荡和心率变异可作为早期发现2型糖尿病患者心脏植物神经损害的一个有效无创方法。     

Relationship between heart rate turbulence and heart rate, heart rate variability, and number of ventricular premature beats in coronary patients

INTRODUCTION: Heart rate variability (HRV) illustrates regulation of the heart by the autonomic nervous system whereas heart rate turbulence (HRT) is believed to reflect baroreflex sensitivity. The aim of this study was to determine the association between HRT and HRV parameters and the relationship between HRT parameters and heart rate and number of ventricular premature beats (VPBs) used to calculate HRT parameters. METHODS AND RESULTS: In 146 patients (117 males and 29 females; mean age 62 years) with coronary artery disease, a 24-hour ECG Holter monitoring was performed to calculate mean heart rate (RR interval), number of VPBs, time- and frequency-domain HRV parameters and two HRT parameters: turbulence onset (TO) and turbulence slope (TS). Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between tested parameters. Significant correlation between TS and mean RR interval was observed (r = 0.42; p < 0.001), while no association for TO vs. RR interval was found. TS values were significantly higher in patients with less than 10 VPBs/24 hours than in patients with more frequent VPBs. Significant associations between HRT and HRV parameters were found with TS showing stronger correlation with HRV parameters than TO (r value ranging from 0.35 to 0.62 for TS vs. -0.16 to -0.38 for TO). CONCLUSION: HRT parameters correlate strongly with HRV parameters indicating that HRT should be considered as a reflection of both baroreceptors response and overall autonomic tone. Heart rate dependence of turbulence slope indicates the need to adjust this parameter for heart rate.     

急性冠脉综合征患者窦性心率震荡变化特点及其与心率变异性的相关性研究

目的分析急性冠脉综合征（ACS）患者窦性心率震荡（HRT）指标变化特点及其与心率变异性（HRV）的相关性。方法应用相应的分析软件对与59名健康体检者和161例确诊为ACS的患者24h动态心电图检查结果进行分析,检测HRT参数震荡初始（TO）、震荡斜率（TS）和HRV时域指标24h正常RR间期标准差（SDNN）、全程相邻窦性R—R间期之差的均方根值（rMSSD）、相邻正常RR间期差值〉50ms的心搏数占总RR间期数的百分比（PNN50）。将ACS组分为不稳定型心绞痛（UAP）组和急性心肌梗死（AMI）组,比较HRT、HRV指标和HRT异常的发生率在各组间的差异,进一步探讨ACS患者HRT和HRV指标相关性。结果与健康对照组比较,UAP组及AMI组TO明显增高,TS显著降低（均P〈0．01）;UAP组及AMI组间TO和TS无显著差异。UAP组及AMI组HRT异常率较对照组显著升高（X^2=5．385,P〈0．05;r=9．227,P=0．01）。UAP组及AMI组HRV指标SDNN、rMSSD、PNN50较对照组显著降低（均P〈0．01）,AMI组SDNN较UAP组降低（P〈0．05）,rMSSD、PNN50差异无统计学意义。ACS患者的TO与SDNN呈负相关（r=-0．26,P=0．031）,与rMSSD、PNN50不相关,TS与SDNN、PNN50、RMSSD呈正相关,其中和SDNN的相关性最强（r=0．301,P=0．047）。结论HRT可作为ACS危险分层的一项新的心电学筛选指标。ACS患者HRT、HRV变化从不同方面反映心脏迷走神经的功能受损,二者互相联系又相互独立。     

PCI对急性冠脉综合征患者心率变异性的影响

目的观察PCI术对急性冠脉综合征患者心率震荡(HRT)与心率变异性(HRV)的影响。方法选择接受PCI的ACS患者126例,按冠脉造影结果分为中度狭窄(管腔直径狭窄70%～90%)及重度狭窄(管腔直径狭>90%)组。分析其PCI术前及术后1周、3个月HRT指标震荡初始(TO)、震荡斜率(TS)及HRV指标(SDNN、SDANN及RMSSD)。结果 PCI术后1周HRT较术前明显改善(p<0.01);HRV参数与术前比较无显著差异(p>0.05)。PCI术后3个月,HRT较术前明显改善(p<0.01)但与术后1周无显著差异(p>0.05);HRV参数较术前及术后1周均明显降低(p<0.01)。PCI术前重度狭窄组TO值较中度狭窄者升高(p<0.05),TS值较中度狭窄者明显降低(p<0.01),而SDNN、SDANN及RMSSD均较中度狭窄者明显降低(p<0.01)。PCI术后3个月重度狭窄组HRT及SDNN、SDANN、RMSSD与中度狭窄组比较仍有显著差异性(p<0.05)。结论 HRT及HRV异常与ACS患者病情的严重程度密切相关。HRT及HRV对急性冠脉综合征再灌注治疗后血流的恢复情况具有近期及远期预测价值,可望在临床上做为一种有效无创方法评价PCI的疗效及预后。     

Restoration of heart rate turbulence by titrated beta-blocker therapy in patients with advanced congestive heart failure: positive correlation with enhanced vagal modulation of heart rate

INTRODUCTION: Heart rate turbulence (HRT) is a powerful novel predictor for cardiovascular mortality. Chronic congestive heart failure is associated with abnormal HRT. Whether antiadrenergic beta-blocker therapy can restore control of HRT in patients with chronic congestive heart failure is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: A 24-hour Holter ECG recording was obtained before and 1 and 3 months after titrated addition of atenolol therapy in 10 consecutive patients with advanced congestive heart failure. Two parameters derived from HRT, turbulence slope (TS) and turbulence onset (TO), and time- and frequency-domain heart rate variability (HRV) parameters (SDNN, RMSSD, VLF, LF, HF) from 24-hour ECG were compared before and after beta-blocker therapy, together with the same parameters in age-matched normal control. Results showed that TS (3.1 +/- 2.2 vs 6.2 +/- 3.0; P = 0.001) and all HRV parameters were increased after 3 months of atenolol treatment. No changes in TO were evident (0.6 +/- 0.5 vs -0.2 +/- 1.3; P = 0.13). The improvement of TS and the vagally mediated parameters of mean R-R interval, RMSSD, and the HF component of HRV were positively correlated. CONCLUSION: Abnormal HRT caused by chronic congestive heart failure can be restored by beta-blocker therapy. The evolution of TS was positively correlated with measures of vagal modulation of heart rate.     

Heart rate turbulence and heart rate variability in patients with mitral valve prolapse.

AIMS: Heart rate turbulence (HRT) and heart rate variability (HRV) have been shown to be independent and powerful predictors of mortality in a specific group of cardiac patients. However, the predictive values of HRV alone is modest and information on HRV in patients with mitral valve prolapse (MVP) has so far been conflicting. In addition, no studies have previously evaluated HRT in patients with MVP. To define better the effects of MVP on cardiac autonomic function, we assessed HRT and time-domain parameters of HRV in patients with MVP. METHODS AND RESULTS: Fifty patients with MVP and 70 controls without MVP were investigated. The diagnosis of MVP was confirmed by cross-sectional echocardiography in the parasternal long-axis view and apical 4-chamber view. The HRV and turbulence analysis were assessed from a 24-hour Holter recording. When HRT parameters were compared, the values of the HRT onset and slope were significantly lower in MVP patients than in the controls group (-0.109+/-0.207 vs. -0.289+/-0.170%, P=0.001 and 8.6+/-7.2 vs. 11.5+/-7.4 ms/RRI, P=0.043, respectively) and the number of patients who had abnormal HRT onset was significantly higher in the MVP group than in controls (15 vs. 8, P=0.011). In addition, HRV parameters were not statistically different between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Although we found that the decrease in HRV parameters was not significantly different between MVP patients and controls, HRT variables (especially HRT onset) were significantly lower in MVP patients. Therefore, in our opinion, HRT is an attractive, easily applicable, and better way of non-invasive risk prediction compared with another non-invasive risk predictor, HRV.     

冠心病患者冠脉动脉病变严重程度与心率震荡斜率相关

目的评价冠心病与心率震荡、心率变异的关系。方法对20例经冠脉造影术确诊的冠心病患者,20例高血压患者（经冠脉造影术排除冠心病）与20例正常体检者进行心率变异指标和心率震荡参数比较。并对冠脉病变与各项指标进行线性回归分析,进一步评价心率变异、心率震荡指标与冠脉病变程度的相关性。结果冠心病患者组心率变异指标SDNN（100±7）ms、SDNNI（39±3）ms和心率震荡参数TS（3.0±2.3）均低于正常体检组的SDNN（131±6）ms、SDNNI（53±3）ms、TS（6.7±1.3）（P<0.01）,而高血压患者组仅SDNN（109±6）ms、SDNNI（44±3）ms低于正常体检组（P<0.05）;研究还发现冠心病组TS（3.0±2.3）低于高血压组TS（6.0±1.6）（P<0.01）。对冠脉病变与各项检测指标进行线性回归分析后发现,TS与冠脉的狭窄程度呈负相关（r=-0.61,P<0.01）,与冠脉病变评分呈负相关（r=-0.462,P<0.05）。将冠脉按照病变程度进行分组发现,冠状动脉病变狭窄程度≥50%的TS值显著变小（P<0.01）,多支病变的TS明显变小（P<0.05）,冠脉病变评分高于10分组TS值显著变小（P<0.05）。结论冠心病患者的心率震荡参数TS显著减小,并且TS与冠状动脉粥样硬化严重程度有一定相关性。     

Heart rate turbulence and left ventricular ejection fraction in Chagas disease.

AIMS: Chagas disease patients often present premature ventricular complexes (PVCs), depression of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and autonomic dysfunction, which is generally evaluated by heart rate variability (HRV) analysis. As frequent PVCs may complicate HRV computation, we measured heart rate turbulence (HRT) and evaluated the correlation between ejection fraction and HRT or HRV in Chagas disease. METHODS: We studied 30 patients (47+/-11 years, 20 men) with Chagas cardiomyopathy and left ventricular dilatation who underwent clinical evaluation, ejection fraction (EF: 45+/-14%) determination and 24-h Holter monitoring (median PVC=1781). In all patients, the standard deviation of normal RR intervals (SDNN), the square root of the mean square differences of successive RR intervals (RMSSD) and values of turbulence onset (TO) and turbulence slope (TS) were calculated. RESULTS: HRT indices were independent of mean RR interval and presented high correlation with EF: TO (-0.11+/-0.01%, r=-0.60, P<0.001) and TS (5.8+/-3.7 ms/RR-interval, r=0.73, P<0.001). Of HRV parameters, only SDNN, corrected for mean RR interval, showed a weak but not significant correlation with EF (r=0.41). The comparison of HRT/EF and HRV/EF correlation coefficients, indicated the presence of a significant difference (P=0.017). CONCLUSIONS: HRT indices appear to correlate better with EF than SDNN in Chagas disease. Thus, an analysis based on heart rate transient adaptation seems to perform better than HRV in detecting the autonomic alterations that parallel left ventricular dysfunction in Chagas disease patients. The high number of PVCs observed in these patients further support the use of HRT methodology.