后进警察人格状况调查

目的 了解后进警察的人格状况.方法 采用卡特尔16项人格问卷(16PF)人格测量量表对后进警察进行个性特征测试.结果 后进警察总体上看存在一定的个性心理问题,心理健康也存在一定的问题.结论 应当采取必要的措施,加强警察的心理招募和心理筛选工作,强化警察的个性心理素质和心理健康训练.     

某市在招募警察中应用MMPI的随访研究

目的:探讨招募警察报名者的人格特征,为录取新警察提供决策的依据。方法:对某市1989至2004年报考警察的9096名应试者的MMPI测查结果进行分析,并对录取者和未被录取者追踪随访。结果:男性未被录取者MMPI的疑病(61.92±10.01/45.37±6.61,t=8.76)、抑郁、癔病、精神病态(58.66±10.12/43.25±7.64,t=6.45)、妄想狂(61.59±12.69/46.62±8.12,t=5.85)、精神衰弱(65.66±6.12/44.36±6.35,t=11.32)、精神分裂症(65.36±7.85/44.56±6.59,t=11.46)、轻躁狂、社会内向(59.64±10.01/43.11±10.82,t=5.27)中国T分数高于男性录取者(均P<0.01),说谎、校正分低于男性录取者(t=4.35.4.23,P<0.01);女性未被录取者诈病、疑病、精神衰弱(60.86±3.67/42.24±8.17,t=3.79)、精神分裂症(68.95±3.02/45.20±8.19,t=4.96)、轻躁狂(63.48±4.08/50.07±9.20,t=2.48)社会内向(59.54±8.85/38.49±12.62,t=2.27)中国T分高于女性录取者。至2004年,追踪随访16年间,录取组无一例发生精神疾病。对1989年至1990年度未被录取者70名中予以线索调查,随访43人。有2人因患精神分裂症已住精神病院治疗。结论:本文资料说明MMPI能够有效筛查出有/或潜在有精神障碍的受试者,MMPI在警察招录中有一定的参考价值,值得推广。     

年轻警察卡特尔16种人格因素测验调查

目的了解年轻警察的人格状况。方法采用卡特尔16种人格因素测验（16FP）对年轻警察进行个性特征测试。结果年轻警察M、O、Q1、Q4因素的均分显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）,心理不健康者占总数的25.00%,被试总体85.00%没有成就、70.00%无创造力、15.00%从事专业或训练成功的可能性很小。结论应当采取必要的措施,加强对年轻警察的心理干预,强化个性心理素质和心理健康训练。     

支气管哮喘患者人格特征与防御机制

目的 探讨支气管哮喘患者不同于健康人的人格特征以及心理防御机制。方法 选取住院哮喘患者68例,接受16PF问卷测试。结果 男性哮喘患者与一般男性相比,在G因素的得分偏向高分一端,在A、E、L等因素的得分偏向低分一端;女性哮喘患者与一般女性相比,在Q4因素的得分偏向高分一端,在B、Q2得分偏向低分一端。在X3方面,男性哮喘患者得分高于均值,女性哮喘患者在X1方面得分高于均值,男、女患者在X4方面得分均低于均值。结论 帮助患者克服心理上的弱点,进行人格特征的重建．以成熟的防御机制面对社会、人生。     

警察院校大学生心理健康水平与人格特征的研究

目的探讨警察院校大学生心理健康水平和人格特征。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)及艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)．对浙江、四川所警察院校403名在校学生进行测查。结果①有轻度以上心理问题的学生占55．830;②学生的神经质、精神质与内外向人格特征为中间型,但较为纯朴;③SCL-90与EPQ得分的相关分析表明,学生中情绪越不稳定和精神质越明显者,倾向于出现更多的心理健康问题,性格越内向心理健康问题越突出。结论 ①警察院校大学生存在程度较轻,怛较为广泛的心理健康问题;②警察院校大学生的人格是健全的;③必须重视警察院校大学生心理健康教育和良好的人格培养。     

大学生主动性人格与职业决策困难的关系:领悟社会支持与基本心理需要的中介作用

目的:考察大学生主动性人格、领悟社会支持、基本心理需要满足、职业决策困难的关系。方法:采用主动性人格量表、领悟社会支持量表、基本心理需要满足量表以及职业决策困难量表对574名大学生进行测量。结果:①相关分析表明,主动性人格与领悟社会支持、基本心理需要满足呈显著正相关(r=0.46,0.63;P0.01),与大学生职业决策困难呈显著负相关(r=-0.40,P0.01);②结构方程模型分析表明,主动性人格对职业决策困难直接效应显著,领悟社会支持、基本心理需要满足在主动性人格与大学生职业决策困难之间起中介作用,效应量分别为25%和18.3%,同时领悟社会支持-基本心理需要满足的链式中介效应也显著,效应量为5%。结论:主动性人格可以直接预测大学生职业决策困难,又可通过领悟社会支持与基本心理需要满足间接影响大学生职业决策困难。     

树木人格测验在医务人员人格测评中的应用

目的分析医务人员艾森克人格问卷及树木人格投射测验的绘画特征,为医务人员心理干预提供依据。方法使用艾森克人格问卷和树木人格投射测验对北京市三级、二级医院302名医务人员实施测量,进行常模比较和相关分析。结果与华北地区常模相比,医务人员表现出低纯朴性(男:t=4.12,P<0.01;女:t=9.36,P<0.01),高精神质(女:t=2.18,P<0.05)的人格特征;医务人员在树木人格投射测验的树冠、茂盛度、树枝等9类指标中表现出攻击性特征且与P量表分呈显著正相关(r=0.40,P<0.01);P分量表高分者与低分者攻击性差异显著(t=23.62,P<0.01)。结论树木人格测验在医务人员人格测评中有较高的应用价值,医务人员具有高精神质人格特征,在树木投射测验中表现出高攻击性等特征。     

维、汉两族广泛性焦虑患者人格特征研究

目的探讨维、汉两族广泛性焦虑患者临床特征及人格特征的差异。方法采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMA)和明尼苏达多项人格调查表(MMPI)对维族56例、汉族83例广泛性焦虑患者进行测试。结果维族组HAMA中睡眠障碍因子分、认知障碍因子分明显高于汉族组(t=1.873,P<0.05;t=3.245,P<0.01)。MMPI测试两组有8个量表T分同时高于70分,6个量表T分同时低于70分,且维族组校正分量表分值(K)低于汉族组(t=2.126,P<0.05),轻躁狂量表分值高于汉族组(t=2.366,P<0.05)。结论民族文化对广泛性焦虑发病规律、临床特征有影响,对人格特征影响很小,不同民族广泛性焦虑具有共同的人格特征。     

抑郁症临床特征和人格类型研究

目的探讨抑郁症的人格和临床亚型,为预后及治疗方法的选择提供参考。方法对90例抑郁症患者进行明尼苏达多相人格测验(MMPI)测试,采用纪术茂等编制的MMPI-B自动分析系统进行统计分析。结果 1床量表显示:男女抑郁症患者得分最高量表为D;其中Hs、D、Hy、Pt的均分均大于60分,T分(年龄回归T)主要编码型为23/32;男女性患者的差异在于男性患者还伴有病态人格的高分,女性患者还伴男-女性化、社会内向的高分;2内容与附加量表显示:男女抑郁症患者MAS、DEP的均分均大于60分,Es得分均较低;3临床量表,内容量表、附加量表因子分析结果显示抑郁症患者可能具有抑制、动力缺乏型,激越型及以躯体症状为主的隐匿型3种临床亚型。结论抑郁症男、女患者的心理特征既有相同又有不同。     

鲁迅人格的心理传记学研究

目的:通过心理传记学研究探讨鲁迅的主要人格特点.方法:采用人格形容词评定法、聚类分析等量的研究和心理传记分析法等质的研究相结合的研究方法.结果:①采用人格形容词评定法与聚类分析得出鲁迅"独立自强"、"自尊坚定"、"孤独激进"三个主要人格特质;②心理传记分析法发现,早期童年经历、青少年期的同一性危机、潜意识层面的自卑情结是鲁迅人格形成和发展的重要原因.结论:鲁迅人格的形成和发展是早期经验、家庭地位、社会经验以及当时的社会环境等诸多因素交互影响的结果.     

A profile of male and female applicants for a special college program for learning-disabled students

Intellectual, achievement, and personality profiles were developed for a sample of 245 applicants to a special college program for learning-disabled students. Only 15% of the applicants had WAIS IQs above 115; the most depressed subtests were Arithmetic, Digit Span, Information, Vocabulary, and Digit Symbol. For both sexes, mean WRAT reading levels were higher than spelling and arithmetic (roughly seventh- vs. sixth-grade competence). Although the male applicants (N = 174) had significantly higher WAIS Verbal IQs than the female applicants (N = 71), their WRAT spelling achievement levels were significantly lower. A higher percentage of the females than males exhibited specific arithmetic disability. For both sexes, but more robustly for females, specific arithmetic disability was associated with more elevated MMPI profiles. Dyslexic students, by contrast, admitted to fewer problem areas on the MMPI. Relatively few applicants had MMPI scaled scores greater than or equal to 70.     

MMPI profile predictors for successful and expired open heart surgery patients.

A total of 31 patients (17 females, 14 males) who were scheduled for open heart surgery were administered an MMPI within 1 week prior to surgery. Of the 31 patients, 20 (13 females, 7 males) survived and 11 (4 females and 7 males) did not survive the operation. MMPI scale T-score comparisons were made within sex between survivors and nonsurvivors. Surviving and expired males did not differ on any MMPI scales, while expired females had much higher average scale 1 and 3 elevations than did their surviving counterparts (p less than .05). Subsequent comparisons of expired and surviving female patients with 1-3 profiles revealed that females with 1-3 profiles who expired had a higher average L scale T-score and a lower average scale 6 T-score (p less than .05). Cutting scores established to divide 1-3 female profiles into success and expired groups yielded two results: (1) an L scale T-score of 50 or above identified 100% of the expired females while it generated 40% false positives and no false negatives; and (2) a scale 6 T-score of 57 and below identified 100% of the expired females while it generated no false negatives and no false positives. These results are consistent with previous research and may be used to predict mortality for prospective female open heart surgery patients with implications for psychotherapeutic assistance prior to surgery to increase prospects for success.     

MMPI, personality dysfunction and the dexamethasone suppression test in major depression

In this study we examined the relationship of psychopathology and personality dysfunction to neuroendocrine functioning. MMPI profiles were examined for 30 psychiatric inpatients with major depression who were suppressors (60%) and nonsuppressors (40%) on the dexamethasone suppression test. There were no differences between suppressors and nonsuppressors on any of the MMPI scales or on DSM-III Axis-II diagnosis. When subdivided according to T-score elevations above 70 on MMPI scales 4 and 6, or 4 and 9, 30% of the sample, however, met criteria for personality dysfunction. Furthermore, a significantly higher proportion of suppressors (50%) evidenced personality dysfunction than did the nonsuppressors (8%). This suggests that certain MMPI scales are able to identify a subgroup of depressed patients with personality disturbances who also have a hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal dysfunction.     

中医专业研究生明尼苏达多相人格与五态人格关系

目的 评价中医临床专业研究生明尼苏达多项人格和五态人格特点及其相关性,探讨解决中医专业研究生心理问题的对策.方法 以明尼苏达多项人格测试量表(MMPI)和中医五态人格测验表为研究工具,对北京中医药大学东方医院4个年级(2007～2010级)的全部硕士研究生进行问卷调查,并对问卷结果进行统计学分析.结果 ①中医专业研究生存在心理问题,心理状态异常发生率为35.59％；男性研究生轻躁狂症(Ma)量表得分显著低于女性研究生(Z=-3.628,P＜0.001)；②中医专业研究生五态人格的各个维度得分均显著低于全国教育程度常模(t=-17.92,-3.21,-3.62,-3.47,-11.13;P＜0.01)；③数据经Spearman相关分析后表明,少阴(Syi)与疑病症(Hs)、精神分裂(Sc)、轻躁狂症(Ma)显著负相关(P＜0.05)；Logistic逐步回归分析表明,太阴(Tyi)进入心理状态异常回归方程(P＜0.01).结论 中医专业研究生存在心理问题,其五态人格和MMPI人格具有相关性,应结合研究生心理状态特点,有针对性地对中医临床专业研究生进行引导教育,提升其心理素质.     

A comparative analysis of primary anorexics and schizophrenics on the MMPI

Although only a very small number of studies have described personality testing in primary anorexia nervosa (patients), they seem to suggest a deeper personality disturbance than commonly suggested by psychiatric interview. These results represent an attempt to define the contribution of psychological test data to differential diagnosis and personality organization in primary anorexia nervosa. Fourteen female schizophrenic and 14 female anorexic patients were compared on the MMPI. No significant differences were found on any of the validity or clinical scales. A product-moment correlation between the two profiles, obtained via a measure of distance between profiles, revealed remarkable similarities in their overall profiles (D² = 0.83). The Depression, Psychopathic Deviate, Psychasthenia, Paranoia and Schizophrenia scales occupied the first five rankings for both groups (although in a different order) and were elevated over a T-score of 70 (for the anorexics, the Psychopathic Deviate scale score approached 70). The results are consistent with the few studies that utilized psychodiagnostic tests with anorexics and that point to extremely poor personality integration and to a more serious disorder than a neurotic disturbance.     

狱中女犯MMPI测试结果的聚类分析

罪犯群体具有各异的心理状态 ,有的显示特殊人格。据国内外有关报道 ,罪犯中有 4 0 %～ 6 0 %诊断为人格障碍[1- 5] ,说明人格在犯罪行为中起着重大作用。既往大多是对犯罪群体人格的研究 ,关于犯罪群体内的人格差异 ,研究较少 ,仅个别研究对青少年犯群体内的人格差异作过一些探讨[6 ,7] 。本文拟对成年女犯群体通过聚类分析进行分型 ,并比较各型之间人格差异 ,为预测女性犯罪和改造罪犯提供理论依据。1　对象和方法1.1　对象抽取山东省某女子监狱具有初中以上文化程度的女犯 2 0 0名进行调查 ,为保证资料的可靠性 ,凡空题超过 2 2个条目或…     

55对独生与多生子女MMPI配对研究

按同班、同性别、学号最邻近１：１配对原则从１６～１８岁青少年中选出５５对（男３４，女２１）独生与多生子女作为被试。ＭＭＰＩ测试结果：各量表Ｔ值，男性两组间无显著性差异；女性Ｋ量表独生组高于多生组，Ｄ和Ｓｉ两量表独生组低于多生组，其余１１项量表两组间亦无显著性差异。提示：总体上独生与多生子女间无显著个性差异，但独生女与多生女间有所差别。     

警校大学生人格特点调查分析

目的探讨警校大学生人格特点，为培养警校大学生良好的人格素质提供依据。方法采用卡特尔16种人格问卷（16PF）对137名警校大学生进行测试。结果警校男生乐群性、聪慧性、兴奋性、敢为性显著高于男大学生常模，有恒性、怀疑性、忧虑性、实验性、独立性、世故性、敏感性显著低于男大学生常模。警校女生乐群性、兴奋性、敢为性显著高于女大学生常模，稳定性、有恒性、怀疑性、幻想性、忧虑性、实验性、独立性显著低于女大学生常模。警校男生乐群性、敏感性、忧虑性显著低于女生，稳定性、恃强性、独立性显著高于女生。结论警校大学生有较好的人格特征，并表现出了明显的性别差异。     

Validation of MMPI profile subtypes among opioid addicts who are beginning methadone maintenance treatment

The purpose of the present research was (1) to examine the stability of MMPI subtypes within a VA drug abusing population; and (2) to provide external validation for these subtypes. The MMPI was administered to 107 male veterans who were entering methadone maintenance treatment. Normal sphere personality characteristics, sociodemographic information, and self- and interviewer ratings were collected by use of the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) and the Addiction Severity Index (ASI). Using D2 analysis, each MMPI profile was compared to the mean profile for three MMPI profile clusters obtained by Roszell, Chaney, and Blaes (1983) on a previous sample. Normal, psychoneurotic, and schizoid profiles were found in percentages similar to Roszell et al. The normal cluster was divided into two groups with and without T score elevations above 70 on the clinical scales. The normal group with profile elevations was similar to profile groups labeled as psychopathic in previous research. The four MMPI profile subtypes were compared on the 16PF and the ASI. The psychoneurotic and schizoid groups demonstrated higher levels of emotional distress and psychiatric difficulty than did the normal or psychopathic groups. The psychopathic and schizoid groups had more legal problems than the other two groups; the normal group had less evidence of marital and family problems.     

疑病性神经症患者个性特征分析

目的 探讨疑病性神经症患者的人格特征,为临床心理干预提供参考依据.方法 采用MMIP量表对46例疑病性神经症患者进行测试,与中国常模比较.结果 疑病性神经症患者的MMPI分值以Hs、D、Hy、Pt最高,呈1-2-3-7型图形(P＜0.05～0.01);另有Pd、Pa和Sc量表也明显高于常模(P＜0.05～0.01).男女之间比较女性Hs、D、Hy、Mf和Pt显著高于男性组(P＜0.05～0.01).结论 疑病性神经症的发生与个性基础有关,MMIP对辅助评价疑病性神经症患者的人格特征有重要意义.