A longitudinal study of thought disorder in manic patients

To study the persistence of thought disorder in manic patients, 34 manic patients were compared with 30 schizophrenic and 30 nonpsychotic patients on four indexes of thought pathology at two phases of disorder: during the acute inpatient phase and one year after hospitalization. Patients were also compared with a control sample of 34 normal subjects. The data indicated that during the acute in hospital phase, both manic and schizophrenic patients were severely thought disordered; at follow-up, a subsample of manic patients showed severe thought disorder; despite the severe thought disorder found at follow-up in some manic and schizophrenic patients, both groups showed a significant reduction of thought pathology at follow-up; and there was a trend for a larger reduction of thought disorder in manic than in schizophrenic patients. The difference, however, was not significant when initial levels of severity were controlled.     

Adult onset Niemann-Pick type C disease: A clinical, neuroimaging and molecular genetic study.

We report on a patient with adult-onset Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease, carrying the mutations P1007 and I1061T in the NPC1 gene, presenting with marked psychiatric changes followed by dystonia and cognitive impairment. Filipin staining, single photon emission computed tomography perfusional, positron emission tomography metabolic, conventional magnetic resonance imaging, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings suggested a pathophysiological correlation with phenotype expression. This case expands the clinical and genetic spectrum of the rare adult-onset NPC disease phenotype.     

Erythrocyte soluble catechol-O-methyl transferase activity in primary affective disorder. A clinical and genetic study.

Erythrocyte catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) activity was studied in 53 patients with primary affective disorders and 38 controls and in selected relatives. Patients with affective disorders tended to have higher activity levels than normals, after correcting for sex differences. The COMT activity was positively correlated between relatives and is heritable. Within families, elevation of COMT activity distingushed healthy relatives from probands and ill relatives. This suggests that COMT activity elevation and affective illness do not show independent assortment and implies that COMT activity identifies genetic vulnerability to affective order.     

Schizo-affective psychoses in childhood: A follow-up study

A follow-up study of 16 schizo-affectives (part of a group of 57 children originally diagnosed as schizophrenic) is reported. All 57 patients were under 14 years. They were reinvestigated after an average follow-up period of 16 years (range 6 to 40 years). Of the 57 psychoses 28% had a typical schizoaffective character. In contrast to purely schizophrenic psychoses, we found an overrepresentation in the schizo-affective psychoses of affective psychoses and suicides in the ancestry. Further, in the schizo-affective psychoses there were more premorbidly well adjusted, harmonious personalities. In contrast, maladjusted, dishormonious, introverted characters predominated in purely schizophrenic psychoses. The schizo-affective psychoses had mainly an acute-recurrent character and followed a favorable course. The schizoaffective and affective phases were of significantly shorter duration than the schizophrenic episodes.     

碳酸锂单用与合并阿立哌唑治疗双相障碍I型躁狂发作患者的随机对照研究

目的:探讨碳酸锂单用及合并阿立哌唑治疗双相障碍I型躁狂发作患者的疗效和安全性。方法:86例门诊双相障碍I型躁狂发作患者被随机分为联合组(碳酸锂+阿立哌唑治疗)和单药组(碳酸锂单药治疗),疗程8周。分别在治疗前、治疗2、4、8周进行杨氏躁狂量表(YMRS)和汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)-17项评定,采用治疗中出现的症状量表(TESS)评定不良反应。结果:治疗前两组YMRS评分差异无统计学意义;治疗2、4、8周后联合组YMRS减分值明显高于对照组(P0.05或P0.01);治疗前后两组HAMD均7分;两组TESS评分差异无统计学意义。结论:碳酸锂联合阿立哌唑治疗双相障碍I型躁狂发作较单用碳酸锂起效快,症状改善更明显,且未见不良反应明显增加。     

Primary affective disorder, aggression, and criminality. A review and clinical study

Aggressive and criminal behavior among patients with manic and depressive conditions has been in need of greater delineation, particularly since the advent of current pharmacotherapies. This report reviews the literature on aggression and criminality among bipolar and unipolar patients and the nature and occurrence of these conditions among criminal and unprosecuted offender populations, and presents a study of 100 consecutive prisoners (89 women, 11 men) referred for psychiatric evaluation. It is hypothesized that manic and depressive states are underdiagnosed in prison populations, particularly among female prisoners. A comparatively high incidence (10%) of primary affective disorder was found in this study; possible causes of the hypothesized underdiagnosis are discussed.     

A clinical, genetic, and neuropathologic study in a family with 16q-linked ADCA type III

Presented is the new kindred with autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia linked to chromosome 16q22.1 (16q-ADCA type III) associated with progressive hearing loss. By haplotype analysis, the critical interval was slightly narrowed to three megabase regions between GATA01 and D16S3095. Neuropathologic study of 16q-ADCA type III demonstrated characteristic shrinkage of Purkinje cell bodies surrounded by synaptophysin-immunoreactive amorphous material containing calbindin- and ubiquitin-positive granules.     

Brain computed tomography in geriatric manic disorder.

BACKGROUND: Excess brain changes in geriatric manic patients have been hypothesized. Few neuroimaging studies are available. METHODS: Brain computed tomography scans in geriatric patients with manic disorder (n = 30) were compared to those in same-age control subjects (n = 18). Ratings of cortical sulcal widening (CSW), lateral ventricle-brain ratio (VBR), and related linear measures were determined. RESULTS: Patients had greater CSW scores (Exact p = .002) and VBR (t = 2.51, df = 46, p < .02) compared to control subjects. CSW was positively associated with age at illness onset (rs = .46, p < .01) and age at first manic episode (rs = .53, p < .005). VBR was poorly correlated with CSW and was not associated with these indices of illness course. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the need for further investigation of relationships between brain structure and clinical features in geriatric mania.     

Sporadic fatal insomnia with clinical,laboratory, and genetic findings

A 75-year-old man presented with a three-year history of progressively worsening insomnia and dementia. His mother and older sister had similar disorders. On initial examination, he was awake, apathetic, and disoriented but had no focal neurological deficits. Electroencephalography showed diffuse background slowing with neither periodic discharge nor sleeping activity. A single-photon emission CT scan showed significantly reduced cerebral perfusion in bilateral thalami, basal ganglia, and limbic cortices. In the late stage of his illness, he developed sphincter dysfunction. Laboratory studies showed increased T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes and reduced cortisol level. Cerebrospinal fluid 14-3-3 protein was absent. Genetic evaluations failed to show the aspartate to asparagine point mutation at codon 178 but disclosed an asparagine to serine substitution at codon 171 in one allele and a deletion of 24 base pairs in the other allele in the human prion protein gene. These findings led to a diagnosis of sporadic fatal insomnia, which is a recently described prion disease.     

躯体化障碍的临床特征、治疗及临床转归的研究

目的 探讨综合医院中躯体化障碍患者的临床特点、治疗与症状转归情况.方法 对符合CCMD-3躯体化障碍诊断标准的155例患者用自编调查表对患者一般资料进行调查.应用躯体形式障碍症状筛查量表(SOMS-7)评定临床症状,抑郁自评量表(SDS)和焦虑自评量表(SAS)评价情绪状况.给予小剂量SSRI类或SNRI类抗抑郁药物治...     

Outcome in manic disorders. A naturalistic follow-up study

To study outcome in manic patients treated under routine clinical conditions, 73 manic and 66 unipolar depressed patients were followed up 1.7 years after hospitalization. A surprisingly large percentage of manic patients showed difficulty in post-hospital adjustment, and over 40% experienced a manic syndrome during the follow-up period. Manic patients showed poorer outcomes than did unipolar depressives. Manic patients taking lithium carbonate did not show better outcome than those not taking lithium carbonate. The results suggest (1) many hospitalized manic patients have a severe, recurrent, and pernicious disorder; and (2) in routine clinical practice, lithium carbonate treatment is an effective prophylaxis for fewer than the 70% to 80% of manic patients previously reported.     

广泛性焦虑遗传效应和遗传方式研究

目的探讨广泛性焦虑的遗传效应和遗传方式. 方法对80例符合中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准第3版广泛性焦虑诊断标准的患者,应用家族史法进行研究,采用分离分析法和多基因阈值理论进行遗传模式的探讨. 结果广泛性焦虑患者一级亲属发病危险性显著较对照组高(P＜0.01);广泛性焦虑校正分离率为0.225,与常染色体隐性遗传的分离率0.25相比较,差异无显著性(P＞0.05);广泛性焦虑加权平均遗传率和标准误为(61.70±5.10)%;一级亲属的预期发病率为8.9%,实际发病率为7.5%,二者差异无显著性(P＞0.05). 结论广泛性焦虑具有遗传效应,其遗传方式符合常染色体隐性遗传或多基因遗传.     

奥卡西平和碳酸锂治疗双相障碍躁狂发作患者的对照研究

目的：比较奥卡西平和碳酸锂治疗双相障碍躁狂发作的疗效和安全性。方法：70例双相障碍躁狂发作患者随机分为奥卡西平组和碳酸锂组各35例,分别给予奥卡西平和碳酸锂治疗8周。以Bech-Rafaelsen躁狂量表（BRMS）、临床疗效总评量表-病情严重程度（CGI-SI）以及治疗中出现的症状量表（TESS）评定疗效及不良反应。结果：两组治疗后BRMS、CGI-SI评分均较治疗前显著下降（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;两组间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;两组不良反应均为轻度。结论：奥卡西平治疗双相障碍躁狂发作的疗效与碳酸锂相当,不良反应轻。     

利培酮与氟哌啶醇治疗双相躁狂的对照研究

目的比较利培酮与氟哌啶醇治疗双相躁狂的疗效和安全性。方法82例双相躁狂患者随机分配至利培酮组和氟哌啶醇组,在治疗前、治疗第1周末、第2周末、第4周末分别进行Bech-Rafaelsen躁狂量表(BRMS)、不良反应症状量表(TESS)、锥体外系副反应量表(RSESE)评定。结果利培酮组患者有效率为82．5%,氟哌啶醇组为80．9%；与药物有关的不良事件发生率：利培酮组为57．5%,氟哌啶醇组为66．7%；两组差异无统计学意义(P＞0．05)。利培酮组锥体外系反应的发生率(40%)明显低于氟哌啶醇组(57%),差异有统计学意义(P=0．039)。结论利培酮单药治疗双相躁狂的疗效与氟哌啶醇相当,且锥体外系不良反应少于氟哌啶醇。