吃主食护大肠

英国剑桥大学最近在一项研究中,分析了10多个国家的人的饮食习惯和癌症之间的关系,结果发现,食用淀粉类食物越多,小肠、结肠和直肠癌的发病率越低.比如,以肉类食物为主食的澳大利亚人,结肠癌发病率是以淀粉类食物为主食的中国人的4倍.     

凉菜拌出夏日风情

不知不觉又进入了夏季,南方的潮湿,北方的燥热,常常使人食欲不振,精神委靡,尤其是对于康复期的病友来说,怎一个"热"字了得.夏季的饮食调养,应选择清凉爽口、少油腻、易消化的食物.这时从配角一跃成为主角的凉菜就闪亮登场了,不论生拌、热炝,每道菜都做足了开胃功夫,它们少油,少盐,对我们的健康大有裨益;省时省力,让我们减轻在厨房的劳动强度.只要掌握烹饪技巧,制作起来还是很简单的.     

过敏体质,怎么吃?

什么是过敏呢?过敏反应又称作变态反应,是患者身体对一种或多种物质的过强反应.其主要机制是由于过敏性素质患者的体内产生了过多的过敏抗体——免疫球蛋白E,它和环境中的过敏原相互作用,刺激机体产生和释放某些过敏介质,导致不同组织的损伤,继而产生各种症状.     

文艺汇演群星璀璨

2006年1月8日,中国抗癌协会癌症康复会在"北京展览馆剧场"圆满成功地举办了"阿斯利康首届全国癌症康复者文艺汇演--生命恋歌".这次文艺汇演有26个省、市上报节目50多个,经筹备组认真筛选,选出正式参加演出的节目16个,特邀节目3个,出演的癌症患者近300人.     

钻石之光--山药

"每个人都能在自家的后院找到钻石",有人借用此言,把山药比做养生的钻石. 山药是一种薯科植物,它的根茎垂直而颀长,往往盈尺,生长在坚硬的山冈的土质中,旋转攀缘.阳光下,山药的叶子很美,颜色从浓到浅,绿得缤纷,但被我们称之为钻石的是它营养丰富的块状根茎.山药的外观看上去粗糙,细小密布的根须如刺如须,但削了皮,却洁白得如水生荸荠,分泌一些透明的黏液,柔滑得抓它不住,仿佛泥鳅从手中挣脱.     

Benefit of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with pathologically lymph node-positive and locally advanced gastric cancer

Objective This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy(CRT)and adjuvant chemotherapy(ChT)for T3–4/N+gastric cancer(GC)following D2/R0 dissection,and identify the specific subgroups that could benefit from adjuvant CRT.Methods All eligible patients were divided into the CRT group and ChT group.We assessed the survival outcomes and patterns of recurrence for each group,and determined the prognostic factors for survival by performing Cox proportional risk regression analyses.Results A total of 192 gastric cancer patients were included in the study.The estimated 3-year and 5-year disease-free survival(DFS)probabilities in the CRT and ChT groups were 52.9%vs.36.7%(P=0.024)and 41.2%vs.31.1%(P=0.148),respectively,and the estimated 3-year and 5-year overall survival(OS)probabilities were 82.4%vs.70.0%(P=0.044)and 52.0%vs.35.6%(P=0.022).Patients in the CRT group had a lower risk of locoregional recurrence than those in the ChT group(20.6%vs.34.4%;P=0.031).The subset analyses revealed that patients with stage N1–2 disease were more likely to benefit from adjuvant CRT than from adjuvant ChT(DFS:53.1%vs.36.4%;P=0.039;OS:53.1%vs.38.6%;P=0.036).Conclusion For locally advanced gastric cancer patients with LN+,adjuvant CRT showed superior survival benefits compared with adjuvant ChT alone.Patients with N1–2 achieved better survival from adjuvant CRT.     

苦参碱对HepG2细胞杀伤作用及机制研究

Objective:To investigate the death mode of human hepatoma cells exposed to matrine and the role of glutathione (GSH) and cytochrome c.Methods:The MTT test and Cell Death Detection ELISA were used to identify cell death mode and viability of cells exposed to matrine.The volume of intracellular GSH was detected by GSH reductase.Finally Western blotting was chosen to analyze the expression of cytochrome c and Caspase-9 in HepG2 cells treated by matrine.Results:The apoptotic cell death induced by matrine in Hep G2 cells dramatically increased in the time-,dose-dependent manner.Matrine can exhaust intracellular GSH effectively to change the redox state in cells.Furthermore it affect the cytotoxicity of matrine.Results of Western blotting showed that matrine induced the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytoplasm,and then stimulate the cleavage of Cespese-9 in a time-dependent manner.Conclusion:Matrine induced apoptosis in Hep G2 cells through the mitochondrial pathway,and oxidative stress via depletion of GSH is directly involved in the apoptotic process.     

熏烤煎炸不安全

据说人类发现用火是由于森林起火烧焦了动物而引起的,从那时起,便尝到了烧烤味道的鲜美.时至今日,熏烤煎炸食品气味香,味道美,仍不免会令人垂涎三尺,颇受嘴馋的人或一些儿童、少女青睐,从而造就许多中国人有喜食这类食品的习惯.这类食品如在聚餐酒桌上品尝助兴,少量吃点在所难免,如果大量贪食则可能会对健康不利.化学家在研究癌症病因时,发现一种很强的致癌物质苯并芘,它属于多环芳烃类化合物,与熏烤煎炸食物有关,并引起人们的关注.     

肺癌放疗新技术

肺癌是危害人类生命的最主要的癌肿,是名副其实的"癌王",特别是在发达国家更是如此.简单地说美国男性死于恶性肿瘤患者中约每3人中有1例是肺癌,女性中每4人中有1人是肺癌.中国随着城市化进度的加快和吸烟人群的增多,肺癌患者会越来越多.笔者在美国最著名的癌症医院--德州安德森肿瘤中心做客座教授期间接触了来自世界各地的放疗科医生,他们都在努力研究如何延长肺癌患者的生存期,提高生存质量.下面介绍一下这方面的最新技术.     

抑癌基因FASSF1在胃癌组织中表达及其临床意义的研究

目的:探讨Ras相关区域家族1基因(RASSF1)两种不同转录本RASSF1A和RASSF1B在胃癌组织中的表达情况及与临床病理特征的关系。方法:采用RT-PCR方法,检测32例胃癌组织及相应的32例远隔病灶部位胃组织和51例胃良性病变中RASSF1A和RASSF1B mRNA的表达情况,并探讨RASSF1与临床病理因素之间的关系。结果:RASSF1A和RASSF1B在癌旁组织中表达缺失率均为6.25%(2/32),在胃癌组织中的表达缺失率分别为59.3%(19/32)和28.1%(9/32),两者表达RASSF1A的缺失率比较差异有统计学意义,P=0.008;RASSF1B的差异无统计学意义,P=0.078。RASSF1A和RASSF1B在浅表性胃炎组织中表达缺失率分别是10.0%(3/30)和6.7%(2/30);在萎缩性胃炎组织中分别为28.6%(6/21)和14.3%(3/21),两组之间比较差异无统计学意义,P=0.060。RASSF1A和RASSF1B表达与胃癌高、中、低分化程度及肿瘤大小等均无相关性,P均>0.05。结论:RASSF1A在胃癌组织中的表达缺失更明显。RASSF1A在癌旁正常组织到胃良性病变到胃癌中表达缺失率逐渐增加,表明RASSF1A是一种抑癌基因。检测RASSF1A在胃癌组织中的缺失率对临床判断肿瘤发生发展有指导意义。     

抑癌基因RASSF1在胃癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨RASSF1抑癌基因二种不同转录本在胃癌中的表达情况及与临床的关系。方法:采用RT-PCR方法检测32例胃癌组织及相应的癌旁正常组织,以及51例胃良性病变中RASSF1A、RASSF1B mRNA的表达情况。结果:RASSF1A、RASSF1B在癌旁正常组织中表达缺失率为0,在胃良性病变中有表达缺失,在胃癌组织中的表达缺失率分别为59.4%(19/32)和28.1%(9/32)。RASSF1A、RASSF1B表达与胃癌分化程度及组织学类型无显著相关性。结论:RASSF1二种不同转录本RASSF1A、RASSF1B在癌旁正常组织中可完全表达,在胃癌中的表达缺失率不同,与胃癌的分化程度无明显相关。RASSF1A在胃癌中表达缺失明显,表明RASSF1A是一种具有抑癌作用的基因。     

慢性胃病伴肠上皮化生、胃癌与幽门螺旋杆菌感染的关系

目的探讨慢性胃病伴肠上皮化生、胃癌与幽门螺旋杆菌（helicobacter pylore,HP）感染的关系。方法采用warthin—strarry银染色方法,对380例慢性浅表性胃炎、慢性萎缩性胃炎、胃溃疡组织及胃癌的癌旁组织进行HP检测．应用（alcianblue—PH2．5-periodic—schiff,AB—PAS）、（high-iron—diamine-alcianblue—PH2．5,HID-AB）黏液组织化学方法,区别慢性浅表性胃炎、慢性萎缩性胃炎、胃溃疡组织及胃癌的癌旁组织伴有肠上皮化生的类型。结果总例数380例。HP阳性率为69．74％。慢性浅表性胃炎、慢性萎缩性胃炎、胃溃疡组织及胃癌的癌旁组织伴肠上皮化生的HP感染率分别为77．78％、85．71％、100．00％、80．95％。慢性浅表性胃炎、慢性萎缩性胃炎、胃溃疡及胃癌的癌旁组织伴肠上皮化生AB—PAS染色阳性率分别为86．84％、91．43％、93．33％、100．00％;HID—AB染色阳性率分别为34．21％、42．86％、53．33％、85．71％。癌旁组织的肠上皮化生中,78．57％为不完全大肠型,慢性浅表性胃炎、慢性萎缩性胃炎、胃溃疡伴肠上皮化生中,不完全小肠型比例分别为52．63％、54．28％、53．33％;不完全大肠型比例分别为28．95％、31．43％、20．00％。结论HP感染与慢性胃病伴肠上皮化生及胃癌的发生密切相关。癌旁组织的不完全大肠型肠上皮化生与胃癌的发生密切相关;慢性胃病组织当中的小灶状不完全大肠型上皮化生具有潜在发生癌变的可能性。     

幽门螺杆菌感染和环氧合酶-2表达在胃癌发生中的作用

目的探讨幽门螺杆菌 (Hp) 感染和环氧合酶-2(COX-2)表达在胃癌发生中的作用.方法 138例胃镜活检标本包括慢性非萎缩性胃炎30例,慢性萎缩性胃炎85例(其中伴有中度以上肠化生45例,中、重度异型增生12例),和胃癌23例.快速尿素酶试验和组织学改良Giemsa染色联合检测Hp,免疫组化检查COX-1和COX-2表达.结果胃癌的Hp阳性率为69.6%,显著高于慢性非萎缩性胃炎的36.7%(P<0.05).慢性非萎缩性胃炎、慢性萎缩性胃炎、肠化生、异型增生和胃癌的COX-2表达率分别为10.0%、37.6%、37.8%、41.7%和69.6%,而不同胃黏膜病变中COX-1表达无明显差异.慢性萎缩性胃炎、肠化生和异型增生中Hp阳性病例的COX-2表达显著高于Hp阴性病例(P<0.01).结论 Hp感染及其诱导的COX-2表达可能是胃癌发生的早期事件之一.     

HDAC6与P21WAF1在胃癌组织中表达及意义

  目的   探讨HDAC6与P21WAF1在胃癌发生、发展中的作用及其相关性，为胃癌的早期诊断、治疗和判断预后提供依据。  方法   应用SP免疫组化法分别检测40例胃癌、30例癌前病变组及32例正常胃黏膜组中HDAC6及P21WAF1蛋白的阳性表达情况。  结果   HDAC6组织表达阳性率在胃癌，癌前病变及正常对照组依次降低，分别为65.0%，43.3%，15.6%（P < 0.01），P21WAF1组织表达阳性率在胃癌，癌前病变及正常对照组依次升高，分别为45.0%，63.3%和81.3%（P < 0.01）。HDAC6的表达在分化程度越低、分期越高和淋巴结转移胃癌组织中显著升高（P < 0.05）；P21WAF1蛋白阳性表达则相反，在分化程度越低、分期越高和淋巴结转移胃癌组织中显著降低（P < 0.05）。胃癌组织中HDAC6与P21WAF1的表达呈负相关（r=-0.495，P < 0.01）；癌前病变黏膜组织中HDAC6与P21WAF1的表达呈负相关（r=-0.451，P < 0.05）。  结论   HDAC6与P21WAF1的异常表达可能与促进胃癌的发生、发展和浸润转移有关。HDAC6可能通过下调P21WAF1的表达，导致并促进胃癌的发生发展。HDAC6和P21WAF1可能作为胃癌诊断和预后判断的指标及胃癌治疗的新靶点。      

syndecan-1在胃黏膜癌变不同阶段组织中的表达及意义

目的探讨黏附分子syndecan-1在胃癌癌变各阶段的表达及其在胃癌发生和转移中的意义。方法选取56例慢性浅表性胃炎、50例慢性萎缩性胃炎、59例肠化生、61例中重度异型增生、55例无淋巴结转移胃癌、57例有淋巴结转移胃癌的病理组织蜡块,采用免疫组化ABC法检测syndecan-1在胃黏膜癌变各阶段组织中的表达。结果慢性浅表性胃炎组、慢性萎缩性胃炎组、肠化生组、中重度异型增生组、无淋巴结转移胃癌组、有淋巴结转移胃癌组syndecan-1阳性表达率分别为96.43%、98.00%、100.00%、91.80%、45.45%和24.56%。慢性浅表性胃炎组、慢性萎缩性胃炎组、肠化生组3组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);肠化生组与中重度异型增生组、中重度异型增生组与无淋巴结转移胃癌组、无淋巴结转移胃癌组与有淋巴结转移胃癌组之间差异均有统计学意义(P均< 0.05)。低分化胃癌组syndecan-1阳性表达率为24.62%,明显低于中、高分化胃癌组(42.55%)。结论黏附分子syndecan-1表达下调与胃癌的发生有关,并可能进一步促进胃癌转移。     

Chronic atrophic gastritis, gastric pH, nitrites and micronutrient levels in a population at risk for gastric carcinoma

One hundred and seventy-eight patients at risk for gastric carcinoma had upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Twenty-seven selected patients with the type B of chronic atrophic gastritis, 32 patients with normal mucosa and 47 non-scoped healthy controls were tested for plasma vitamin C, retinol and tocopherol. The total vitamin C level was also assessed in gastric juice of scoped patients. Micronutrient levels were related to gastric pH, nitrites and gastric mucosal pathology. The study showed a higher level of pH (greater than 4) and high nitrites in gastric juice in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis, gastric malignant and dysplastic lesions. Neither the hypochlorhydria nor gastric nitrites affected the prevalence of C. pylori in gastric mucosa. Low gastric and plasma concentrations of vitamin C observed in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis showed an inverted relationship with pH level, and an inter-relationship of other vitamins with antioxidant properties (vitamins A and E).     

B细胞特异性莫洛尼鼠白血病病毒插入位点-1在胃癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的:探讨B细胞特异性莫洛尼鼠白血病病毒插入位点-1(B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virusintegration site-1,Bmi-1)蛋白在胃癌组织中的表达及其临床意义.方法:应用免疫组织化学法检测正常胃黏膜、慢性非萎缩性胃炎、慢性萎缩性胃炎、异型增生及胃癌组织中Bmi-1、c-myc和Zeste基因增强子同源物2(enhancerof Zeste homolog 2,EZH2)蛋白的表达.结果:Bmi-1蛋白在正常胃黏膜、慢性非萎缩性胃炎、慢性萎缩性胃炎、异型增生和胃癌组织中的阳性表达率分别为5.0％、16.7％、30.7％、58.1％和78.0％,各组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).胃癌组织中Bmi-1高表达率为45.0％,其表达水平与肿瘤大小、分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴结转移和TNM分期有关(P＜0.05).胃癌组织中Bmi-1的表达与c-myc、EZH2表达之间呈正相关rs=0.567,P＜0.001;rs=0.582,P＜0.001).结论:Bmi-1在胃癌组织中表达上调,其高表达与胃癌的分化程度、浸润深度和淋巴结转移有关.     

Expression of Cdx2 and claudin-2 in the multistage tissue of gastric carcinogenesis

In this paper, we investigated Cdx2 and claudin-2 expression in pathological paraffin tissues of sinus ventriculi from gastroscopic biopsy to determine the correlation between the expressions of these 2 genes during gastric carcinogenesis by immunochemical ABC technique. Altogether, we analyzed 108 chronic superficial gastritis, 55 chronic atrophic gastritis, 109 intestinal-type metaplasia, 93 dysplasia and 52 gastric intestinal-type adenocarcinoma samples. Our results indicated that the percentage of Cdx2-positive cases was 0% (0/108) for chronic superficial gastritis, 0% (0/55) for chronic atrophic gastritis, 90.83% (99/109) for intestinal-type metaplasia, 51.61% (48/93) for dysplasia and 61.54% (32/52) for gastric intestinal-type adenocarcinoma, primarily expressed in the cell nucleus and partly in the cytoplasm (p < 0.05); interestingly, the percentage for the intestine-type metaplasia was markedly high. The percentage of claudin-2-positive cases was 0% (0/108) for chronic superficial gastritis, 0% (0/55) for chronic atrophic gastritis, 0% (0/109) for intestinal-type metaplasia, 35.48% (33/93) for dysplasia and 71.15% (37/52) for gastric intestinal-type adenocarcinoma, primarily in the cell membrane and gradually increased in the multistage process of gastric carcinogenesis (p < 0.05). Significant correlations were found between claudin-2 and Cdx2 protein expression in dysplasia and intestine-type adenocarcinoma (r = 0.112, p < 0.05). Thus, there may be a correlation between the expression of claudin-2 and Cdx2 in stages of dysplasia and cancer.