呼吸道合胞病毒对小鼠骨髓树突状细胞Ⅰ型干扰素信号通路的抑制作用

目的 研究呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)感染对小鼠骨髓树突状细胞(BMDCs)Ⅰ型干扰素(IFN)信号通路的影响.方法 从Balb/c小鼠的长骨中分离骨髓细胞,经过培养和刺激后得到BMDCs.将BMDCs接种于6孔板中过夜,然后用不同感染复数(MOI)的BSV感染细胞,用RT-PCR法检测RSV的非结构蛋白-1(NS-1)和非结构蛋白-2(NS-2)基因在BMDCs中表达.在另一组实验中,BMDCs经RSV感染24 h后,分别用IFN-β或IFN-γ刺激,然后收集细胞和提取蛋白,用Western blotting法检测IFN信号通路的STAT1、STAT2及磷酸化的STAT1(P-STAT1)、STAT2(P-STAT2)等蛋白的表达.结果 以不同MOI的RSV感染BMDCs 24 h后,RSV NS1和NS2的表达随着感染MOI的增加而逐渐增强,说明RSV病毒能在BMDCs细胞中复制.RSV感染能增加IFN-β信号通路STAT1和STAT2蛋白的表达,但却抑制了P-STAT1和P-STAT2的表达,而紫外线灭活的RSV(UV-RSV)感染对它们的表达却没有影响;而且RSV感染对Ⅱ型IFN(IFN-γ)诱导的STAT1的磷酸化也没有抑制作用.结论 RSV感染BMDCs后,能特异性地抑制Ⅰ型IFN诱导的STAT1和STAT2磷酸化,从而抑制Ⅰ型IFN信号通路,这可能是RSV逃避宿主抗病毒免疫的机制之一.     

呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)对干扰素(IFN)信号通路STAT蛋白核转移的影响

 目的 研究呼吸合胞病毒(respiratory syncytial virus,RSV)感染小鼠骨髓树突状细胞(bone marrow derived dendritic cells,BMDCs)后,对Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型干扰素(interferon,IFN)诱导的JAK/STAT通路蛋白活化后核转移的影响。方法 从BALB/c小鼠的长骨中分离骨髓细胞,经过培养和刺激后得到BMDCs。将BMDCs接种于带小室的玻片上,以感染复数(multiplicity of infection,MOI)为1的RSV感染细胞,并设紫外线灭活的RSV(UV-RSV)和培养液(media)刺激为对照。在培养24 h后,分别用100 IU/mL的IFN-β刺激30 min或0.64 pmol/L的IFN-γ刺激45 min,然后进行免疫荧光染色。在荧光显微镜下计数STAT蛋白核转移阳性细胞的百分比,比较各组间的差异。结果 在未感染的BMDCs中,STAT1和STAT2蛋白主要存在于细胞质中,当用IFN-β 刺激BMDCs后可见到明显的STAT1和STAT2蛋白向细胞核转移,核转移阳性细胞百分比分别为89.0%±4.6%和83.7%±5.1%,与未处理组(NT组)相比有明显差异(P<0.01)。而RSV感染后,发现STAT1和STAT2蛋白核转移阳性细胞数较IFN-β 刺激组明显减少(P<0.01),说明RSV感染可以抑制IFN-β诱导的STAT1和STAT2蛋白的核转移。而应用UV-RSV感染后与IFN-β刺激组相比,STAT1和STAT2蛋白核转移阳性细胞数却未见明显减少(P>0.05)。用IFN-γ 刺激BMDCs后也可见到明显的STAT1蛋白向细胞核转移(阳性细胞为85.3%±6.4%);而RSV感染后与IFN-γ刺激组相比,STAT1核转移阳性细胞数(79.3%±4.9%)却未见明显减少(P>0.05)。结论 RSV感染BMDCs后,能特异性地抑制Ⅰ型IFN诱导的STAT1和STAT2蛋白的核转移,而对II型IFN诱导的STAT1蛋白的核转移却没有影响。     

呼吸道合胞病毒抑制JAK/STAT信号通路减少干扰素-β的表达

目的:探讨呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)感染上皮细胞早期对酪氨酸蛋白激酶/信号传导与转录活化因子(JAK/STAT)信号通路和β干扰素(IFN-β)表达的影响。方法:RSV体外感染人喉癌上皮细胞(Hep2)0,1,2,4,8,12,24 h后分别应用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)和逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测感染后各个时间段IFN-β的浓度以及STAT1、STAT2 mRNA的表达水平。结果:RSV感染Hep2细胞后,IFN-β浓度于第2小时后略有上升,但与未感染细胞基础水平无差异性变化(P>0.05)。STAT1、STAT2 mRNA表达第1小时即上升,第2小时达峰值,随后逐渐下降,在第24小时达最低值(P<0.05)。结论:RSV感染Hep2细胞早期上调STAT1、STAT2 mR-NA,继而抑制其转录,对上皮细胞IFN-β的分泌无明显影响。     

NS2激活TLR7抑制RSV感染肺泡上皮细胞中IFN的表达

目的 探讨非结构蛋白NS2在呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)感染人Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞(A549)活化TLR7信号转导过程中的可能作用.方法 以RSV感染体外培养的A549细胞,设立正常对照组、RSV感染组、RSV NS2小干扰RNA沉默组(NS2 siRNA+ RSV组)及TLR7激动剂组(R848+RSV组).各组分别于病毒感染后的4、12、24、48 h收集细胞和培养上清液.Western blot法检测各组不同时间点TRIF、TRAF6及p-IκB-α蛋白表达;ELISA法检测各组细胞培养上清液中Ⅰ型干扰素α(IFN-α)、IFN-β含量的变化.结果 正常对照组中TRIF、TRAF6、p-IκB-α蛋白的表达量较低,经RSV感染之后,随感染时间增加,表达量升高;在NS2siRNA+ RSV组三者表达量较正常对照组上调,但相对于RSV感染组,表达下降,表明RSV NS2可以活化TRIF、TRAF6及p-IκB-α蛋白的表达.RSV感染组及NS2 siRNA+ RSV组、IFN-α、IFN-β含量随感染时间增加逐渐升高,4h开始升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);R848+RSV组IFN-α和IFN-β呈时间依赖性增加,感染4h升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 NS2在病毒感染A549细胞过程中激活TLR7,抑制了IFN-α和IFN-β的表达.     

白介素4对脂多糖刺激后小胶质细胞表型改变及其机制

目的 研究IL-4对LPS刺激后小胶质细胞表型改变作用及其机制。方法 以原代小胶质细胞研究对象,在脂多糖(LPS)和白介素4(IL-4)的刺激下,通过免疫荧光、蛋白印记技术、实时定量PCR检测细胞的表型改变、炎性因子表达和信号通路活化情况。结果 在LPS作用后,小胶质细胞形态由静息状态下的长分支状变为具有短分支的阿米巴样,M1型小胶质细胞标记iNOS以及TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB信号通路相关蛋白表达上调,细胞向M1型转化。加入IL-4后,iNOS以及NF-κB的磷酸化水平下降,M2型标记蛋白Arg1以及STAT6磷酸化表达显著上调,细胞从M1 型向M2转化。抑制IL-4及其下游信号通路 STAT6后,IL-4对小胶质细胞TLR4及其下游信号通路的抑制作用及M2表型转化功能均被抑制。结论 IL-4可以通过上调STAT6磷酸化水平抑制LPS介导的TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB信号通路活化,从而抑制下游的炎性因子表达,促进细胞表型由M1向M2型转变。     

尼美舒利对人胃癌SGC7901细胞增殖、凋亡及STAT3通路相关蛋白表达的影响研究

目的:探讨选择性环氧化酶2(COX-2)抑制剂尼美舒利抑制胃癌细胞株SGC7901增殖的作用和可能的细胞内信号转导机制.方法:将选择性COX-2抑制剂尼美舒利作用于胃癌细胞株SGC7901,MTY法检测细胞增殖状态;流式细胞仪检测细胞周期及凋亡;Western blot法检测STAT3通路相关蛋白的表达.结果:尼美舒利作用胃癌细胞株SGC7901后细胞增殖受到显著抑制且呈时间、剂量依赖性方式;细胞凋亡百分数增高(P<0.05);G0/G1期细胞比例升高(P<0.05);Western Blot结果显示SGC7901细胞中磷酸化STAT3(P-STAT3)、CyclinDI、Bcl-2蛋白的表达明显降低(P<0.05).结论:尼美舒利可抑制胃癌细胞株SGC7901的增殖,阻滞细胞周期的进展,促进细胞凋亡,其机制可能与抑制STAT3信号通路相关蛋白P-STAT3、CyclinDl、Bcl-2表达有关.     

呼吸道合胞病毒非结构蛋白NS1调节Ⅰ/Ⅱ型细胞因子的表达

目的:研究呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)非结构蛋白NS1转染人上皮细胞后对Ⅰ/Ⅱ型细胞因子表达的调节效应。方法:在遗传信息不变的条件下,构建稳定的RSV-NS1表达质粒(富含GC),采用Western blotting技术检测质粒NS1在转染A549细胞不同时间段其蛋白的表达,并用ELISA法检测培养上清中干扰素(IFN)-β和白细胞介素(IL)-10的浓度。结果:NS1转染A549细胞1、2、4、8、24 h后,Western blotting法鉴定显示质粒NS1转染细胞1 h后即可检测到其蛋白表达。IFN-β在NS1转染细胞8 h后浓度逐渐降低(P<0.05),这一下降趋势持续至24 h仍有意义;IL-10在NS1转染细胞4 h后浓度开始上调,8 h增加到基础值7.8倍,并在8~24 h内持续上调(P<0.05)。结论:RSV NS1转染早期即在上皮细胞表达并差异性调节Ⅰ/Ⅱ型细胞因子的表达。     

JAK2/STAT3途径在IL-6抑制LPS诱导的树突状细胞分化成熟中的作用

目的 观察JAK2/STAT3信号途径在IL-6抑制LPS诱导的小鼠髓源性树突状细胞(bone marrow-derived dendritic cells,BMDCs)分化成熟中的作用.方法 分离小鼠骨髓细胞,采用黏附法结合GM-CSF和IL-4刺激法在体外培养BMDCs;用相差倒置显微镜观察BMDCs的形态特点;用LPS诱导DCs成熟;采用流式细胞术观察IL-6处理与否,LPS诱导的BMDCs在表型上的变化;Western blot检测BMDCs细胞质p-JAK2、总STAT3和P-STAT3的表达水平.结果 形态观察和FCM分析的结果表明:体外成功培养了纯度较高的高表达CD11c的BMDCs,LPS能明显诱导BMDCs表面MHC-Ⅱ类分子和共刺激分子CD80、CD86、CD40的表达上调;而经过IL-6处理后,LPS诱导BMDCs表面MHC-Ⅱ类分子、CD80、CD86、CD40表达上调的能力被显著削弱(P＜0.01).Western blot结果显示,与单独用LPS处理的BMDCs相比,经IL-6处理后的BMDC中p-JAK2、P-STAT3表达随作用时间增加而明显上调,提示IL-6促进JAK2/STAT3信号途径活化.结论 JAK2/STAT3信号途径参与了IL-6抑制LPS诱导的BMDCs成熟过程.     

呼吸道合胞病毒感染BALB/c鼠活化TLR7介导的抗病毒作用研究

目的探讨呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)感染BALB/c鼠后,肺内Toll样受体7(TLR7)的水平变化,初步研究TLR7活化在RSV感染中介导产生的I型干扰素(IFN)抗病毒作用及其可能的调控机制。方法以RSV滴鼻感染BALB/c鼠建立急性肺炎模型,并预先给予TLR7特异性激动剂咪喹莫特(Imiquimod)处理,分别于感染后4、8、12、24 h不同时间点处死小鼠取肺组织,并以未感染病毒的BALB/c鼠为正常对照组。①HE染色观察肺的病理学改变;②用TRIzol提取肺组织总RNA,RT-PCR法检测鼠肺内TLR7、干扰素调节因子3(IRF3)、干扰素调节因子7(IRF7),干扰素α(IFN-α),干扰素β(IFN-β)及RSV融合蛋白基因(F基因)mRNA的表达;③Western blot法检测鼠肺组织TLR7蛋白的表达变化;④空斑形成实验(PFU)测定各组不同时间点肺组织匀浆中RSV滴度。结果①HE染色显示肺部炎性细胞浸润及肺泡结构破坏程度随感染时间延长而加重,经Imiquimod干预后肺部炎性细胞浸润程度及肺泡结构破坏较RSV感染组明显减轻;②在mRNA转录水平,RSV感染早期,感染组上调TLR7、IRF3/7、IFN-α/β、RSV F基因的表达;在预先给予TLR7特异性激动剂Imi-quimod处理组,TLR7、IRF7、IFN-α的mRNA比感染组相同时间点的表达量明显升高,且升高有显著性差异,而IRF3、IFN-β表达量在Imiquimod干预后与RSV感染组相比升高不明显;而RSV F基因的mRNA表达量较RSV感染组明显下降;③在蛋白水平,RSV感染组上调TLR7蛋白的表达;在预先给予TLR7特异性激动剂Imiquimod处理组,TLR7蛋白表达量较感染组显著升高;④RSV感染BALB/c鼠肺后,肺组织匀浆中RSV滴度随感染时间的延长而增加;给予TLR7激动剂Imiquimod处理组,RSV复制滴度水平较感染组明显减少。结论 RSV感染BALB/c鼠后通过活化TLR7,诱导Ⅰ型IFN的产生。用Imiquimod激动TLR7后,Ⅰ型IFN表达量较RSV感染组明显升高,RSV F基因和肺组织匀浆中RSV滴度水平明显减少,以及肺部炎症减轻,表明RSV引起的抗病毒免疫机制与TLR7活化的转导途径有关;而且激动TLR7后,IRF7和IFN-α的表达较IRF3和IFN-β明显升高,表明了IFN-α可能是主要通过IRF7通路由TLR7诱导产生的最主要Ⅰ型IFN。     

白细胞介素27在呼吸道合胞病毒致肺部感染中的作用机制研究

目的研究呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)感染小鼠中白细胞介素27(IL-27)水平的变化,以及IL-27在离体细胞中对RSV病毒复制的影响。方法在动物实验中,取7周龄雌性C57小鼠,分别在RSV感染后的第0、0.5、1、2、4、6、8 d处死小鼠(每组5只),左肺提取RNA,运用Real-time PCR法检测RSV感染不同时间后IL-27p28、IL-27EBI3、RSV-M、干扰素β(IFN-β)mRNA的变化,右肺行HE染色。在细胞实验中,培养人肺腺癌上皮细胞(A549),用不同浓度的重组白细胞介素27(rh IL-27)0、1、10和50 ng/m L刺激培养并感染RSV 24 h,运用Real-time PCR法检测干扰素诱导跨膜蛋白3(IFITM3)、IFN-β、RSV-M mRNA的变化,运用Western blot法检测IFITM3、STAT1/p STAT1蛋白的变化。结果 RSV感染小鼠后第4 d病毒复制达到高峰后逐渐降低,8 d后基本恢复。IFN-βmRNA仅在感染后12 h升高,随后迅速恢复正常。IL-27 p28/EBI3基因在感染后第1 d达高峰后逐渐降低,4 d后基本恢复。在离体试验中,发现10 ng/m L、50 ng/m L浓度的rh IL-27刺激感染的A549细胞可抑制病毒复制,促进IFTIM3基因的表达,并且可以促进STAT1磷酸化。不同浓度的rh IL-27刺激后IFN-βmRNA的表达变化无显著差异。结论在RSV感染小鼠后肺组织中IL-27 mRNA表达增高,而IL-27可能通过促进STAT1磷酸化调节IFITM3蛋白的表达,具有抑制RSV复制的作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.