支架在治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤中的应用

目的分析颅内支架在治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤中的临床疗效及应用体会。方法回顾性分析12例颅内宽颈动脉瘤患者的治疗过程,其中3例动脉瘤位于颈内动脉海绵窦段,2例位于颈内动脉眼动脉段,2例位于颈内动脉后交通段,1例位于前交通动脉,2例位于大脑中动脉分叉部,1例位于椎动脉,1例位于基底动脉;绝对宽颈（瘤颈〉4mm）动脉瘤9例,相对宽颈3例,瘤颈/瘤体均〉0.7。术中将颅内支架引至动脉瘤处并释放支架覆盖动脉瘤颈,然后行弹簧圈栓塞术。结果7例采用Neuroform自膨式支架,5例采用Leo支架,12枚支架全部成功释放。其中100%栓塞8例,95%栓塞3例,1例支架释放后动脉瘤不显影未行弹簧圈栓塞。1例术中出血经迅速填塞弹簧圈及支持对症治疗后患者治愈。本组患者无死亡。10例术后3个月随访造影,9例动脉瘤腔完全闭塞,1例达95%栓塞,载瘤动脉无狭窄。结论颅内自膨式支架辅助弹簧圈闭塞颅内宽颈动脉瘤,既可保护载瘤动脉通畅,又可提高宽颈动脉瘤栓塞的致密程度,效果较好,并且可降低穿支血管阻塞的发生率。     

球囊和LEO支架辅助微弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤

颅内宽颈动脉瘤无论血管内介入治疗还是手术夹闭,都是神经外科非常棘手的难题。随着电解可脱卸弹簧圈(GDC)的推广应用,血管内栓塞已成为治疗颅内动脉瘤的有效手段。但据报道,85%的窄颈动脉瘤可通过血管内介入治疗获得完全闭塞,而宽颈动脉瘤中只有15%可获得完全闭塞[1]。鉴于单纯弹簧圈栓塞时弹簧圈易于突入载瘤动脉,无法致密填塞,目前临床已先后应用球囊辅助瘤颈重塑形技术和颅内专用自膨支架来辅助弹簧圈栓塞技术治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤。近年来作者应用血管内自膨式支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞和球囊辅助瘤颈重塑形技术结合弹簧圈栓塞治疗宽颈动脉瘤13例,效果满意,现报告如下。1资料与方法1.1一般资料本组13例患者均为本院2005年2月~2007年12月确诊为颅内宽颈动脉瘤患者,男8例,女5例;年龄32~68岁,平均44岁。其中蛛网膜下腔出血11例(按Hunt-Hess分级:Ⅰ级3例,Ⅱ级6例,Ⅲ级2例;合并颅内血肿2例);动眼神经麻痹2例。1.2影像学检查本组病例均行CTA及DSA检查,动脉瘤位于前交通动脉1例,后交通动脉5例,颈内动脉海绵窦段2例,眼动脉3例,椎动脉1例,基底动脉顶端1例。动脉瘤直径3~15 mm,瘤颈宽度2~7 mm,7...     

宽颈动脉瘤血管内栓塞治疗

目的:探讨颅内宽颈动脉瘤的血管内治疗方法及疗效。方法:对2005年～2009年24例颅内宽颈动脉瘤的血管内介入治疗进行回顾分析。结果:单纯应用可脱弹簧圈栓塞治疗宽颈动脉瘤6例,应用颅内支架结合弹簧圈栓塞治疗宽颈动脉瘤18例,其中100%栓塞17例,95%栓塞5例,90%栓塞2例。术中并发症3例:弹簧圈溢入载瘤动脉2例,支架移位1例。24例术后2～46个月随访,均无再次蛛网膜下腔出血表现。结论:应用血管内栓塞治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤是一种微创、安全、有效的方法。     

颅内支架联合弹簧圈栓塞术治疗动脉狭窄动脉瘤3例并文献复习

近年来颅内支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞技术的应用提高了颅内宽颈动脉瘤的近期疗效.但动脉瘤供血动脉狭窄增加了血管内治疗的难度和风险.     

颅内支架辅助栓塞宽颈动脉瘤初步经验

目的 探讨颅内宽颈动脉瘤新的血管内治疗技术,初步评价该技术和新栓塞材料的安全性和有效性.方法 回顾我们治疗中心近9个月内收治的11例宽颈动脉瘤病人的临床资料.对颅内Neuroform 支架辅助生物活性Matrix弹簧圈栓塞宽颈动脉瘤技术特点进行探讨,并通过对部分获得血管造影随访病人的疗效观察,评价该技术的临床应用价值.结果 联合颅内Neuroform支架和生物活性Matrix弹簧圈血管内治疗的11例宽颈动脉瘤病人中,除1例死于并发症外,其余病人均得到满意疗效,其中6例病人术后半年行数字减影血管成像(DSA)随访,未见动脉瘤复发,但仍需长期观察.结论 联合颅内支架和生物活性弹簧圈是一有效的血管内治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤技术,颅内支架理想的大小选择和恰当的植入位置是成功治疗的重要一环,生物活性Matrix弹簧圈栓入瘤腔后可有效促进血栓和结体组织形成.     

Neuroform支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤的长期疗效分析

目的:评价使用Neuroform支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤术后的长期疗效。方法:18例Neuroform支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞颅内宽颈动脉瘤患者均在术后3年以上接受数字减影血管造影下全颈脑血管造影检查。结果:除2例出现支架内血栓形成伴轻度狭窄形成外,其余16例患者均未发现支架内狭窄迹象;14例动脉瘤体完全无显影,4例患者有动脉瘤颈轻度复发迹象。结论:Neuroform支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤术式有效、可行,长期效果良好,长期术后并发症发生率低。     

血管内支架置入结合弹簧圈治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤患者的护理

随着电解可脱性微弹簧圈(GDC)栓塞术的不断完善与改进,其安全、微创、有效的特点已经成为颅内动脉瘤的一种主要的治疗方法.但是宽颈颅内动脉瘤的血管内治疗仍是难题之一,单纯微弹簧圈治疗会出现栓塞率低、复发率高,还有导致载瘤动脉闭塞的风险,部分患者甚至无法实施介入治疗[1].相继出现的Remodeling技术和三维弹簧圈篮筐编制技术使得部分宽颈动脉瘤得以栓塞,但仍不能完全解决这一难题.而今,自Higashida等[2]1997年率先报道了采用支架结合弹簧圈治疗1例颅内椎动脉梭形动脉瘤以来,支架技术在动脉瘤血管内治疗中的应用已逐渐开展起来,并成为梭形、宽颈动脉瘤的重要治疗手段.此后,采用血管内支架置入结合后续的弹簧圈栓塞治疗,使这类动脉瘤的介入治疗成为可能[3].我科采用的新型Neuroform Ⅱ型专用颅内支架结合生物活性Matrix弹簧圈治疗宽颈动脉瘤取得了良好的效果,现将其的相关护理总结如下.     

Solitaire支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞颅内宽颈动脉瘤26例分析

目的 探讨Solitaire支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞颅内宽颈动脉瘤的经验及栓塞效果.方法 2009年6月至2011年12月,我们对26例颅内宽颈动脉瘤患者应用Solitaire支架辅助微弹簧圈栓塞,围术期给予抗凝及抗血小板治疗,术后3个月复查脑血管造影评价栓塞效果.结果 26例患者共使用27枚Solitaire支架,其中1例患者使用2枚支架.术中支架均顺利到位,放置位置满意,即刻血管造影致密栓塞24例,次全栓塞2例,支架释放位置满意,载瘤血管通畅,3个月后,23例患者获得数字减影血管造影随访,无动脉瘤复发迹象.结论 Solitaire支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞颅内宽颈动脉瘤,操作简单,栓塞率高,复发率低.     

LEO自膨式支架结合电解弹簧圈栓塞治疗宽颈动脉瘤护理体会

随着血管内治疗技术的发展,应用血管内支架特别是颅内专用血管支架置入结合微弹簧圈栓塞使宽颈动脉瘤的栓塞治疗成为可能,并可以明显提高疗效。我科采用新型颅内支架LEO支架结合电解弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤病人18例,效果满意,现将护理体会总结如下。     

微弹簧圈结合LEO支架栓塞颅内宽颈动脉瘤的效果

目的探讨微弹簧圈结合可伸缩自膨式（LEO）支架栓塞颅内宽颈动脉瘤的临床效果。方法蛛网膜下隙出血经DSA或CTA证实为颅内宽颈动脉瘤病人14例（7例后交通动脉瘤,5例椎动脉瘤,2例基底动脉瘤）,1例选择先释放支架,微导管穿过支架网眼填塞微弹簧圈;2例先填塞动脉瘤,栓塞完全后再在瘤口释放LEO支架;11例选择先半释放LEO支架后填塞动脉瘤,待栓塞完全后,再完全释放支架。结果 13例宽颈动脉瘤均应用Remod微弹簧圈结合LEO支架完全栓塞,1例部分栓塞。结论微弹簧圈结合LEO支架治疗宽颈动脉瘤具有易操作、输送方便、支架进出外微导管顺利的特点,效果好。     

Y-stent-assisted coil embolization of anterior circulation aneurysms using two Solitaire AB devices: a single center experience

Wide-neck intracranial aneurysms remain a challenge to endovascular treatment. We describe our experience in repairing wide-neck aneurysms of the anterior circulation located at arterial branch points using coil embolization assisted by Y-stenting using two Solitaire(?) stents.Six wide-neck intracranial aneurysms located on the middle cerebral artery bifurcation( 3), pericallosal artery( 1), and anterior communicating artery( 2) were repaired by Y-stent-assisted coil embolization using two Solitaire(?) stents. Four cases were incidental findings of aneurysm and two cases were previously treated ruptured aneurysms that had undergone recanalization. All the cases were successfully treated without complications. Follow-up by digital subtraction angiography and magnetic resonance angiography at six months showed the stents to be patent with no recanalization of the aneurysm sacs. Repairing wide-neck aneurysms of the anterior circulation by Y-stent-assisted coil embolization using two Solitaire(?) stents is a simple and safe method of treating complex aneurysms. While the results are promising, larger series with longer term follow-ups are needed to corroborate that this treatment method is superior to other techniques.     

应用支架治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤的探讨

目的总结应用支架结合弹簧圈和单纯应用覆膜支架治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤的初步经验.方法回顾分析12例颅内宽颈动脉瘤,10例应用支架结合弹簧圈技术治疗,2例颈动脉海绵窦段动脉瘤应用覆膜支架治疗.结果应用支架结合弹簧圈技术治疗10例,8例完全栓塞,2例大部分（＞95%）栓塞.应用覆膜支架治疗2例动脉瘤完全闭塞.影像随访10例3～12月,动脉瘤完全消失.临床随访12例,死亡1例.结论在栓塞宽颈颅内动脉瘤时选择应用支架结合弹簧圈技术或单纯应用覆膜支架可取得满意疗效.     

Assisted coiling using LEO Baby or LVIS Jr stents: Report of six cases

Background and purpose

Endovascular treatment of broad-neck, complex cerebral aneurysms is a challenging issue. Placement of a stent over the aneurysm neck and secondary coil embolization prevents coil migration and allows dense packing of the coils. Another challenge is represented by distal aneurysms situated in small vessels. In these cases, the use of little stents, which we are going call ministents, could be a good decision. These low-profile intracranial ministents can be deployed into arteries with diameters between 1.5 and 3.10 mm and delivered through microcatheters with an internal diameter of 0.0165 inches, which allows easier navigation in small-sized, delicate vessels. We present six cases of wide-neck aneurysms, with small parental arteries less than 2.5 mm using a low-profile ministent system (LEO Baby and LVIS Jr) plus coil embolization.

Materials and methods

We retrospectively reviewed patients in whom LEO Baby or LVIS Jr stent was used for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. Five aneurysms were treated during 2013–2014 in our service using the LEO Baby stent and one aneurysm using LVIS Jr. Stent-assisted coil embolization was performed using the jailing technique in all cases. Clinical and angiographic findings, procedural data, and follow-up are reported.

Results

Six consecutive patients were included in this study. Four patients presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage in the subacute–chronic phase and two patients had unruptured aneurysms. Two of the six aneurysms were located at branches of the sylvian artery, one at the basilar artery, two at the anterior communicating artery, and one at the P1–P2 artery. The procedures were successful. Six-month control digital subtraction angiograms were obtained in all cases; they demonstrated complete occlusion of the aneurysms in all instances. All patients had good clinical outcomes on follow-up, as measured with the Glasgow Outcome Scale and Modified Rankin Scale.

Conclusions

The results of this small study show that the LEO Baby and LVIS Jr ministents could be safe and efficient for endovascular treatment of intracranial broad-neck aneurysms situated in small arteries.     

早、中期显微手术治疗破裂的颅内动脉瘤

目的 探讨早、中期显微手术治疗颅内动脉瘤破裂的方法,讨论术中、术后出现的并发症及治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析36例颅内动脉瘤患者临床资料,入院前均经头颅CT检查证实有蛛网膜下腔出血存在,35例患者经全脑血管造影检查证实为颅内动脉瘤,1例经手术探查证实右侧A2段动脉瘤.36例患者均在早、中期进行显微手术治疗.早期蛛网膜下腔出血后3 d内手术22例,中期蛛网膜下腔出血后4～10 d内手术14例.结果 格拉斯哥预后评分Ⅰ级21例,Ⅱ级4例,Ⅲ级4例,Ⅳ级4例.术后均复查头颅CT,无术后颅内血肿,不同部位脑梗死5例.死亡3例,1例为后交通动脉动脉瘤夹闭后发生枕叶梗死,发生脑疝,家属放弃治疗;1例为Hunt-Hess Ⅴ级的前交通动脉瘤患者,术后脑疝症状未解除:1例为前交通动脉瘤栓塞术后2年再发出血,手术夹闭后1周突发枕骨大孔疝.术后26例患者行全脑血管造影复查,1例患者提示前交通动脉瘤完全未被夹闭,1例后交通动脉瘤有残颈,1例后交通动脉瘤患者示后交通动脉未显影.结论 早、中期显微手术是治疗颅内动脉瘤的有效方法.术后脑缺血是颅内动脉瘤手术的严重并发症,特别是颈内动脉后交通段动脉瘤,术中对后交通动脉的保护十分重要.对载瘤动脉及动脉瘤体内血栓形成或粥样硬化患者的手术治疗还需进一步研究.     

颅内宽颈动脉瘤的血管内治疗

目的报告并评价32例宽颈动脉瘤的治疗方法及效果。方法自2004年以来对于32例宽颈动脉瘤采取多种技术联合治疗。其中用3维电解微弹簧圈“筐篮”（GDC）技术治疗18例，用球囊载瘤动脉再塑型联合GDC栓塞12例，用支架联合GDC栓塞2例。结果使用筐篮技术治疗的18例中完全闭塞者为15例，有3例不完全闭塞；12例球囊再塑型技术治疗的动脉瘤，11例完全栓塞；2例支架加微弹簧圈栓塞，1例完全栓塞，1例近全栓塞，其中1例术后出现了一过性的神经功能障碍。全部32例无永久性神经症状并发症，31例保持载瘤动脉通畅。结论对于宽颈动脉瘤，采用多种技术联合栓塞，可取得良好效果。     

Catheter intervention for carotid and cerebrovascular diseases

Catheter intervention for carotid and cerebrovascular diseases is rapidly developing treatment modality as another vascular diseases. Recent advancement has been based on stent technology. In the carotid field, self-expanding stents have been widely used, and now embolic protection devices (EPDs) were used in all cases to prevent intraprocedural embolic complication. Current approved EPDs were categorized to distal filter type, Angioguard RX and FilterWire EZ and distal balloon type, Percusurge Guardwire. In 2010, CREST study showed CAS and CEA are both safe and useful as carotid revascularization. Another important intervention is recanalization therapy for acute stroke. Merci, mechanical thrombectomy device, is approved in 2010 and this device indicated for contra- or failed iv rt-PA therapy. Multi MERCI trial showed successful recanalization is most important factor for favorable outcome. Embolization for intracranial aneurysms is also important therapy in neuro-intervention. Detachable coils and adjunctive technique, balloon assist embolization, double catheter technique, and another techniques, have been used in this treatment. Self-expanding stents have been used in recent years. In 2010, Enterprise was approved in Japan and recommended to use for 7 mm or more larger wide neck unruptured aneurysms. Although there is not enough clinical evidence and appropriate devices for intracranial vessels, it seems to be a potentially effective in the future.     

TransForm occlusion balloon catheter for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms,initial experience

Introduction

The technique of balloon remodeling allows the endovascular treatment of wide-neck intracranial aneurysms. For many years the only available devices were the Hyperform and the Hyperglide balloon catheters. Recently, other companies have developed newer devices, single or dual-lumen. We present our initial experience with the TransForm occlusion balloon catheter for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms.

Methods

We retrospectively analysed from our prospectively gathered aneurysm database all aneurysms that were treated with balloon remodelling using TransForm occlusion balloon catheters from January 2013 to February 2014. We assessed patient demographics, morphological features of the aneurysms, procedure feasibility, technical and clinical complications.

Results

Thirty-three patients harbouring 36 intracranial saccular aneurysms were treated during 33 procedures. Clinical finding were: 15 incidental discovery, 13 subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), five aneurysms with mass effect, one ruptured aneurysm with SAH and mass effect, one recanalisation and one intraparenchymal haematoma. Thirty-five aneurysms were in the anterior and one in the posterior circulation. Mean dome and neck size were, respectively, 5.8 mm and 3.6 mm. Twenty-three aneurysms were treated with TransForm C and 13 with TransForm SC. We had two procedural thromboembolic complications, without permanent clinical events. No early rebleeding occurred.

Conclusions

In our small series, the TransForm occlusion balloon catheter seems to be safe and effective for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms, in ruptured and unruptured cases.