TMEM16A钙激活氯离子通道在Fisher大鼠甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞的表达及其电生理特性研究

 目的：探讨跨膜蛋白16A（TMEM16A）钙激活氯离子通道在Fisher大鼠甲状腺滤泡上皮（FRT）细胞的表达及其电生理特性。方法：构建pUB6/V5-TMEM16A真核表达载体。脂质体方法转染TMEM16A至FRT细胞,同时优化脂质体和载体的量和比例,获得最佳转染效率和表达效果,杀稻瘟菌素（blasticidin）进行抗生素筛选,获取稳定表达TMEM16A的FRT细胞株。RT-PCR和免疫荧光检测TMEM16A于FRT细胞的表达情况;倒置荧光显微镜下观察TMEM16A在FRT细胞中的表达和定位;应用全细胞膜片钳技术和卤族元素敏感的荧光蛋白YFP-H148Q/I152L检测TMEM16A钙激活氯离子通道的功能。结果：BamHⅠ和XbaⅠ双酶切的琼脂糖凝胶电泳和测序结果表明目的基因TMEM16A成功克隆到真核表达载体pUB6/V5中;RT-PCR和免疫荧光实验结果表明经杀稻瘟菌素筛选后的FRT细胞在mRNA和蛋白水平表达TMEM16A,倒置显微镜下观察结果表明TMEM16A在FRT细胞膜上有表达;应用全细胞膜片钳技术和卤族元素敏感的荧光蛋白YFP-H148Q/I152L证实稳定表达于FRT细胞的TMEM16A具有经典的钙激活氯离子通道特性。结论：FRT细胞可高效表达TMEM16A。TMEM16A是钙激活氯离子通道的分子基础。     

基于钙激活氯离子通道检测胞质内第二信使Ca2+

目的 建立一种基于钙激活氯离子通道（CaCC）可敏感检测胞质内第二信使Ca²⁺的细胞模型。 方法 构建氯离子通道蛋白1（ANO1）和YFP-H148Q/I152 L真核表达载体,应用脂质体转染法构建共表达ANO1和YFP-H148Q/I152 L的FRT细胞,倒置荧光显微镜观察其表达情况,流式细胞仪检测细胞纯度;应用膜片钳技术研究CaCC生理特性;荧光淬灭动力学实验验证细胞模型的有效性;荧光淬灭动力学实验验证细胞模型可筛选CaCC调节剂;荧光探针法检测加入CaCC激活剂后胞质内的Ca²⁺浓度。 结果 倒置荧光显微镜下观察到ANO1表达在细胞膜上,YFP-H148Q/I152 L表达于胞质中;该模型具有经典的钙激活氯离子通道的生理特性;成功构建共表达ANO1和YFP-H148Q/I152 L的FRT细胞模型;该模型可筛选CaCC调节剂,荧光变化斜率值与CaCC调节剂浓度成剂量依赖关系;荧光变化斜率值可反映胞质内Ca²⁺浓度,该模型可敏感检测胞质内Ca²⁺浓度。 结论 此细胞模型可以高效敏感检测胞质内第二信使Ca²⁺浓度,为Ca²⁺信号相关靶点的研究提供了一种简便快捷的方法。     

稳定表达UT-A2的FRT细胞系的建立与鉴定

目的：建立稳定表达尿素通道蛋白A2（UT—A2）的FRT细胞系，为寻找UT—A2抑制剂提供细胞模型。方法：通过真核表达质粒-脂质体介导的方法，将UT—A2 cDNA与真核表达载体pUB6／V5连接后的重组质粒转染入FRT细胞，经稳定筛选建立稳定表达UT—A2的FRT细胞系。功能检测实验将细胞分为对照组和稳定转染组，用2mol／L尿素负荷试验检测稳定表达UT—A2的FRT细胞膜的尿素通透性。结果：经BSD筛选21d后得到稳定表达UT—A2的细胞株；Western blotting证实UT—A2蛋白稳定表达；免疫荧光分析结果提示UT—A2的质膜定位。2mol／L尿素试验证实了该细胞系具有明显尿素通透性。结论：在非肾脏上皮细胞获得了稳定质膜定位表达UT—A2的FRT细胞株，该细胞株可用于UT—A2抑制剂的筛选。     

钙激活氯通道ANO1在小鼠心肌细胞的表达及其功能鉴定

目的:探讨钙激活氯通道蛋白anoctamin 1(ANO1)在小鼠原代培养心肌细胞中的表达及其功能特性。方法:采用胰酶与胶原酶共同消化,联合2次差速贴壁法获得C57BL/6小鼠原代心肌细胞;并用免疫荧光染色法检测α-横纹肌肌动蛋白,以鉴定心肌细胞纯度;应用RT-PCR检测小鼠心肌细胞ANO1 mRNA的表达;免疫印迹检测ANO1蛋白在小鼠心肌细胞的表达情况;应用荧光淬灭动力学实验检测ANO1钙激活氯通道的功能特性。结果:RT-PCR结果表明原代培养的小鼠心肌细胞表达ANO1 mRNA。免疫印迹实验结果显示原代培养的小鼠心肌细胞表达ANO1蛋白。荧光淬灭动力学实验证实表达于小鼠心肌细胞的ANO1具有钙激活氯通道典型的阴离子转运功能特性。结论:ANO1在小鼠心肌细胞中有明确表达,并具有钙激活氯离子通道特性,提示ANO1是钙激活氯通道的分子基础。     

乙醇激活的鼻咽癌细胞氯电流的分子机制

 目的：研究乙醇对低分化鼻咽癌CNE-2Z细胞氯通道的影响并探讨其分子机制。方法：MTT检测乙醇对细胞生长的影响;全细胞膜片钳技术记录乙醇对氯电流的影响;应用氯通道阻断剂分析该电流的特性;siRNA干扰技术分析乙醇敏感氯通道的分子本质。结果：在等渗灌流液中记录到微弱的背景氯电流,随灌流液中乙醇浓度（0.17~170 mmol/L）的升高,所激活的氯电流呈倒U型曲线状,17 mmol/L的乙醇激活电流达到峰值,电流呈较明显的外向优势,能被高渗液及氯通道阻断剂5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid（NPPB）所阻断;干扰ClC-3氯通道基因表达后乙醇激活的氯电流明显减小。结论：乙醇可能通过激活CNE-2Z细胞的ClC-3氯通道,诱导氯电流的产生。     

原代培养猪冠脉平滑肌细胞的电压依赖和钙激活的钾通道

作者应用改良的细胞膜片钳制技术对原代培养的猪冠状动脉平滑肌细胞的电压依赖性和钙激活的钾通道的特性进行了研究。整个实验均在计算机的控制下进行,各种膜片中引导出的电流,通过膜片钳制放大器后,均输入至计算机进行采样、存贮和分析。结果显示:①这种通道活动呈明显的电压依赖性,随膜的去极化而激活,电流-电压关系     

蟾蜍灵激活低分化鼻咽癌细胞氯通道

目的: 研究蟾蜍灵(bufalin)对低分化鼻咽癌(CNE-2Z)细胞氯通道的激活作用以及通道的特性。方法: 采用全细胞膜片钳技术记录蟾蜍灵激活CNE-2Z细胞膜电流并分析其电流特征。结果: 细胞外灌流1 μmol/L 的蟾蜍灵可诱发CNE-2Z细胞产生一个氯电流,该电流潜伏期较长,为(12.1 ± 6.4)min, 其翻转电位接近氯离子平衡电位。该电流具有较明显的外向优势,没有明显的时间依赖性失活和电压依赖性失活。氯通道阻断剂他莫昔芬(tamoxifen)可完全抑制该电流, 细胞外灌流高渗液也可完全抑制该电流。结论: 蟾蜍灵可以激活CNE-2Z细胞氯通道产生氯电流,与容积激活性氯电流相比,该电流的潜伏期较长,并且有更明显的外向优势。     

顺铂激活的低分化鼻咽癌细胞氯电流

目的： 研究抗癌药顺铂对低分化鼻咽癌细胞（CNE-2Z）氯通道的激活作用以及该电流的特性。方法：采用膜片钳技术记录顺铂激活的CNE-2Z细胞全细胞电流;离子置换法等方法分析通道的特性。结果：细胞外灌流5 μmol/L的顺铂诱发CNE-2Z细胞产生一个有明显外向优势的电流,电流的翻转电位为(-6.69 ± 0.51) mV,接近氯离子平衡电位(-0.9 mV)。该电流的激活依赖于细胞内ATP。顺铂激活的细胞膜氯通道对阴离子的通透性顺序为：I-≥Br->Cl->gluconate。氯通道阻断剂tamoxifen完全抑制该电流。结论：抗癌药顺铂可以激活一个电流特征与容积激活性氯通道相似的氯通道。     

敲低IK1钾通道抑制ClC-3氯通道的表达和功能

 目的: 探讨ClC-3氯通道是否为IK1钾通道的调节靶点,重点研究鼻咽癌细胞IK1钾通道对ClC-3氯通道功能及蛋白表达的影响。方法: 采用siRNA转染技术抑制低分化鼻咽癌上皮细胞(CNE-2Z) IK1 基因的表达;real-time PCR技术检测ClC-3 mRNA的表达;Western blot检测ClC-3的蛋白表达;细胞免疫荧光结合激光共聚焦显微镜技术检测ClC-3和IK1蛋白在细胞内分布;全细胞膜片钳记录细胞氯电流。结果: IK1 siRNA可以成功转染CNE-2Z细胞,有效抑制鼻咽癌细胞IK1钾离子通道的表达;用IK1 siRNA抑制鼻咽癌细胞IK1钾离子通道的表达后, ClC-3的mRNA表达上调而ClC-3蛋白却表达减少:在低分化鼻咽癌上皮细胞,低渗刺激可激活氯通道,产生一个较大的氯电流,在成功转染IK1 siRNA的细胞,此氯电流明显减弱。结论: 敲低IK1钾离子通道可抑制ClC-3氯离子通道的表达和功能。     

CⅡTA基因编码区不同单倍型cDNA的功能研究

目的 研究MHCⅡ类反式激活因子(cⅡTA)基因编码区非同义单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点C19170G(Leu45Val)和C30799G(Ala500Gly)构成的4种不同单倍型cDNA的功能.方法 将4种不同单倍型的真核表达载体和卒载体分别转染至HeLa细胞.用RT-PCR和间接细胞免疫荧光技术检测未经转染的HeLa细胞、转染4种真核表达载体及卒载体的HeLa细胞cⅡTA mRNA与3种HLAⅡ类分子(HLA-DR、DP、DQ)的表达,并用流式细胞技术对其表达的3种HLAⅡ类蛋白进行定量分析.结果 未经转染和转染空载体的HeLa细胞均尤CⅡTA mRNA和3种HLAⅡ类分子的表达,而转染4种不同单倍型真核表达载体的HeLa细胞均出现CⅡTA mRNA表达,并表达3种HLAⅡ类分子.证实了转染4种不同单倍型真核表达载体后的HeLa细胞3种HLAⅡ类分子表达水平差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05).结论 中国人CⅡTA基因编码区这两个SNP位点的多态性(2个位点氨基酸的改变)不影响CⅡTA反式激活HLAⅡ类基因表达的能力.     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.     

A comparative study of the effects of dimebon,obsidan, finoptin,and cordaron on the functional state of ischemic focus and size of necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction

Dimebon, an antihistamine agent, exerts a moderate antianginal effect, improving the function of ischemic focus in the myocardium and decreasing the necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction. Dimebon is less active than obsidan, finoptin (except for the size of the necrotic zone), and cordaron. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 12, pp. 642–644, December, 1996     

Effects of sex steroid hormones on lipid peroxidation and glutathione antioxidant system in rat skin

Effects of estradiol and testosterone on the intensity of lipid peroxidation and contents of glutathione redox system components in the dermis and epidermis of rat skin were studied. Only estradiol induced considerable dose-dependent and tissue-specific biphasic antioxidant effects on the skin. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 12, pp. 663–666, December, 1999     

Adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells on surface-modified PEEK substrata

A series of surface-functionalized poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) films has been prepared by selective wet-chemistry; they are hydroxylated polymer (PEEK-OH) obtained by reduction, aminated polymer (PEEK-[]-NH2) prepared by coupling a diisocyanate reagent to PEEKOH (PEEK-[]-NCO) followed by hydrolysis, and carboxylated and aminocarboxylated polymers (PEEK-[]-GABA and PEEK-Lysine) resulting from the coupling of aminoacids to PEEK-[]-NCO. The aminated and carboxylated substrata promoted the adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells in the presence of serum. Fibronectin (FN), an extra-cellular matrix protein, has been covalently fixed and/or adsorbed on various PEEK substrata, in the presence or not of a polymeric surfactant (Pluronic F68). The performances of the FN-grafted substrata (PEEK-[]-FN(1) and PEEK-[]-FN(2)) were significantly higher than those of reference substrata simply coated with FN (PEEK-OH(+FN)(1) and (2), PEEK-[]-NH2(+FN)(1) and (2)), considering the adhesion and spreading of CaCo2 cells in the absence of serum. Moreover, the stability of the adherent cells on the FN-adsorbed substrata dramatically depended on the experimental conditions applied during the PEEK coating with FN.