慢性心房颤动对病窦综合征患者运动耐量的影响

病态窦房结综合征 (简称病窦 )是临床常见的心律失常 ,安置心脏起搏器后 ,部分患者可出现慢性心房颤动 (简称房颤 )。发生慢性房颤后 ,常用的治疗方式有 :1将其转复为窦性心律并用抗心律失常药物长期维持 ;2控制心室率并预防血栓形成和栓塞。对这两种治疗方式 ,究竟哪一种较好 ,是目前房颤治疗研究中急待解决的重要课题[1 ] 。在国内外一系列有关房颤治疗的研究中 ,若较好地控制心室率后 ,房颤本身对运动耐量有何影响尚未解决。我们选择无其他器质性心脏病证据的特发性病窦患者 ,在安置 型心脏起搏器后 ,以无房颤发生的病例为对照 ,比较其…     

主动呼吸循环技术对慢性心力衰竭病人肺功能及运动耐量的影响

目的:探讨主动呼吸循环技术对慢性心力衰竭病人肺功能及运动耐量的影响。方法:选择2022年1月—2022年4月在蚌埠医学院第一附属医院心血管内科住院的30例慢性心力衰竭病人为对照组,2022年6月—2022年9月住院的30例慢性心力衰竭病人为观察组。对照组给予缩唇呼吸训练,观察组给予主动呼吸循环技术,比较干预前、出院时两组病人肺功能[第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV₁)、用力肺活量(FVC)、每分钟最大自主通气量(MVV)]及运动耐量(6 min步行距离)。结果:出院时两组病人FEV₁、FVC、MVV水平均有不同程度改善,观察组改善程度更高(P<0.05),两组病人6 min步行距离均有增加,观察组增加更明显(P<0.05)。结论:主动循环呼吸技术应用于慢性心力衰竭病人中,对病人的肺功能和运动耐量提升均具有明显效果。     

二尖瓣病变患者术前肺功能的改变

自1991年6月至1992年12月,测定了40例二尖瓣病变患者术前的肺功能。结果显示82.5％的病人肺功能有损害,其中轻度损害为50％,中度损害的为27.5％,重度损害为5％。结论:二尖瓣病变常常导致患者的肺功能下降。术前测定二尖瓣病变患者的肺功能,有助于心肺功能的判断,有助于指导病人围术期中的处理。     

肺移植围术期膈肌运动与肺功能和运动耐量相关性的初步研究

目的:探讨肺移植围术期膈肌运动与肺功能和运动耐量之间的关联性,并进一步分析可能的影响因素,为肺移植围术期膈肌功能、肺功能等恢复提供参考。方法:以无锡市惠山区康复医院肺移植康复中心从2020年6月—2021年7月收治入院的61例肺移植围术期患者为研究对象(其中术前37例,术后24例)。入院进行病历书写,获取患者一般信息,完善相关检查,包括膈肌超声、常规肺功能(PFT)、6min步行试验等。采用独立样本t检验比较术前术后两组患者膈肌运动功能、肺功能和运动耐量的差异,Pearson相关性检验和典型相关性分析方法比较两组膈肌运动与肺功能和运动耐量相关性。结果:两组患者肺功能指标(FVC、FEV1)差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);在双变量相关性中,两组膈肌厚度之间、用力呼吸幅度和平静呼吸幅度之间呈极强或强正相关性(0.8相似文献   

轻中度哮喘患者与健康人的运动耐量对比研究

目的 :比较轻中度哮喘患者与健康人的运动心肺功能 ,研究运动对哮喘患者肺功能的影响 ,探讨轻中度哮喘患者提高运动耐量的可行性。方法 :采用负荷递增运动方案 ,对 2 0例轻中度哮喘患者及 2 0例健康志愿者进行了运动心肺功能试验。运动前后测一秒钟用力呼气容积 (FEV1 )、用力肺活量 (FVC)、最大呼气中段流量 (FEF 2 5 %- 75 % )、最大呼气末段流量 (FEF 75 % - 85 % )、呼气流量峰值 (PEF)等 ,运动中监测心率 (HR)、每分钟氧耗量(VO2 )、每分钟二氧化碳排出量 (VCO2 )、每分钟通气量 (VE)、氧脉搏 (O2 pulse)、呼吸频率 (BF)等。结果 :运动后 ,哮喘组与正常对照组的FVC、FEV1 、PEF、FEF 2 5 %— 75 %、FEF 75 %— 85 %均有所改善 ,有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5) ,但两组在改善的差值上无显著意义 (P >0 .0 5)。哮喘患者的最大作功、最大氧耗量 (VO2max)、最大二氧化碳排出量 (VCO2max)、最大每分钟通气量 (VEmax)均显著低于健康人 (P <0 .0 5) ,无氧阈提前出现。结论 :轻中度哮喘患者的运动能力低于健康人 ,但通过小负荷运动可改善肺功能     

运动训练对稳定型心绞痛患者运动耐量的影响

运动训练可提高冠心病患者心肌和骨骼肌利用氧的能力[1] ,从而提高患者的运动耐量。本研究旨在观察运动训练对稳定型心绞痛患者运动耐量的影响。1资料与方法1.1临床资料　本组病例为 1997年 8月— 2 0 0 2年 6月本院收治的 10 3例稳定型心绞痛患者。所有患者均符合 1978年WHO制定的诊断标准。将患者随机分为运动训练组和对照组。运动训练组 5 2例 ,其中男性34例、女性 18例 ,年龄 (5 3.1± 15 .7)岁 ;合并高血压病 2 3例、糖尿病 16例、高血脂症 2 6例。对照组 5 1例 ,其中男性 31例、女性 2 0例 ,年龄 (5 4 .2± 14 .2 )岁 ;合并高血压病…     

稳定期COPD患者家庭呼吸康复锻炼对肺功能和运动耐量的影响

慢性阻塞性肺疾病（chronic obstructive. pul-monary disease,COPD）以气流不可逆受限为特征,被认为是一种严重危害人群健康的常见病和多发病。COPD按病程可分为稳定期和急性发作期。稳定期患者给予适当的呼吸康复锻炼等干预措施可降低急性发作频率和程度,延缓肺功能恶化速度,改善患者的生活质量[1~3]。本次研究拟观察对稳定期COPD患者给予适当的呼吸康复训练后,进行家庭自我呼吸康复锻炼对患者肺功能和运动耐量的影响。     

康复训练对冠心病患者介入治疗后的运动耐量的影响

目的 察康复训练对冠心病经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）后患者运动耐量的影响。方法 确诊为冠心病并成功进行了首次PCI的患者57例，随机分为运动康复组（26例）和对照组（31例）．2组患者除行PCI治疗外，均采用相似的常规疗法（口服肠溶阿司匹林、硝酸酯类、转换酶抑制剂或他汀类药物等）。运动康复组于PCI术后第3天开始进行不同阶段、不同运动强度的康复训练，运动分为热身期，锻炼期、恢复期。3个月后，行心电图活动平板运动试验。观察活动平板运动试验运动前、运动中的心率、血压、心电图改变及心绞痛发作情况。结果 运动康复治疗3个月后，运动康复组与对照组静息及运动时心率、收缩压、舒张压、心率-血压双乘积差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），其总运动时间、运动至出现S段压低1mm时间、运动至心绞痛出现时间与对照组相比明显延长（P〈0．05或P〈0．01），最大运动耐量明显增加（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论 照运动处方进行的运动训练能明显缓解冠心病介入治疗后患者心绞痛症状及改善心电图缺血性S—T变化，提高冠心病介入治疗后患者的运动耐量，延长运动时间。     

运动训练对慢性心力衰竭患者运动耐量的影响

目的　探讨运动训练对慢性心力衰竭患者运动耐量的影响。方法　 70例患者随机分为 2组 ,A组 (n =3 4)运动培训 3周 ,B组 (n =3 6)限制活动 3周 ,然后比较 2组 6min内步行的距离、左室射血分数(超声心动图测定 )、血白介素 6(双抗体夹心法 )及去甲肾上腺素浓度 (荧光法测定 )的变化。结果　运动训练组患者试验后 6min步行距离 ( 3 85± 3 0 .12 )m ,血IL 6( 0 .86± 0 .2 5 ) pmol/L ,NE( 2 .0 5± 0 .48)nmol/L ,LVEF( 43± 5 .2 3 ) % ,上述各指标与对照组相比 ,差异均有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而且运动试验组试验前、后各指标的差异也有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,但对照组试验前、后差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　运动训练能改善慢性心力衰竭患者的运动能力及心功能 ,对慢性心力衰竭患者的康复治疗是有益的。     

健身操训练对慢性心力衰竭患者运动耐量的影响

目的通过中医健身操训练提高慢性心力衰竭患者运动能力,促进患者康复,降低患者医疗费用。方法将符合纳入条件的慢性心力衰竭患者随机分为实验组和对照组各30例,实验组在接受常规治疗和护理的同时,指导患者在病情稳定后进行康复训练:心功能Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级患者进行六字诀呼吸操训练,心功能Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级患者进行八段锦训练,并在出院后对患者进行1年的随访和指导,鼓励患者坚持六字诀呼吸操和八段锦练习。对照组患者仅进行常规治疗与护理。所有患者跟踪随访1年,观察两组患者6分钟步行距离(6MWT)、纽约心脏病协会(NYHA)心功能分级、脑钠肽水平的变化,统计1年内因心力衰竭住院的次数及医疗费用。结果与对照组相比,实验组患者在经过中医健身操训练1年后,6MWT步行距离增长,心功能分级及脑钠肽水平降低,1年内因为心力衰竭再次住院的次数较少,因为心力衰竭住院的总费用降低。结论中医健身操训练能提高慢性心力衰竭患者运动耐量,促进患者康复,降低医疗费用。     

Minimally invasive mitral valve repair and ablation of concomitant atrial fibrillation in a patient with severe hemophilia A

Minimally invasive mitral valve repair and ablation of atrial fibrillation, combined with FVIII level‐controlled replacement therapy, can be safely performed in patients with severe hemophilia.     

肺康复锻炼对肺癌根治术患者术后呼吸功能恢复及运动耐力的影响

目的 分析肺康复锻炼对肺癌根治术患者术后呼吸功能恢复及运动耐力的影响.方法 选取于我院接受肺癌根治术的148例患者,根据随机数字表法将其分为对照组与观察组,各74例.对照组术后给予常规护理干预,观察组在常规护理基础上给予肺康复锻炼.比较两组的护理效果.结果 随访结束后,两组的FVC、FEV1、FEV1％、FEV1/FV...     

Curative surgery for atrial fibrillation: current status and minimally invasive approaches

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common disorder of heart rhythm. Affecting 2.2 million Americans and millions more worldwide, AF is a dangerous and costly epidemic. AF is associated with an increased risk of stroke, premature death and billions of dollars in healthcare expenditures. Traditional treatments of AF, which include medications aimed at rate or rhythm control have been disappointing, leaving most patients in AF and failing to eliminate the risk of stroke. In contrast, advances in surgical and catheter-based therapies offer the chance to cure AF. With more than a decade of experience, surgical treatment of AF is the most effective means of curing this arrhythmia. The classic Maze procedure eliminates AF in more than 90% of patients. A complex but safe operation, the Maze procedure is applied by relatively few surgeons. Recently, however, there has been a resurgence of interest in surgical treatment of AF. Advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of AF and development of new ablation technologies enable surgeons to perform pulmonary vein ablation and create linear left atrial lesions rapidly and safely. Such procedures, which are generally applied to patients with AF and valvular heart disease, add 15 minutes to operative time and cure AF in approximately 80% of patients. New ablation technologies have been adapted to enable thoracoscopic and minimally invasive surgical AF ablation in patients with isolated AF, extending the possibility of cure to large numbers of patients.     

运动训练对尘肺患者肺功能及运动耐力的影响

目的:观察呼吸训练结合全身运动训练对改善尘肺患者肺功能、运动耐力等方面的影响。方法:将在我院住院的60例尘肺患者随机分为康复组和对照组,每组各30例,2组均接受常规对症治疗,康复组同时增加运动训练包括踏车运动、呼吸锻炼等。踏车运动每天20min,每周不少于5次,呼吸锻炼选择在卧位、坐位和站位以及行走状态下进行,每天2次,每次不少于20min,共观察8周。治疗前后检测2组肺功能主要指标,包括肺活量(VC,vital capacity),用力肺活量(FVC,forced vital capacity),第1秒时间用力呼出量(FEVl,forced expiratory volume in 1second)和运动耐力水平(6min步行试验)。结果:治疗2个月后,康复组肺功能、6min步行距离与治疗前及对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);对照组治疗前后各指标比较差异无统计学意义。结论:运动训练可以提高尘肺患者的肺功能和运动耐力,提高患者生存质量。     

Atrial fibrillation and mitral valve repair

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is present in 30–40% of patients presenting for mitral valve surgery. In patients undergoing mitral valve repair, the presence of AF may be associated with increased mortality and morbidity and this is also the case in patients in whom AF persists postoperatively. Advances in understanding the pathogenesis of AF led to techniques that include both mitral valve repair and ablation of AF. The concomitant surgical treatment of AF during mitral surgery has become a commonly performed procedure, which was shown to be safe and which may improve the outcome for patients. AF after mitral valve replacement is an accepted indication for anticoagulation, but the data supporting anticoagulation in patients after mitral valve repair who convert to sinus rhythm are sparse. This article reviews the available data regarding outcomes of mitral repair and how they are influenced by AF and its therapy.     

Comparison of inhaled and intravenous milrinone in patients with pulmonary hypertension undergoing mitral valve surgery

Introduction  Increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) is detrimental to cardiac output in postoperative cardiac-surgery patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the postoperative hemodynamic effects of milrinone inhalation, and determine whether it has a selective effect of pulmonary vasodilation in patients with pulmonary hypertension undergoing mitral valve replacement surgery. Methods  In this study, 48 patients with pulmonary hypertension who underwent mitral valve replacement surgery were included. Patients were randomly divided into two groups with 24 patients in each: the inhaled group and the control group (intravenous [i.v.] milrinone). In the inhaled group, milrinone was administered with a jet nebulizer, and nebulized for 4 hours. In the control group, patients received a bolus of 50 μg/kg i.v. milrinone, then received a continuous milrinone infusion, 0.5 μg/kg/min, for 4 hours. A number of hemodynamic changes in all patients were evaluated. Results  With milrinone administration, mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) and PVR showed a comparable decrease in both groups. However, after initiation of milrinone, both mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance in the inhaled group were significantly higher than in the control group. MPAP and PVR returned to baseline values 60 minutes after termination of milrinone inhalation. In addition, in the inhaled group, there was a reduction in intrapulmonary shunt fraction (Qs/Qt), with an improvement in PaO₂/FiO₂ (arterial oxygen tension/fraction of inspired oxygen). Conclusion  The major advantage of inhaled milrinone is its pulmonary selectivity, thereby avoiding systemic side effects and ventilationperfusion mismatch. Inhaled milrinone is an effective pulmonary vasodilator and appears to be an alternative promising approach in addressing the problem of right-ventricular decompensation following cardiopulmonary bypass.     

心脏瓣膜置换同期行双极射频消融术治疗房颤的临床疗效

目的探讨心脏瓣膜置换同期行双极射频消融术(BRFA)治疗心房纤颤(AF)的临床疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析2011年1月至2012年12月在瓣膜置换术同期行BRFA治疗的90例AF患者临床资料,患者在全身麻醉开胸直视体外循环下行瓣膜置换术及BRFA。术后随访患者心脏彩色超声、心电图等指标,分析比较其疗效。结果患者动脉阻断时间为65~120 min,平均(75.5±24.5)min,体外循环时间为45~200 min,平均(112.5±30.8)min;BRFA时间为13~28min,平均(21.5±7.5)min。随访结果表明91.11%患者术后3个月维持窦性心律,术后12个月左心房、左心室径线较术前明显减小,左心室射血分数较术前明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);同时房颤持续时间、术前左房径线及左室径线对手术成功有影响。结论心脏瓣膜置换术同期行BRFA治疗AF安全、简便且效果良好,值得临床推广应用。     

不同强度有氧运动对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后患者心功能及运动耐力的影响

目的:探讨不同强度有氧运动对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后患者心功能及运动耐力的影响。方法:将65例PCI术后患者随机分为高强度(峰值功率的80%)间歇有氧运动组(22例)、中等强度(峰值功率的60%)有氧运动组(21例)、对照组(22例)。高强度运动组以3min训练、1min休息的间歇训练模式进行,每次训练10组,共40min。中等强度运动组每次持续训练40min,两组患者均训练12周,每周3次,所有患者训练前后均行超声心动图及心肺运动试验(CPET)评估患者心功能及运动耐力。结果:训练前3组患者的左室射血分数(LVEF)、峰值功率(PP)、运动持续时间(ED)、峰值摄氧量(VO2peak)、无氧阈(AT)均无显著差异(P0.05);训练后高强度运动组及中等强度运动组PP、ED、VO2peak比较差异具有显著性(P0.05),且均优于对照组(P0.05);中等强度运动组与对照组LVEF差异并无显著性(P0.05),但均与高强度运动组有显著差异(P0.05);AT仅高强度运动组比对照组明显增高(P0.05)。结论:与中等强度持续有氧运动相比,高强度间歇有氧运动可以更好地改善PCI术后患者的左室收缩功能及有氧代谢能力,提高患者的运动耐力。     

组织二尖瓣环位移评价冠状动脉慢血流患者左心房功能

目的 探讨组织二尖瓣环位移（TMAD）评价冠状动脉慢血流（CSF）患者左心房功能的应用价值。方法 44例CSF患者（CSF组）和42例无CSF患者（对照组）行常规超声心动图检查，采用Simpson法计算左心房射血分数（LAEF）、被动射血分数（LAPEF）和主动射血分数（LAAEF），采用TMAD检测二尖瓣环左心房充盈期位移、被动排空期位移及心房收缩期位移（TMAD_D、TMAD_P及TMAD_S）。结果 与对照组比较，CSF组LAEF和LAAEF降低，且TMAD_D和TAMD_S均降低（P均<0.01）。CSF组TMAD_D和TAMD_S均与冠状动脉平均血流帧数（TFC）呈负相关（r=-0.31，-0.36，P均<0.01）。结论 CSF患者左心房储器及泵功能降低，且冠状动脉血流速度越慢，功能降低越显著。TMAD可快速准确评价左心房功能，为临床治疗及预后评估提供重要依据。     

Characteristic P wave morphology in patients undergoing the atrial compartment operation for chronic atrial fibrillation with mitral valve disease

The P wave in the surface ECG represents atrial electrical activation and may be altered in certain pathological conditions. Atrial compartment operation has been used to convert chronic AF to sinus rhythm. However, this procedure may result in changes of impulse conduction in various atrial compartments and alters the P wave morphology. This study sought to elucidate the P wave changes after the atrial compartment operation for AF. Fifteen patients undergoing the atrial compartment operation for chronic AF were studied. In the operation, the atrium was divided into three compartments, namely the left atrium, the atrial septum including sinus and AV nodes, and the right atrial compartment. The anatomic connection between adjacent compartments were preserved at the posterior lower margin of incisions. The surface lead P waves were correlated with intracardiac recording and stimulation in various atrial compartments. Fifteen age- and sex-matched control patients without structural heart diseases were compared. The results showed that patients undergoing the atrial compartment operation had a prolonged P wave duration (190 +/- 27 v s95 +/- 14 ms, P < 0.001), a prolonged PR interval (207 +/- 23 vs 155 +/- 20 ms, P < 0.001), and a shortened PR segment (17 +/- 19 vs 60 +/- 17 ms, P < 0.001). The increase in P wave duration was primarily due to a conduction delay from the sinus node to the other atrial compartments as the conduction time from the high right atrium to the right atrial appendage was 132 +/- 57 ms(vs 21 +/- 6 ms for control,P < 0.001), and the conduction time from the high right atrium to the distal coronary sinus was 140 +/- 55 ms(vs 70 +/- 15 ms, P < 0.001). However, the conduction from the high right atrium to the low septal right atrium, which were located in the same compartment, was not impaired. Also, the conduction in the AV node and His-Purkinje system were not impaired. The mean axis of P waves varied greatly, but was not statistically different from that of the control group (60 +/- 48 degrees vs 52 +/- 18 degrees,P > 0.05). Although the patients undergoing atrial compartment operation had a larger left atrial size, their P wave amplitude was smaller (1.0 +/- 0.3 vs 1.3 +/- 0.3 mm, P < 0.01), and an increased negative terminal force in V1 was not seen (0.02 +/- 0.02 vs 0.02 +/- 0.01 mm/s, P > 0.05). Alteration in P wave morphology was seen in 14 patients. All the P waves showed a biphasic configuration with an initial positive and a terminal slurred negative deflection in leads II, III, and aVF. The terminal components represented the activation of right atrial appendage in 5 patients, the left atrium in 1, and the combined activation of right atrial appendage and the left atrium in 8 patients. The P wave morphology suggested that activation of both the right atrial appendage and the left atrial compartments proceeded in a caudocranial direction as a result of the atrial incisions. In conclusion, atrial compartment operation altered the conduction time and direction in the atria and resulted in characteristic P wave changes.