通过食管测压判定舒丽启能对内镜阴性的胃食管反流病食管动力学的影响

目的:通过食管测压判定舒丽启能对内镜阴性的胃食管反流病食管动力学的影响。方法:选择27例已确诊的内镜阴性的胃食管反流病患者,口服舒丽启能一个月,治疗前后进行食管测压。结果:治疗前后LESP,LES松弛率,蠕动性收缩所占比率均有显著差异。结论:舒丽启能可以作为内镜阴性的胃食管反流病的药物治疗手段之一。     

通过食管测压判定舒丽启能对内镜阴性的胃食管反流病食管动力学的影响

目的:通过食管测压判定舒丽启能对内镜阴性的胃食管反流病食管动力学的影响;方法:选择27例已确诊的内镜阴性的胃食管反流病患者,口服舒丽启能一个月,治疗前后进行食管测压;结果:治疗前后LESP,LES松弛率,蠕动性收缩所占比率均有显著差异;结论:舒丽启能可以作为内镜阴性的胃食管反流病的药物治疗手段之一。     

Esophageal abnormalities in patients with chest pain and normal coronary angiograms

AIMS: To evaluate the frequency and the variety of esophageal abnormalities in patients with chest pain and normal coronary angiograms. PATIENTS AND METHODS:: We have conducted a prospective study including patients with noncardiac chest pain based on normal coronary angiograms. We performed for all patients an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring and stationary esophageal manometry. RESULTS: Fifty patients were studied on a 3-year period (24 men and 26 women, mean age: 51.5 years). Gastroesophageal reflux disease was found on 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring in 29 patients (58%), associated with a good symptomatic correlation in 17 patients (34%). Esophageal motor disorders as nutcracker esophagus and diffuse esophageal spasm were found in 6 patients (12%) associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease in two cases. Independent factors associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease and esophageal motor disorders were respectively presence of regurgitations (p = 0.005 : adjusted OR[IC95%] : 3.57 [1.28 - 16.66]) and age higher than 58 years (p = 0.01 : adjusted OR[IC95%]: 2.77 [1.33 - 12.50]). CONCLUSIONS: Gastroesophageal reflux disease is the most common esophageal abnormality n; patients with noncardiac chest pain. In the absence of regurgitations, 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring must be the first test to be performed.     

Occludin在胃食管反流病患者食管上皮细胞中的表达

目的 研究胃食管反流病患者食管上皮细胞Occhdin表达的变化.方法 选取62例胃食管反流病患者,其中反流性食管炎(RE)30例(RE组)、非糜烂性胃食管反流病(NERD)32例(NERD组),采用免疫组化技术对其食管下段上皮的Occludin分布表达进行检测,并以10例正常食管上皮作为对照组.结果 对照组Occhdin均正常表达.NERD组4例正常表达,28例不同程度异常表达,为细胞膜不完整表达、细胞质表达及表达缺失.RE组均异常表达;RE组和NERD组与对照组Occludin异常表达阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),而RE组与NERD组异常表达阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 胃食管反流病患者食管上皮Occhdin数量减少、分布异常,影响黏膜上皮屏障的完整性,可能是胃食管反流病的发病机制之一,而RE与NERD患者Occludin异常表达无明显差异.     

Oecludin在胃食管反流病患者食管上皮细胞中的表达

目的研究胃食管反流病患者食管上皮细胞Oecludin表达的变化。方法选取62例胃食管反流病患者,其中反流性食管炎（RE）30例（RE组）、非糜烂性胃食管反流病（NERD）32例（NERD组）,采用免疫组化技术对其食管下段上皮的Oecludin分布表达进行检测,并以10例正常食管上皮作为对照组。结果对照组Oecludin均正常表达。NERD组4例正常表达,28例不同程度异常表达,为细胞膜不完整表达、细胞质表达及表达缺失。RE组均异常表达;RE组和NERD组与对照组0ccludin异常表达阳性率比较差异有统计学意义（p〈0．01）,而RE组与NERD组异常表达阳性率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论胃食管反流病患者食管上皮Oecludin数量减少、分布异常,影响黏膜上皮屏障的完整性,可能是胃食管反流病的发病机制之一,而RE与NERD患者Oecludin异常表达无明显差异。     

Laparoscopic treatment of gastro-esophageal reflux by fundoplication

The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the results of the laparoscopic fundoplication for gastroesophageal reflux disease. From January 1997 to February 2001, we performed 8 laparoscopic fundoplication. They are 5 men and 3 women with mean age of 45 [30-67 years]. The delay of apparition the symptoms varied from 6 months to 14 years. Seven patients had a heart burn. The preoperative evaluation included endoscopy, gastrointestinal contrast radiography, 24 hour pH monitoring and esophageal manometry. The surgical procedures were partial fundoplication (Toupet) in 7 cases and complete fundoplication (Nissen) in 1 case. There was no postoperative mortality. Two patients had a postoperative dysphagia. Two patients had persistent epigastric pain without gastroesophageal reflux in endoscopy and esophageal manometry. Laparoscopic fundoplication for treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease is a safe and effective procedure with satisfying results.     

二尖瓣脱垂综合征163例分析

目的　了解二尖瓣脱垂综合征的临床表现。方法　对 16 3例二尖瓣脱垂综合征患者的症状、体征、心电图以及超声心动图进行分析。结果　 (1)大部分患者无症状 ,有症状的主要表现为胸痛、心悸、头晕、乏力、焦虑等。典型体征为心尖区闻及喀喇音和收缩期杂音。 (2 )心电图表现各异 ,呈非特异性。 (3)超声心动图可直接观察二尖瓣脱垂部位、程度和二尖瓣关闭不全程度。结论　典型的症状、体征对发现本病有一定价值 ,但由于部分患者缺乏症状和体征 ,心电图表现非特异性 ,故诊断有赖于超声心动图     

女性支气管扩张并发胃食管反流病380例问卷调查分析

目的:探讨女性支气管扩张与胃食管返流病的关系。方法:通过对吉林大学第一医院呼吸科2009～2011年收治的380例女性支气管扩张患者采用GerdQ问卷评分,症状不典型者采用食道下段PH监测的方法,评分总分>12分和pH值<4持续10 s以上可诊断为胃食管返流病。结果:共筛选出48例患者同时合并有胃食管返流病(GERD),占12.6%。48例患者中GERD症状不明显者为8例(16.7%),有GRED症状者40例(83.3%)。其中表现为上腹部、胸骨后疼痛10例,烧心19例,返酸20例,吞咽困难1例。结论:女性支气管扩张患者易并发GERD。女性支气管扩张进行常规抗感染、清洁气道治疗效果欠佳者要考虑其合并胃食管返流病的可能,进行抗酸反流治疗,以提高疗效。     

Frequency of esophageal motor disorders in patients with dysphagia and normal upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy. A manometric study of 289 cases

289 esophageal manometries performed for 7 years to patients with dysphagia and normal upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy were analyzed, excluding patients with systemic sclerosis and preoperative manometries for gastroesophageal reflux disease. Esophageal motor disorders are frequent in patients with non obstructive dysphagia. Esophageal manometry is important to perform in these patients. Specific treatment is required in patients with achalasia. Systemic sclerosis and gastroesophageal reflux disease should be suspected in patients with esophageal hypomotility.     

Gastroesophageal reflux disease in adults: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) refers to symptoms or tissue damage that result from gastroesophageal reflux. Reflux esophagitis is a subset of GERD and implies the presence of esophageal inflammation, ie, esophageal erosions that are visible endoscopically, or nonerosive inflammation that can be documented by biopsies. Heartburn is the most common and specific symptom of GERD. In some patients, chest pain or respiratory symptoms may be the only presenting signs. In patients aged < 50 years with uncomplicated GERD, empiric therapy (typically with antacids or an H2-receptor antagonist) is appropriate. For older patients, those with complications, and those whose symptoms do not respond to empiric therapy, endoscopic evaluation is indicated. Many patients will improve with standard twice-daily dosing of an H2-receptor antagonist. However, GERD is generally more resistant to antisecretory pharmacologic therapy than is peptic ulcer disease. Those patients who fail to respond to standard dosing of an H2-receptor antagonist may get relief from high-dose H2-receptor antagonists or omeprazole therapy.     

The esophageal chest pain. An update for clinicians

Chest pain is a common symptom and even when there is evidence of only minor obstructive coronary artery disease on angiography, it leads to disability and imposes a substantial economic burden on health care system. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and esophageal dysmotility disorders are thought to play an important role in the genesis of non-cardiac chest pain. Its pathogenetic mechanism remains unclear. The esophageal origin of the symptom may be identified by an aggressive trial of high-dose antisecretory drugs or an abnormal prolonged ambulatory pH monitoring study. Endoscopy is often normal and less useful in this population than in those with heartburn as presenting symptom. The use of manometry, with provocative testing to evaluate for esophageal motility abnormalities or esophageal sensitivity, allows optimal evaluation of those who do not have GERD. Patients with non-cardiac chest pain of unknown origin should be carefully screened for the occurrence of esophageal disorders but further research is needed to clarify the role of the latter on the pathogenesis of this symptom.     

Mitral valve prolapse in eating and panic disorder: A pilot study

The prevalence of echocardiographic mitral valve prolapse (MVP) and arrhythmias was studied in controls (n = 23) and patients with panic disorder (n = 14), bulimia nervosa (n = 14), and anorexia nervosa (n = 21). There was approximately twice the rate of MVP in patient groups compared to controls, a statistically insignificant difference. Importantly, the presence of prolapse was not associated with measures of weight or depression but there was a trend for MVP to be associated with anxiety disorder in bulimic patients. There were no significant arrhythmias found. These results raise the possibility that MVP may not be a state weight-related phenomenon as has been proported, but rather a trait phenomenon reflecting comorbidity with anxiety disorder.     

The value of ambulatory 24-hour esophageal manometry in the diagnosis of retrosternal pain of non-cardiac origin

The clinical relevance of a system of ambulatory 24-hour oesophageal pressure and pH recording with automated data analysis was investigated in 33 unselected patients with non-cardiac chest pain. After conventional manometry with edrophonium (Tensilon) provocation, 24-hour oesophageal pH and pressure monitoring was performed. In 17 patients conventional manometry, edrophonium provocation and 24-hour pH recording revealed an oesophageal origin of the symptoms: 6 patients had oesophageal motility disorders, 3 were positive responders to edrophonium and 8 had chest pain associated with gastro-oesophageal reflux. In none of the patients who had a pain attack during prolonged oesophageal pressure recording, was a new motility disorder detected.     

Mitral Value Prolapse and Symptoms of Negative Affectivity in Adolescents

A potential association between mitral valve prolapse and symptoms of fear, anxiety, and depression in children and adolescents has not been well-documented despite the prevalence of this cardiac condition and a demonstrated linkage of these variables in adults. To preliminarily address this situation, we compared adolescents with mitral valve prolapse, a control group of adolescents with another cardiac condition, and normative values for the dependent measures used in this study. Results indicated that youngsters aware of having mitral valve prolapse rated themselves as significantly more anxious and depressed than youngsters in the control group and normative values. The implications of this study for future research are discussed.     

小儿胃食管返流的X线诊断价值

目的　评价小儿胃食管返流的X线诊断价值。方法　回顾30例小儿胃食管返流的X线表现,并与其它诊断小儿胃食管返流的方法进行比较。结果　造影剂返流入食管下段4例,中段19例,上段7例,合并返流性食管炎8例,合并肺部吸入性肺炎3例,食管气管瘘1例,早期食管裂孔疝1例,幽门痉挛2例。结论　应用X线造影检查是诊断小儿胃食管返流的最主要手段,并在指导临床治疗方面具有重要的应用价值。     

Evaluation of esophageal pathology in a group of patients 2 years after one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) — Cohort study

BackgroundOne-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) is a well established surgical procedure for morbid obesity. There are ongoing speculations and a debate regarding biliary reflux (BR) following OAGB. Studies considered OAGB as a risk for symptomatic and asymptomatic BR and marginal ulceration. The aim of the study was to evaluate the rate of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and esophagitis in microscopic and macroscopic evaluations among post OAGB patients diagnosed by means of upper endoscopy (UE) with a mucosal biopsy, and to assess the influence of comorbidities and medical history on endoscopic findings.MethodsPatients operated between 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2017 were schedule, two years after OAGB for UE with a biopsy. In all cases, biopsies from the distal esophagus were obtained. All patients received a validated GERD-Health-Related Quality of Life questionnaire to assess their current symptoms.ResultsFifty patients were finally enrolled in the study. Twenty-four (48%) had grade A or B esophagitis. Four patients (8%) had endoscopically suspected esophageal metaplasia (ESEM). 34/50 (68%) patients had various histopathological esophageal changes, based on the conducted endoscopy, among which four cases of Barrett’s esophagus were observed.ConclusionsDespite the high rates of esophagitis in our cohort, most of the patients did not report any symptoms which confirm the thesis of the essential role of asymptomatic bile reflux following OAGB. Theoretically, chronic bile reflux can degenerate Barrett’s esophagus into esophageal cancer.     

Management of noncardiac chest pain in women

Noncardiac chest pain (NCCP) is very prevalent in the community. Although mortality remains low, morbidity and the financial implications are high. Women, especially those of middle age, should be thoroughly investigated as per current guidelines for coronary artery disease before labeling their chest pain as NCCP. Gastroesophageal reflux disease is the most common cause of NCCP; however other esophageal pathology including esophageal hypersensitivity, neuromuscular disease and eosinophilic esophagitis may also cause NCCP. Proton pump inhibitors are commonly used initially to manage NCCP, although patients who do not respond to this therapy require further investigation and differing treatment regimes. This article will focus on current knowledge regarding GI tract-related NCCP management strategies.     

二尖瓣成形术治疗二尖瓣关闭不全的疗效分析

目的分析二尖瓣瓣膜成形术(MVP)治疗中重度二尖瓣关闭不全(MR)患者的临床疗效。 方法以2013年6月至2017年6月徐州医科大学附属沭阳医院心胸外科收治的28例行MVP的MR患者为研究对象行回顾性分析,其中男性17例,女性11例;年龄50～72岁,平均(61.5±10.6)岁。所有患者术前均存在中重度MR。术前根据患者的合并症、病变部位的定位和合并腱索断裂与否,评估选择可行的MVP术式及合并手术：所有患者均采用正中切口、体外循环下手术治疗,术中行二尖瓣楔形切除、矩形切除及缘对缘缝合方法修补二尖瓣,合并腱索断裂或腱索冗长的行e-PTFE线人工腱索植入,常规行二尖瓣成型环植入,术中注水观察评估瓣膜成行效果。术中采取的二尖瓣成形方法统计：7例(25.0%)植入1～3根腱索,行二尖瓣矩切除术9例(32.1%),二尖瓣楔形切除术8例(28.6%),二尖瓣缘对缘缝合4例(14.3%),所有患者均置入鞍形二尖瓣成形环。对于合并心房颤动的患者同期行单纯左心耳切除术(LAA),或心房颤动射频消融术(AB)＋LAA;合并冠心病,则同期行冠状动脉搭桥术(CABG);合并中度及以上的三尖瓣关闭不全,则同期行三尖瓣成形环植入手术(TVP)。1例(3.6%)患者行MVP＋CABG,1例(3.6%)行MVP＋TVP＋LAA;3例(10.7%)行MVP＋TVP＋AB＋LAA;5例(17.9%)行MVP＋TVP;18例(64.3%)行单纯MVP。术后予华法林抗凝治疗3～6个月,合并心房颤动者终身抗凝治疗。统计所有患者采取的手术方式,包括合并手术、二尖瓣成形方法;对比患者术前及术后2年的返流、心功能改善情况以及LAD、左心室舒张末内径(LVEDD)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)水平的差异。 结果所有患者术前均为中重度返流,术后2年复查心脏彩超：21例(75.0%)无明显二尖瓣返流,6例(21.4%)二尖瓣轻度返流,1例(3.6%)二尖瓣中度返流。且所有患者的心功能较术前均提升1 ～ 2级。术前LAD[(49.42±12.58)mm],术后2年LAD[(38.17±9.84)mm],术前LVEDD[(50.91±7.93)mm],术后LVEDD[(44.37±7.42)mm],术后均较术前明显缩小;术前LVEF(51.69±9.71)%,术后LVEF(62.79±8.53)%,术后LVEF较术前明显增加。 结论MVP治疗MR安全有效、疗效显著,但远期效果还待进一步研究随访。     

食管粘膜胃全层吻合——贲门成形术后抗胃食管返流功能的临床流行病学研究

作者设计并在临床上了一种新的手术方法以预防食管贲门癌手术后的胃食管返流。１９９４年４月－１９９５年１２月随机抽取３４例作实验研究组，同期使用吻合器吻合的２７例为对照组，术后进行了观察，监测和随访。研究组病例无胃食管返流症状，食管镜检查，钡餐造影无明显返流。     

食管中段癌切除术后食管胃吻合附加改良Nissen折叠术的抗反流作用探讨

目的 探讨食管中段癌切除术后食管胃吻合附加改良Nissen折叠术的抗反流作用.方法 将82例食管中段癌患者按随机数字表法分为两组,分别采用食管癌切除常规吻合器吻合（对照组,41例）和常规器械吻合基础上附加改良Nissen折叠术（观察组,41例）.术后3个月,对两组患者进行EORTC QLQ-C30问卷调查,并进行食管测压及内镜检查.结果 两组患者术后并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,无围手术期死亡.观察组烧心和胃液反流评分[分别为（13.2±6.1）,（16.9±3.9）分]明显低于对照组[分别为（25.6±7.2）,（26.6±4.2）分],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,而吞咽困难评分两组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.观察组吻合部位静息压[（3.5±2.3）mmHg,1 mmHg =0.133 kPa]高于胃内压[（2.7±2.1）mmHg],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.观察组DeMeester评分为（54±32）分,低于对照组的（141±84）分,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.观察组的反流性食管炎发生率为48.8％（20/41）,要明显低于对照组的75.6％（31/41）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 食管胃吻合附加改良Nissen折叠术可增加吻合部位的压力,具有降低胃食管反流、减轻反流性食管炎和胃食管反流症状的作用.