肝硬化脾行脾次全切除术前后脾脏基质金属蛋白酶及其抑制剂的表达

目的 了解肝硬化充血性脾肿大伴脾亢时行脾次全切除术前后脾脏基质金属蛋白酶及其抑制剂的表达变化。方法 用60％CCl4加5％乙醇制作大鼠肝纤维化模型，然后行脾次全切除术，用原位杂交和免疫组化的方法观察手术前后脾脏中膜型基质金属蛋白酶－1（MT1－MMP）、基质金属蛋白酶2（MMP2）、基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂－1（TIMP1）的表达。结果 原位杂交显示，脾脏中MT1－MMP、MMP2、TIMP1 mRNA的表达主要在血管内皮和血窦内皮细胞、成纤维细胞及网状细胞中，多位于红髓、脾索和脾小梁。蓝紫色阳性物质分布于胞质中。图像分析表明手术前后比较无明显差异（P＞0.05)。MMP9的免疫组化染色显示，棕黄色的阳性物质主要分布在红髓和边缘带的吞噬细胞和中性粒细胞中，图像分析表明手术前后比较均无统计学差异（P＞0.05)。结论 脾次全切除术后保留的残脾其纤维化程度未见加重。     

门静脉高压症脾大部切除后残脾基质金属蛋白酶及其抑制剂的变化

目的检测门静脉高压症脾大部切除后残脾组织和血清基质金属蛋白酶及其抑制剂的表达和水平,探讨脾纤维化的分子机制及保脾术的临床价值。方法选取门静脉高压脾肿大患者13 例。术中切取脾组织为巨脾组,术后8 年穿刺获取脾组织为残脾组,设外伤性脾破裂患者13 例为对照组。采用免疫组织化学法、实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（qRT-PCR）及酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）检测脾脏组织和血清基质金属蛋白酶MMP-2、MMP-9、组织金属蛋白酶抑制物TIMP-1、TIMP-2 的表达和水平。结果3 组脾组织中,MMP-2、MMP-9、TIMP-1、TIMP-2 蛋白阳性表达主要分布在巨噬细胞内。残脾组和巨脾组脾组织MMP-2、MMP-9、TIMP-1 和TIMP-2 蛋白阳性表达率和基因表达与对照组比较,均差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）,残脾组和巨脾组升高;残脾组和巨脾组之间比较则差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。残脾组和巨脾组血清MMP-2、MMP-9、TIMP-1 和TIMP-2 水平与对照组比较,均差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）,残脾组和巨脾组升高;残脾组和巨脾组之间比较差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。结论门静脉高压症脾肿大患者脾大部切除术后残脾组织MMP-2、MMP-9、TIMP-1 及TIMP-2 蛋白和基因表达增加,血清蛋白水平升高,提示残脾组织基质金属蛋白酶和组织金属蛋白酶抑制物代谢失调。     

Laparoscopic partial splenectomy for large splenic epidermoid cyst

Splenic epidermoid cysts are relatively rare lesions traditionally treated by splenectomy. Concerns about overwhelming postsplenectomy sepsis have led to the development of splenic preservation procedures in the treatment of cystic diseases of the spleen. Better understanding of the splenic segmental anatomy and advances in laparoscopic skills has made laparoscopic partial splenectomy a preferred treatment for splenic cysts while preserving splenic function. We reported a case of a 30-year-old male patient with a large epidermoid splenic cyst managed successfully by laparoscopic partial splenectomy. The patient recovered well after operation and was asymptomatic on a follow-up of 1 year with no recurrence on ultrasonography and a normal platelet count. Laparoscopic partial cystectomy is an acceptable procedure for the treatment of splenic cysts which locate in the pole of spleen. On the one hand, it cures the disease preserving the splenic tissue without risk of bleeding or recurrence; on the other hand, this minimally invasive technique induces a reduced hospital stay and a more rapid recovery.     

腹腔镜部分脾切除治疗巨大脾表皮样囊肿一例

Splenic epidermoid cysts are relatively rare lesions traditionally treated by splenectomy. Concerns about overwhelming postsplenectomy sepsis have led to the development of splenic preservation procedures in the treatment of cystic diseases of the spleen. Better understanding of the splenic segmental anatomy and advances in laparoscopic skills has made laparoscopic partial splenectomy a preferred treatment for splenic cysts while preserving splenic function. We report a rare case of a 30-year-old male patient with a large epidermoid splenic cyst managed successfully by laparoscopic partial splenectomy. The patient recovered well after operation and was asymptomatic on a follow-up of 1 year with no recurrence on ultrasonography and a normal platelet count. Laparoscopic partial cystectomy is an acceptable procedure for the treatment of splenic cysts which locate in the pole of spleen. On the one hand, it cures the disease preserving the splenic tissue without risk of bleeding or recurrence; on the other hand, this minimally invasive technique reduces hospital stay and the patient recovery rapidly.     

Laparoscopic partial splenectomy for large splenic epidermoid cyst

Splenic epidermoid cysts are relatively rare lesions traditionally treated by splenectomy. Concerns about overwhelming postsplenectomy sepsis have led to the development of splenic preservation procedures in the treatment of cystic diseases of the spleen. Better understanding of the splenic segmental anatomy and advances in laparoscopic skills has made laparoscopic partial splenectomy a preferred treatment for splenic cysts while preserving splenic function. We reported a case of a 30-year-old male patient with a large epidermoid splenic cyst managed successfully by laparoscopic partial splenectomy. The patient recovered well after operation and was asymptomatic on a follow-up of 1 year with no recurrence on ultrasonography and a normal platelet count. Laparoscopic partial cystectomy is an acceptable procedure for the treatment of splenic cysts which locate in the pole of spleen. On the one hand, it cures the disease preserving the splenic tissue without risk of bleeding or recurrence; on the other hand, this minimally invasive technique induces a reduced hospital stay and a more rapid recovery.

     

儿童自体脾组织移植40例疗效观察

目的　探讨儿童自体脾组织移植的疗效和临床意义。方法　４０ 例儿童外伤性脾破裂脾切除后行自体脾组织片移植在大网膜,随访１ ～６ａ。结果　３７ 例术后第５ｗｋ,患儿血小板和ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ恢复正常（９２ ．５％ ） 。３ 例血小板高于正常（７ ．５ ％） 。２５ 例行放射性核素９９ｍ Ｔｃ 扫描,可见浓密的移植脾片影。结论　儿童自体脾组织片移植成为外伤性脾破裂脾切除术后保持脾脏功能的一种安全有效的方法。     

脾外伤脾部分切除术52例体会

目的　评价脾部分切除术手术方法及临床效果。方法　对 5 2例Gall分级属 2级、3级脾破裂患者行脾部分切除术 ;对残脾的血供和功能、脾断面止血、相对手术适应证加以分析。结果　保留脾脏达 2 5 %～ 5 0 %者 2 6例 ,5 0 %～ 67%者 18例 ,67%～ 75 %者 8例。术后无 1例再出血 ,长期发热 ,膈下感染。结论　脾部分切除术对中、重度脾损伤患者是一种较好的 ,安全可行的保脾性术式     

Role of dissection of secondary branches of splenic pedicle in portal hypertension cases undergoing splenectomy

Background It is well known that conventional splenectomy, which requires careful handling and ligation of tissue of the splenic hilum, can easily cause complications such as splenic fever and pancreatic fistula. Here, we use the technique of dissection of the secondary branches of the splenic pedicle to handle the hilum in the portal hypertension patients who are subjected to splenectomy. Methods We retrospectively compared and analyzed the complications, postoperative hospital stay, operative time, and occurrence of hemorrhage in 121 patients with portal hypertension undergoing splenectomy and devascularization of the gastric cardia from January 1999 to December 2007. The selected cases consisted of 51 patients undergoing conventional splenectomy and 70 patients undergoing dissection of secondary branches of the splenic pedicle. In addition, we analyzed the relationship between size of the spleen and occurrence of complications. Results The incidence of pancreatic fistula and splenic fever （0/70 and 9/70） was lower in patients undergoing dissection of secondary branches of the splenic pedicle as compared with that of the conventional group （5/51 and 18/51 respectively）. In addition, there was no significant difference in operative time and volume of blood loss between two groups. The spleen thickness of those patients who had pancreatic fistula and splenic fever was significantly greater than those without complications. Conclusions These results indicate that dissection of secondary branches of the splenic pedicle in portal hypertension patients undergoing splenectomy can decrease the incidence of splenic fever and pancreatic fistula, and shorten the postoperative hospital stay, especially in the patients with a large spleen. So dissection of secondary branches of the splenic pedicle is a valuable technique for splenectomy.     

Effects of spleen on inducing portal hypertension and liver cirrhosis in rats]

The role of spleen on inducing the portal hypertension and cirrhotic rat by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and ethyl alcohol was studied. Totally 412 male rats were divided randomly into four groups: group A (n = 42) underwent splenectomy before induction by CCl4; group B (n = 42) underwent splenectomy after induction by CCl4 and alcohol of 4 weeks; group C (n = 42) received sham-splenectomy and group D (n = 14) served as a control group. Free portal pressure (FPP), function of liver, the index of spleen (weight of spleen/weight of body) as well as the spleen and liver biopsy were evaluated at different time. The results showed that, in group C, the index of spleen and the area of splenic white pulp had significant increase. The degree of hepatic damage, the number of the infiltrating cells and the degree of hepatic fibrosis were significantly greater in sham-operated animals than in others (group A and B). These results suggested that the spleen should be an immunomodulatic organ in playing an exacerbation role of hepatic cirrhosis, and the effect of splenectomy be a preventive role against the induced rat liver cirrhosis, at least, at certain stage.     

严重创伤性脾破裂31例保脾手术治疗

目的探讨严重创伤性脾破裂保脾手术治疗的方法及效果.方法回顾性分析严重创伤性脾破裂31例保脾手术治疗的临床资料,6例行脾动脉结扎 修补缝合术,13例行脾动脉结扎 部分切除术,12例行脾切除 大网膜自体脾组织移植术.全部获得随访,随访时间1～5年.结果本组全部治愈出院,无手术死亡病例.术后均恢复劳动能力,无感染易感性增加,B超检查提示:脾动脉结扎者无脾梗死情况,脾切除 大网膜自体脾组织移植者在移植部位可见脾组织回声波.结论对严重创伤性脾破裂病例,行脾动脉结扎 修补缝合或部分切除术是可行的,即能迅速有效地控制脾破裂出血,又能维持脾脏功能.脾切除 大网膜自体脾组织移植术是全脾切除术后弥补脾功能的有效方法.     

脾切除、自体脾移植的实验研究

自体脾组织移植的动物实验结果表明:脾切除后机体免疫功能有不同程度的缺陷;移植后三月的脾脏组织块具有正常的脾组织结构,移值方式以薄片状脾组织移植于大网膜为宜;脾移植后四周,非特异性免疫功能增高,而特异性免疫功能的恢复尚需一定时间。     

No further incidence of sepsis after splenectomy for severe trauma: a multi-institutional experience of the trauma registry of the DGU with 1,630 patients

Objective

Non-operative management of blunt splenic injury in adults has been applied increasingly at the end of the last century. Therefore, the lifelong risk of overwhelming post-splenectomy infection has been the major impetus for preservation of the spleen. However, the prevalence of posttraumatic infection after splenectomy in contrast to a conservative management is still unknown. Objective was to determine if splenectomy is an independent risk factor for the development of posttraumatic sepsis and multi-organ failure.

Methods

13,433 patients from 113 hospitals were prospective collected from 1993 to 2005. Patients with an injury severity score > 16, no isolated head injury, primary admission to a trauma center and splenic injury were included. Data were allocated according to the operative management into 2 groups (splenectomy (I) and conservative managed patients (II)).

Results

From 1,630 patients with splenic injury 758 patients undergoing splenectomy compared with 872 non-splenectomized patients. 96 (18.3%) of the patients with splenectomy and 102 (18.5%) without splenectomy had apparent infection after operation. Additionally, there was no difference in mortality (24.8% versus 22.2%) in both groups. After massive transfusion of red blood cells (> 10) non-splenectomy patients showed a significant increase of multi-organ failure (46% vs. 40%) and sepsis (38% vs. 25%).

Conclusions

Non-operative management leads to lower systemic infection rates and mortality in adult patients with moderate blunt splenic injury (grade 1-3) and should therefore be advocated. Patients with grade 4 and 5 injury, patients with massive transfusion of red blood cells and unstable patients should be managed operatively.     

基层医院外伤性脾破裂46例诊治体会

目的探讨外伤性脾破裂的诊断和治疗方法,提高救治水平。方法回顾性分析46例外伤性脾破裂的临床资料、治疗方法及其效果。结果46例结合临床及辅助检查均明确诊断。3例经非手术治疗,5例行脾修补,3例行脾部分切除,29例行脾全切加自体脾移植术,6例行单纯脾切除术。治愈45例（97．83％）,死亡1例（2．17％）。结论详细询问病史、仔细体格检查、反复多次腹腔穿刺及B超检查等均能提高脾破裂诊断率;外科手术是外伤性脾破裂的主要治疗方法,而行脾全切加自体脾组织移植术是基层医院选择的主要术式。     

一氧化氮合酶在门脉高压脾脏及脾静脉中的分布

目的探讨一氧化氮(NO)在门脉高压发病机制中的作用.方法运用还原型辅酶Ⅱ-黄递酶(NADPH-d)组织化学法对门脉高压患者及动物模型的脾脏及脾静脉中一氧化氮合酶(nitric oxide synthase,NOS)进行定位研究,并以正常大鼠及外伤性脾破裂脾切除患者作为对照.结果门脉高压组脾脏及脾静脉内NOS阳性细胞较对照组明显增多,染色增强,计算机图像半定量分析示两组灰度及光度值具显著性差异(P＜0.01).结论NO在门脉高压发病中具有一定作用.     

外伤性脾破裂的保脾手术治疗

目的探讨外伤性脾破裂保脾手术治疗的方法及效果。方法回顾性分析外伤性脾破裂32例保脾手术治疗的临床资料,18例行修补缝合术,9例行脾部分切除术,5例行脾动脉结扎+脾部分切除术。随访时间1a~3a。结果本组无手术死亡病例,全部治愈出院,术后恢复劳动能力,无感染易感性增加。B超检查脾动脉结扎者无脾梗死情况。结论对部分外伤性脾破裂患者,综合运用保脾手术是安全有效的。     

Torsion of a wandering spleen: A rare cause of acute abdomen

Wandering spleen is a rare condition that accounts for less than 0.25% of all indications for splenectomy. It is characterized by ectopic localization of the spleen owing to the lack or weakening of its ligaments. Torsion is the most common complication due to its long pedicle and high mobility, which may result in acute abdomen. We report a case of torsion in a wandering spleen in a 28-year-old male presenting with an acute abdomen that was treated by splenectomy.Wandering spleen is a rare condition, which may be incidentally detected as an abdominal mass or can present with torsion of its pedicle causing an acute abdomen. Alternative names are: ectopic spleen, displaced spleen, floating spleen, or pelvic spleen. It is characterized by the absence or underdevelopment of one or all ligaments that hold the spleen in its normal anatomical position in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen.1 It mainly affects children (one-third of cases), with a female predominance after age one.2 Among adults, it most frequently affects women of reproductive age, in whom acquired laxity of the splenic ligaments is usually the cause.2 Due to lack of specific symptoms, diagnosis is difficult, unless there is torsion, presenting as acute abdomen. Radiological imaging is required to make diagnosis; treatment is either splenopexy or splenectomy. We report a case of torsion of wandering spleen in a 28-year-old male presenting with an acute abdomen, which was treated by splenectomy.     

利用脾周韧带原位保脾手术治疗严重损伤性脾破裂13例

目的探讨利用脾周韧带侧支循环行部分原位保脾治疗严重损伤性脾破裂的可行性。方法对13例脾门严重损伤性脾破裂患者行脾蒂结扎,保留上或／和下极、不规则脾大部切除术。结果手术均获成功,无术后并发症,残脾功能恢复良好。结论利用脾周韧带作部分原位保脾治疗脾门严重损伤性脾破裂是可行的。     

保脾术治疗脾破裂47例分析

目的探讨保脾术治疗外伤性脾破裂的可能性和安全性。方法对我院行保脾术治疗脾破裂47例的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果行非手术保守治疗15例,其中1例中转开腹行脾部分切除术;局部物理或生物胶止血5例;缝合修补术 11例;脾部分切除术4例;全脾切除术附加自体脾组织大网膜内移植12例。结论保脾术治疗外伤性脾破裂是安全、可行的。     

脾修补或部分切除治疗脾破裂

目的经修补或部分切除脾脏而保脾;方法从1993年5月～2003年1月我们用明胶海棉夹凝血酶填塞创口褥式缝合或脾部分切除治疗脾破裂,创面用双极电凝协助止血;结果50例经上述方法治疗成功,全部或部分保留了脾脏;结论此手术方法可行,保全了脾脏功能.     

二级脾蒂离断法脾切除术在肝硬化脾功能亢进中的应用

目的：探讨肝硬化脾功能亢进轻中度脾肿大行腹腔镜下二级脾蒂离断法脾切除术的可行性、有效性和安全性。方法：对2009年1月至2010年12月施行腹腔镜下二级脾蒂离断法行脾切除治疗肝硬化脾功能亢进轻中度脾肿大25例患者的临床资料进行回顾分析。结果：除1例因大出血中转开腹外,均顺利完成手术。手术时间平均180 min,术中平均出血量260 mL,无严重并发症。结论：肝硬化脾功能亢进轻中度脾肿大患者行腹腔镜下二级脾蒂离断法脾切除安全有效,并可降低手术费用,值得临床推广。