微卡治疗老年复治涂阳肺结核38例疗效观察

目的探讨微卡治疗老年复治涂阳肺结核的疗效。方法老年复治涂阳肺结核患者75例,随机分入微卡治疗组及单纯化疗组,化疗方案均为3DLZE/6DL,治疗组加用微卡治疗。结果治疗后3个月末痰菌阴转率:治疗组与化疗组分别为68.4%和45.9%,疗程结束(6个月)痰菌阴转率分别为78.9%和51.4%。治疗组显著高于化疗组(P<0.05)。治疗组与化疗组疗程结束肺部病灶吸收好转率分别为81.6%和59.5%,空洞闭合率分别为77.1%和50%,治疗组显著高于化疗组(P<0.05)。结论微卡可提高老年夏治涂阳肺结核患者痰菌阴转率,有助于病灶吸收及空洞闭合。     

芪甲利肺胶囊辅助治疗复治肺结核的疗效及安全性观察

目的 探讨芪甲利肺胶囊辅助治疗复治肺结核的疗效及安全性.方法 收集2010年6月至2012年6月新乡医学院第一附属医院结核内科住院的200例复治肺结核患者,以数字表法随机按1:1分为观察组100例和对照组100例,所有患者均采用2 HRZES/6 HRE方案抗结核治疗,观察组在此基础上加用芪甲利肺胶囊.观察组和对照组分别有97例和98例完成治疗,比较两组的痰菌阴转率、病灶显效率、空洞闭合率、细胞免疫功能改善等方面的差异.采用SPSS 13.0统计软件,计量资料采用t检验,计数资料采用x2检验,P＜0.05为差异有统计学意义.结果 强化期结束和疗程结束时观察组75例菌阳患者的痰菌阴转率分别为81.33％(61/75)和94.67％(71/75);对照组74例菌阳患者的痰菌阴转率分别为67.57％(50/74)和83.78％(62/74),两组不同时期比较差异均有统计学意义(x2值分别为4.36和6.01,P值均＜0.05).强化期治疗结束时观察组的病灶显效率及空洞闭合率分别为74.23％(72/97)和26.80％(26/97),高于对照组的54.08％(53/98)和12.％(12/98)(x2值分别为3.91和6.59,P值均＜0.05).疗程结束时观察组的病灶显效率及空洞闭合率分别为93.82％(91/97)和55.67％(54/97),高于对照组的78.57％(77/98)和30.61％(30/98)(x2值分别为9.49和12.48,P值均＜0.05).治疗结束后观察组的免疫功能检测CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+均值分别为(67.13±6.98)％、(44.22±8.11)％和1.61±0.33,明显高于对照组的(62.03±6.12)％、(41.15±7.26)％和1.50±0.34,差异有统计学意义(t值分别为5.42、2.78和2.29,P值均＜0.05).结论 芪甲利肺胶囊辅助治疗复治肺结核能提高痰菌阴转率、病灶显效率及空洞闭合率,加快临床症状的消失,提高患者的细胞免疫功能.     

微卡合并抗结核药物治疗复治涂阳肺结核的疗效观察

目的观察和评价微卡(母牛分枝杆菌)在复治涂阳肺结核免疫治疗中的疗效。方法将64例复治涂阳肺结核患者分为微卡加化疗治疗组与单纯化疗对照组各32例,两组均采用2S3H3R3Z3E3/6 H3R3E3化疗方案。观察治疗结束后肺部病灶吸收、痰菌阴转、不良反应。结果治疗组32例取得痰菌阴转率和病灶吸收率分别为90.62%、81.25%明显高于对照组32例的71.87%、62.5%。结论微卡可提高复治涂阳肺结核患者痰菌阴转率,有助于病灶吸收。     

胸腺五肽辅助治疗复治涂阳肺结核34例

目的观察胸腺五肽辅助治疗复治涂阳肺结核的临床疗效。方法将69例复治涂阳肺结核患者随机分为观察组34例与对照组35例,对照组采用常规2HRZES/6H3R3E3化疗方案进行治疗,观察组在强化期肌注胸腺五肽,对比两组疗效。结果观察组与对照组痰查抗酸杆菌阴转率1月末为50%、40%,强化期结束为100%、74%;化疗1个月观察组与对照组肺部病灶明显吸收9例、5例,强化期结束观察组与对照组肺部病灶明显吸收11例、6例。两组比较差异均有显著性。结论胸腺五肽辅助治疗复治涂阳肺结核可明显缩短痰菌阴转时间,加速肺部病灶吸收。     

草分枝杆菌注射液辅助治疗老年初治涂阳肺结核疗效观察

目的评价草分枝杆菌注射液联合抗结核药治疗老年初治涂阳肺结核的临床疗效。方法 120例老年初治涂阳肺结核患者随机分为观察组及对照组各60例,两组均采用统一短程标准化疗方案2HRZE/4HR。观察组采用上述方案治疗的同时,加用草分枝杆菌注射液深部肌肉注射,连续使用2个月。观察治疗2个月痰结核菌阴转、X线胸片病灶吸收及空洞变化情况。结果治疗2个月痰结核菌阴转率观察组为81.7%、对照组为63.3%,病灶吸收的显效率观察组为76.7%、对照组为58.3%,空洞闭合率观察组为63%、对照组为34.6%。两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论草分枝杆菌注射液与抗结核药联合治疗老年初治涂阳肺结核患者,能加速痰结核菌阴转,促进病灶吸收及空洞闭合,是一种有效辅助免疫增强剂。     

卷曲霉素联合左氧氟沙星治疗复治涂阳肺结核的疗效分析

目的观察卷曲霉素联合左氧氟沙星治疗复治涂阳肺结核的临床疗效。方法按照随机数字表法将84例复治涂阳肺结核患者分为对照组和治疗组,各42例。对照组：采用3SEL2Pa Z/9EL2Pa治疗;治疗组：在对照组治疗基础上加用卷曲霉素联合左氧氟沙星治疗。观察两组痰结核菌阴转和X线胸片病灶吸收及空洞变化、不良反应情况。结果治疗2个月后,治疗组痰结核菌阴转率为85.71%（36/42）,明显高于对照组69.05%（29/42）（P〈0.05）;治疗组X线胸片病灶吸收率和空洞闭合率分别为73.81%（31/42）、61.90%（26/42）,与对照组64.29%（27/42）、40.48%（17/42）比较,P均〈0.05。此外,两组不良反应发生率比较,P〈0.05。结论复治涂阳肺结核患者采用卷曲霉素联合左氧氟沙星治疗,可促进患者痰菌转阴,加速病灶吸收和空洞闭合,且发生不良反应少。     

阿莫西林/克拉维酸钾联合左氧氟沙星治疗耐多药肺结核的临床效果

目的 :观察并评价阿莫西林/克拉维酸钾联合左氧氟沙星在治疗耐多药肺结核(MDR-TB)的疗效。方法将80例复治涂阳耐多药肺结核患者随机分为对照组40例和治疗组40例;治疗方案:对照组以左氧氟沙星为主,联合对氨基水杨酸异烟肼、盐酸乙胺丁醇、利福喷丁、吡嗪酰胺,治疗组以阿莫西林/克拉维酸钾、左氧氟沙星为主,联合用药同对照组,所有病例疗程均为12个月。结果至疗程结束,对照组痰菌阴转率为52.50%,治疗组痰菌阴转率为75.00%,治疗组痰菌阴转率明显高于对照组(P0.05);对照组空洞闭合有效率及病灶吸收有效率都为55.00%,治疗组则均为77.50%,治疗组空洞闭合有效率及病灶吸收有效率均明显高于对照组(P0.05);两组不良反应皆低,且无差异(P0.05)。结论对于耐多药肺结核,用阿莫西林/克拉维酸钾联合左氧氟沙星治疗利于痰菌阴转和病变吸收好转,药品不良反应低,具有推广价值。     

益肺止咳胶囊辅助治疗复治肺结核近期疗效观察

目的观察益肺止咳胶囊辅助治疗复治肺结核的近期疗效。方法将2001年1月至2004年6月住院管理的复治涂阳肺结核病人278人随机分为治疗组(140例)和对照组(138例)。治疗组在抗结核化疗基础上加用益肺止咳胶囊治疗6个月,对照组仅用抗结核化疗。2组抗结核化疗方案相同。结果6个月末痰菌阴转率,治疗组82.8%(116/140),对照组63.0%(87/138)(P<0.01);X线胸片病灶吸收好转率,治疗组88.6%(124/140),对照组71.0%(98/138)(P<0.01);空洞闭合率治疗组70.8%(68/96)和53.9%(49/91),(P<0.05)。两组观察期无明显不良反应。结论益肺止咳胶囊辅助治疗复治肺结核有效,无明显不良反应,可考虑临床应用。     

对氨基水杨酸异烟肼治疗复治菌阳肺结核疗效评价

目的观察对氨基水杨酸异烟肼方案对复治菌阳肺结核的疗效。方法162例复治涂阳肺结核患者随机分为治疗组与对照组各81例,化疗方案分别为2RIAZES/6RIAE,2HRZES/6HRE。结果8个月后治疗组涂阳阴转率95%,培阳阴转率96%,而对照组涂阳阴转率80%,培阳阴转率85%,痰菌阴转率显著高于对照组。结论对氨基水杨酸异烟肼治疗复治涂阳肺结核有明显疗效。     

在DOTS管理下应用国产4药固定剂量复合剂治疗初治菌阳肺结核的可行性研究

目的评价在DOTS管理下应用4药(HRZE)固定剂量复合剂(FDC),和2药(HR)的抗结核疗效及不良反应。方法将225例初治涂阳肺结核患者,随机分为治疗组(2个月4药FDC/4个月2药FDC)和对照组(2HRZE/4HR),观察近期痰菌阴转率、X线病变改变情况及不良反应。结果治疗组和对照组2个月痰菌阴转率分别为94.6%、93.8%;满疗程痰菌阴转率分别为99.1%、96.5%;胸部X线明显改善,治疗组和对照组病灶吸收率分别为98.2%和97.4%;2组空洞闭合率分别为72.2%和56.4%;治疗组和对照组各有4例和3例肝功异常。结论国产4药固定剂量复合剂是一种安全、高效、易被患者接受的抗结核药物制剂。且有很好的依从性,适于在国内广泛推广应用。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.