黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎多层螺旋CT表现及误诊分析

目的 探讨黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎(XGC)的多层螺旋CT表现,以期提高XGC的诊断水平.方法 收集经手术病理证实的38例XGC病例,回顾性分析其CT影像表现,观察胆囊壁的厚度及范围、胆囊壁内有无低密度结节、胆囊内壁黏膜线连续性、胆道系统有无结石、胆管梗阻情况、邻近组织受累情况.结果 38例均有胆囊壁增厚,其中弥漫性增厚36例,局限性增厚2例.17例可见胆囊壁内低密度结节或低密度带,21例胆囊壁未见明显低密度结节.32例显示完整黏膜线,6例显示黏膜线中断.33例胆道系统结石,5例胆道系统内未见阳性结石.8例合并肝内外胆管扩张,2例仅有胆总管扩张.累及肝脏10例,累及胃肠道10例,累及胆总管1例,余病例与周围组织未见明显粘连.CT误诊19例,其中术前诊断胆囊癌8例,慢性胆囊炎11例.结论 XGC的CT增强扫描增厚的胆囊壁内低密度结节或低密度带在其诊断和鉴别诊断中有重要的价值.     

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎的螺旋CT表现

目的 探讨黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎(XGC)的螺旋CT表现及其病理基础.资料与方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的16例XGC患者的CT和手术病理资料,着重观察胆囊壁的厚度、胆囊壁的强化方式、胆囊壁内低密度结节、胆囊内壁黏膜线、邻近肝脏组织受累情况,胆囊内有无结石,以及胆囊周围变化.结果 16例中均见不同程度的胆囊壁增厚及壁内低密度结节,12例胆囊增大,4例胆囊缩小,12例显示胆囊内完整黏膜线,11例伴有胆囊结石或胆总管结石,10例胆囊周围炎性浸润,4例累及肝脏,3例伴有胆管不同程度扩张.结论 胆囊壁增厚、增厚的胆囊壁内低密度结节和较完整的胆囊内壁黏膜线是诊断XGC较具特征性的表现.     

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎CT诊断和误诊原因分析(附9例报告)

目的 分析黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎(xanthogranulomatous cholecytitis,XGC)的CT表现和误诊原因,以进一步提高XGC的诊断准确性.资料与方法 回顾性分析经手术、病理证实的9例XGC的CT特征.结果 CT提示慢性胆囊炎5例,胆囊癌4例.所有病例均有不同程度的胆囊壁增厚,其中局限性增厚4例,弥漫性增厚5例,增强扫描增厚的胆囊壁内见低密度结节5例,显示完整黏膜线7例.术后病理均证实为XGC.结论 XGC是一种特殊类型的胆囊炎性疾病,影像表现有一定特征,其中增强扫描示增厚的胆囊壁内低密度结节和完整的胆囊黏膜线是提示XGC诊断的重要征象.     

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎的CT诊断

目的:探讨黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎(xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis,XGC)的CT表现特点,提高XGC的诊断准确率。方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的XGC 7例的临床表现特点。结果:7例中术前诊断正确2例,5例误诊。6例胆囊不同程度增大,7例囊壁均增厚,4例增厚胆囊壁内均可见形态不规则的低密度灶,4例黏膜线完整,胆囊结石3例,胆总管结石1例,胆囊床清晰6例,肝脏局部性受侵1例;增强扫描呈"夹心饼干征"2例,低密度结节环形强化3例。结论:CT增强扫描后的"夹心饼干征"、黏膜完整、低密度结节和胆囊床清晰等征象,对XGC的诊断有重要价值。     

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎的影像学表现

目的：探讨黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎（XGC）的CT和MRI表现。方法：回顾性分析8例经手术病理证实的XGC,总结其CT和MRI表现。结果：术前诊断为XGC2例,误诊为胆囊癌6例。CT表现：8例均有胆囊壁增厚,其中局限性增厚表现为动脉期环形强化1例,弥漫性增厚表现为夹心饼干征3例,4例表现为胆囊黏膜线完整;伴胆囊结石5例,胆总管结石1例,右肝内胆管细胞癌1例。MRI表现：3例T2WI表现为胆囊壁内高信号结节,2例门脉期及延迟期清晰显示明显强化的完整的胆囊黏膜线。结论：CT增强扫描表现环形强化和夹心饼干征;MRI扫描T2WI表现为胆囊壁内高信号结节,增强扫描显示明显强化的完整的胆囊黏膜线等表现,是提示XGC诊断的重要征象。     

厚壁型胆囊癌与黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎的影像学鉴别诊断

目的分析厚壁型胆囊癌和黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎(XGC)的影像学表现,提高术前诊断正确率。方法回顾性分析经病理证实厚壁型胆囊癌20例,XGC 19例,观察记录两组影像学表现及伴随征象,并进行统计学分析(Fisher确切概率检验)。结果 20例厚壁型胆囊癌中,男性8例,女性12例,19例XGC中男12例,女7例,平均年龄分别为64. 2岁和61. 6岁;厚壁型胆囊癌粘膜中断或消失者16例,XGC 7例;弥漫性增厚13例,XGC 4例;壁内低密度结节3例,XGC15例;胆道梗阻7例,XGC 1例,差别均有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。胆囊囊壁强化方式、邻近肝组织浸润、淋巴结肿大及合并胆囊结石在厚壁型胆囊癌和XGC中均无统计学差异(P 0. 05)。结论胆囊壁内囊腔或低密度结节的出现及粘膜线完整基本可以排除胆囊癌的诊断;必要时借助磁共振的正反相位序列。     

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎的CT诊断(附11例报告)

目的 探讨黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎(XGC)的CT表现,以提高黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎诊断水平.方法 分析经手术、病理证实的11例黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎的CT、临床及手术病理资料.观察胆囊壁厚度、壁内低密度结节、胆囊内壁、黏膜线、胆囊壁及受累肝组织强化程度、胆囊内有无结石,以及胆囊周围的变化.结果 11例均见不同程度的胆囊壁增厚及壁内结节,9例胆囊壁内面光滑,6例显示黏膜线,3例胆囊增大,4例缩小,4例发现胆囊结石,6例侵犯肝脏,3例胆囊周围炎性浸润,6例伴有胆道扩张.结论 增厚的胆囊壁内低密度结节(三明治征)和完整的黏膜线较具特征性.     

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎多层螺旋CT增强扫描临床分析

目的探讨黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎(XGC)多层螺旋CT增强扫描的特征。方法选取黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎患者72例为观察对象,根据CT扫描图像,观察胆囊壁的厚度、胆囊壁的强化情况、胆囊壁内低密度结节、黏膜线是否完整、胆囊内有无结石,胆囊周围变化及邻近肝组织受累情况。结果所有患者的胆囊壁均有增厚,最大厚度为(22.62±7.24)mm,其中呈局限性增厚的20例(27.78%),弥漫性增厚的52例(72.22%);胆囊内壁低密度结节45例(62.50%);黏膜线中断10例(13.89%)、连续62例(86.11%),轻度强化39例(54.17%)、重度强化的33例(45.83%);合并有胆管、胆囊结石26例(36.11%)。胆囊周围炎性浸润59例(81.94%)。结论 XGC影像学分析常规现为胆囊壁增厚、胆囊壁内有结节产生、黏膜线连续、周围脂肪模糊较多且有炎性浸润等特点。     

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎的CT征象及与胆囊癌的鉴别要点

作者对11例胆囊壁增厚的黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎(XGC)病人和17例胆囊癌病人进行回顾性分析。这些病人接受了常规CT及螺旋CT的扫描,同时静脉内快速注射对比剂。分析以下的CT征象:胆囊壁增厚的最大值,壁内低密度结节,粘膜线,胆囊壁增厚和强化的方式,强化的程度以及结石的存在。作者也比较了胆囊外的改变。     

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎影像学表现及其病理学基础

目的 探讨黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎(XGC)的CT与MRI表现及其病理学基础.方法 回顾经手术及病理证实的27例XGC患者影像学资料,27例行CT检查,其中20例行MRI检查.分析CT及MRI影像学表现特征,并与病理结果对照分析.结果 胆囊扩大(CT 93％、MR90％),所有患者(100％)均有胆囊壁增厚.局限性增厚(CT 37％、MR 50％),广泛性增厚(CT 63％、MR 50％).增强扫描见增厚胆囊壁内多发低密度(或信号)结节(CT74％、MR 100％),壁内强化结节(CT 18.5％、MR 15％)胆囊结石(CT 74％、MR 100％).肝脏及胆囊间隙不清(CT74％、MRI90％),胆囊内见点状气体(CT7％ MRI 0％).增强扫描胆囊黏膜线连续(CT 44％、MRI 60％),中断(CT56％、MRI 40％),术前准确诊断XGC(CT 67％、MRI75％),误诊为胆囊癌(CT 26％、MRI 15％).结论 胆囊壁广泛或局限增厚,增强扫描增厚胆囊壁呈“三明治征”或“夹心饼干征”、囊壁内见强化和/或低密度(信号)结节,黏膜线连续或部分中断可能为XGC特征性CT及MRI表现,有助于该病的准确诊断.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）