盐酸帕洛诺司琼预防化疗所致恶心呕吐的临床研究

目的通过与盐酸托烷司琼注射液比较,观察和评价盐酸帕洛诺司琼注射液预防高度催吐危险化疗方案所致恶心、呕吐的疗效和安全性。方法将入选的使用高度催吐危险化疗方案的恶性肿瘤患者随机分入治疗组和对照组,治疗组于化疗前30min缓慢静脉注射帕洛诺司琼0.25mg,对照组于化疗前30min缓慢静脉注射托烷司琼5mg。观察患者化疗后5d内恶心、呕吐的情况,以及止吐药相关不良反应。结果帕洛诺司琼和托烷司琼对化疗后急性恶心的有效控制率分别是80%和72%,对化疗后迟发性恶心的有效控制率分别是60%和52%,对化疗后急性呕吐的有效控制率分别是72%和62%,以上差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);对化疗后迟发性呕吐的有效控制率分别是72%和40%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两种止吐药相关不良反应发生率均较低,两种止吐药不良反应差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论帕洛诺司琼预防高度催吐危险的化疗方案所致的恶心和急性呕吐的疗效与托烷司琼相当,但预防高度催吐危险化疗方案所致的迟发性呕吐的疗效优于托烷司琼,且不良反应发生率低、程度较轻、安全性好。     

帕洛诺司琼与格拉司琼联合应用对化疗所致恶心、呕吐的防治效果观察

目的探讨帕洛诺司琼与格拉司琼联合应用对化疗所致恶心、呕吐的防治作用和安全性。方法接受培美曲塞或多西他赛联合顺铂方案化疗的非小细胞肺癌患者111例,其中化疗前给予帕洛诺司琼联合格拉司琼36例(联合组),给予帕洛诺司琼38例(帕洛诺司琼组),给予格拉司琼例37例(格拉司琼组)。比较各组急性期(化疗后0~24 h)、延迟期(化疗后24~120 h)及全期(化疗后0~120 h)的呕吐完全缓解率,急性期、延迟期解救治疗率、恶心改善率及不良反应发生情况。结果三组急性期完全缓解率及恶心改善率组间比较差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05);联合组延迟期呕吐完全缓解率、恶心改善率及全期完全缓解率均明显高于帕洛诺司琼组和格拉司琼组(P均<0.05)。三组解救治疗率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。三组不良反应主要为头痛、便秘及腹胀等,各不良反应的发生率三组比较差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论帕洛诺司琼与格拉司琼联用对高致吐性化疗药所致的急性期、延迟期恶心、呕吐反应有预防及治疗作用,其效果优于单用帕洛诺司琼或格拉司琼,且较为安全。     

帕洛诺司琼预防大剂量顺铂化疗所致呕吐的临床观察

目的：评价帕洛诺司琼的止吐疗效和毒性.方法：将56例接受大剂量顺铂化疗的患者随机分入帕洛诺司琼组（实验组,28例）和托烷司琼组（对照组,28例）,比较2组急性呕吐和延迟性呕吐的发生率和毒性反应.结果：实验组急性呕吐完全缓解率明显高于对照组（85.7％ vs 67.9％,P＜0.05）.实验组的延迟性呕吐完全控制率明显高于对照组（68.2％vs49.7％,P=0.03）2组的毒性反应发生率相似,未观察到3～4级毒性反应.结论：帕洛诺司琼预防大剂量顺铂化疗所致呕吐优于托烷司琼,毒性轻微,值得临床推广应用.     

帕洛诺司琼及昂丹司琼预防化疗所致恶心、呕吐的效果对比

目的比较帕洛诺司琼、昂丹司琼预防化疗所致恶心、呕吐的临床疗效及安全性。方法将32例恶性肿瘤患者随机分为观察组和对照组各16例,均行顺铂等药物化疗,并分别予帕洛诺司琼、昂丹司琼预防恶心、呕吐反应;观察两组恶心、呕吐控制效果及不良反应。结果观察组和对照组急性期恶心、呕吐有效控制率分别为75.00%、62.5%（P〉0.05）,延迟期分别为75.00%、31.25%（P〈0.05）,不良反应发生率均为18.75%。结论帕洛诺司琼预防化疗所致恶性、呕吐的安全性与昂丹司琼相似,但效果优于后者且临床使用方便。     

帕洛诺司琼与托烷司琼预防老年患者腹腔镜宫颈癌根治术后恶心呕吐的效果比较

目的比较帕洛诺司琼与托烷司琼预防老年患者腹腔镜宫颈癌根治术后恶心呕吐(PONV)的效果。方法择期腹腔镜下行子宫颈癌根治术老年患者90例(年龄≥60岁),随机分为3组,每组30例,分别为对照组(Ⅰ组)、帕洛诺司琼组(Ⅱ组)和托烷司琼组(Ⅲ组)。麻醉诱导前,Ⅰ组未注射止吐剂,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组分别注射帕洛诺司琼0.25 mg或托烷司琼5 mg。记录术前、术中2 h、手术结束时的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR),记录术后0~3 h、3~24 h,24~48 h恶心呕吐的发生率及完全缓解率(CRR)。结果术中患者血流动力学波动在正常范围内。与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组术后0~3 h、3~24 h,24~48 h内恶心呕吐的发生率均有降低,CRR均升高(P0.05)。在24~48 h时间段Ⅱ组的恶心呕吐发生率比Ⅲ组更低,CRR更高(P0.05)。结论帕洛诺司琼对于减少老年患者腹腔镜宫颈癌根治术后24~48 h的恶心呕吐发生率更具有优势,老年高危PONV患者可优先选择帕洛诺司琼。     

格拉司琼联合升降胶囊防治化疗引起呕吐40例

[目的]观察格拉司琼联合升降胶囊防治肿瘤化疗所致呕吐的临床疗效。[方法]80例恶性肿瘤患者随机分为中西医结合组40例和西药组40例,中西医结合组采用格拉司琼联合升降胶囊治疗,西药组采用格拉司琼治疗。[结果]中西医结合组化疗后第1~4天预防呕吐有效率均高于西药组(P<0.05)。[结论]格拉司琼联合升降胶囊能有效防治含顺铂方案化疗所致急性呕吐及迟发性呕吐,且不良反应较轻。     

托烷司琼与格拉司琼预防蒽环类药物联合环磷酰胺化疗所致恶心、呕吐的成本-效果分析

目的 评价托烷司琼与格拉司琼预防蒽环类药物联合环磷酰胺化疗所致恶心、呕吐的经济学效果.方法 将同期行蒽环类药物联合环磷酰胺化疗的58例（105例次）患者随机分为A组37例（75例次）、B组21例（30例次）,分别应用托烷司琼及格拉司琼预防化疗所致呕吐,观察止吐效果并进行成本-效果分析.结果 A、B组止吐有效率分别为86.6%、76.6%（P＞0.05）,成本/有效率分别为1.58和0.48.结论 托烷司琼与格拉司琼预防蒽环类药物联合环磷酰胺化疗所致恶心、呕吐的疗效相似,但后者经济学效果较好.     

奥氮平联合昂丹司琼预防非小细胞肺癌化疗所致恶心呕吐的疗效观察

目的比较奥氮平联合昂丹司琼与单用昂丹司琼预防非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）化疗所致恶心呕吐（CINV）的效果。方法84例NSCLC患者随机分为研究组（42例）及对照组（42例）,研究组和对照组均在化疗前30min给予静脉滴注昂丹司琼8mg,研究组自化疗第1天早晨开始I：1服奥氮平10mg,连用8d,评价化疗第1周期的止吐效果。结果研究组和对照组急性呕吐的发生率分别为33．33％（14／42）和54．76％（23／42）,差异有统计学意义,P〈0．05;迟发性呕吐的发生率分别为16．67％（7／42）和47．62％（20／42）,差异有统计学意义,P〈0．01。结论奥氮平联合昂丹司琼与单用昂丹司琼相比,奥氮平联合昂丹司琼对于预防NSCLC化疗所致恶心呕吐有更好的效果,尤其是对迟发型恶心呕吐效果更为显著。     

顺铂化疗后程加用地塞米松对迟发性恶心呕吐的防治作用观察

目的观察顺铂(DDP)化疗后程加用地塞米松对迟发性恶心呕吐的防治作用。方法 80例恶性肿瘤患者,采用DDP为基础的化疗方案化疗(DDP 60～80 mg/m2、d1),随机分为A(28例)、B(26例)、C(26例)组。A组给予阿扎司琼10 mg静滴、d 1～d 4,地塞米松5 mg静注、d 3～d 4;B组给予阿扎司琼10 mg静滴、d 1～d 4,地塞米松5 mg静注、d 1～d 4;C组给予阿扎司琼10 mg、静滴、d 1～d 4。观察各组化疗第2、3、4天恶心呕吐情况及不良反应。结果 A、B、C组恶心呕吐发生率分别为96.43%、96.15%、73.08%;A、B两组相比,P均>0.05;A、B组与C组相比,P均<0.05。A、B、C组出现不良反应者分别为10、29、7例;A、C组与B组相比,P均<0.05。结论 DDP化疗后程短期加用地塞米松可有效防治迟发性恶心呕吐,不良反应小。     

奥氮平联合阿扎司琼对癌症合并糖尿病化疗止吐的疗效观察

目的 观察奥氮平联合阿扎司琼治疗癌症合并糖尿病患者化疗导致恶心呕吐的疗效。方法 采用随机对照研究方法,将57例接受中-高致吐化疗药物治疗的患者分为观察组和对照组。观察组28例,止吐方案采用奥氮平联合阿扎司琼;对照组29例,止吐方案采用阿扎司琼联合地塞米松。对比两组化疗所致恶心呕吐(CINV)发生情况、止吐效果及两组患者化疗期间血糖变化情况。结果 观察组恶心呕吐完全缓解率为28.60%,略低于对照组恶心呕吐完全缓解率31.00%,P>0.05,差异无统计学意义。观察组恶心呕吐控制有效率为60.70%,略低于对照组恶心呕吐控制有效率65.50%,P>0.05,差异无统计学意义。观察组连续3天血糖无明显变化,差异无统计学意义。对照组第二天血糖较第一天升高,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。第三天血糖较第一天升高,t=-2.014,P=0.049,差异有统计学意义。结论 奥氮平联合阿扎司琼治疗化疗所致恶心呕吐疗效较好,可以替代地塞米松,避免了癌症合并糖尿病患者化疗期间因地塞米松所致血糖升高的风险。     

妊娠时间与肺结核复发的相关性研究及诊治对策

目的 分析肺结核史患者妊娠时间和肺结核复发间相关性.方法 选取我院收治的有肺结核史的妊娠妇女576例作为研究对象,对其妊娠前肺结核治疗、治愈后妊娠时间、妊娠后复发肺结核等进行分析,总结有肺结核史育龄女性的妊娠时间和肺结核复发之间的关系.结果 肺结核治愈后不同时间段妊娠者的结核复发率比较,差异具有显著性（P＜0.05）,停药后间隔时间越久妊娠,肺结核复发的几率越小.结论 加强孕期痰菌检查,及早发现复发肺结核,提高母婴安全.     

我国骨关节结核诊治的回顾与展望

骨关节结核是危害人们健康的严重感染性疾病,近95％由他处结核病继发而来.罹患骨关节结核疾病后几乎均将致残,严重影响人们的健康、工作和生活.建国以来在党和国家的关心和支持下,骨关节结核的诊治水平取得了长足进步.时至今日,由于多种原因,学科发展和被重视程度受到一定的制约,同整个医疗行业的发展不相适应.回顾过去,展望未来,我们需要重新审视骨关节结核的诊治方法,努力推进骨关节结核诊疗技术的科学发展.     

Effect of phosphorylation of MAPK and Stat3 and expression of c-fos and c-jun proteins on hepatocarcinogenesis and their clinical significance

AIM To study the effect of phosphorylation ofMAPK and Stat3 and the expression of c-fos andc-jun proteins on hepatocellular carcinogenesisand their clinical significance.METHODS SP immunohistochemistry was usedto detect the expression of p42/44~(MAPK), p-Stat3,c-fos and c-jun proteins in 55 hepatocellularcarcinomas (HCC) and their surrounding livertissues.RESULTS The positive rates and expressionlevels of p42/44~(MAPK), p-Stat3, c-fos and c-junproteins in HCCs were significantly higher thanthose in pericarcinomatous liver tissues (PCLT).A positive correlation was observed between theexpression of p42/44~(MAPK) and c-fos proteins, andbetween p-Stat3 and c-jun, but there was nosignificant correlation between P42/44~(MAPK) and p-Stat3 in HCCs and their surrounding livertissues.CONCLUSION The abnormalities of Ras/Raf/MAPK and JAKs/ Stat3 cascade reaction maycontribute to malignant transformation ofhepatocytes. Hepatocytes which are positive forp42/ 44~(MAPK), c-fos or c-jun proteins may bepotential malignant pre-cancerous cells.Activation of MAPK and Stat3 proteins may be anearly event in hepatocellular carcinogenesis.     

Overweight and Obesity and Progression of ADPKD

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Replication and Inhibitors of Enteroviruses and Parechoviruses

The Enterovirus (EV) and Parechovirus genera of the picornavirus family include many important human pathogens, including poliovirus, rhinovirus, EV-A71, EV-D68, and human parechoviruses (HPeV). They cause a wide variety of diseases, ranging from a simple common cold to life-threatening diseases such as encephalitis and myocarditis. At the moment, no antiviral therapy is available against these viruses and it is not feasible to develop vaccines against all EVs and HPeVs due to the great number of serotypes. Therefore, a lot of effort is being invested in the development of antiviral drugs. Both viral proteins and host proteins essential for virus replication can be used as targets for virus inhibitors. As such, a good understanding of the complex process of virus replication is pivotal in the design of antiviral strategies goes hand in hand with a good understanding of the complex process of virus replication. In this review, we will give an overview of the current state of knowledge of EV and HPeV replication and how this can be inhibited by small-molecule inhibitors.     

Effect of phosphorylation of MAPK and Stat3 and expression of c-fas and c-jun proteins on hepatocarcinogenesis and their clinical significance

AIM To study the effect of phosphorylation ofMAPK and Stat3 and the expression of c-fos andc-jun proteins on hepatocellular carcinogenesisand their clinical significance.METHODS SP immunohistochemistry was usedto detect the expression of p42/44MAPK, p-Stat3,c-fos and c-jun proteins in 55 hepatocellularcarcinomas (HCC) and their surrounding livertissues.RESULTS The positive rates and expressionlevels of p42/44MAPK, p-Stat3, c-fos and c-junproteins in HCCs were significantly higher thanthose in pericarcinomatous liver tissues (PCLT).A positive correlation was observed between theexpression of p42/44MAPK and c-fos proteins, andbetween p-Stat3 and c-jun, but there was nosignificant correlation between p42/44MAPK and p-Stat3 in HCCs and their surrounding livertissues.CONCLUSION The abnormalities of Ras/Rat/MAPK and JAKs/ Stat3 cascade reaction maycontribute to malignant transformation ofhepatocytes. Hepatocytes which are positive forp42/ 44MAPK, c-fos or c-jun proteins may bepotential malignant pre-cancerous cells.Activation of MAPK and Stat3 proteins may be anearly event in hepatocellular carcinogenesis.     

心电图、心电向量图与冠状动脉造影结果对比分析

目的:通过分析心电图(Electrocardiogram,ECG)和心电向量图(Vectorcardiogram,VCG)的改变与冠脉造影（CAG）结果进行对比,探讨ECG、VCG在冠状动脉病变中的诊断价值。方法: 选择2008年1月~2009年12月临床拟诊断为冠心病患者108例,行常规ECG、VCG检查,并于1周内进行CAG,对检查结果依据各自的诊断标准进行判定,以CAG为标准诊断法,利用四格表法,计算相关评价真实性的指标并进行比较。结果: ①VCG检测的灵敏度、特异度、准确度显著高于ECG(P<0.05,P<0．01)。②ECG、VCG阳性率与冠脉病变支数组间比较:在单支病变、双支病变中,VCG阳性率明显高于ECG(P<0.05),左主干或三支病变无统计学意义;组内比较:ECG组左主干或三支病变组较单支病变、双支病变阳性率高(P<0.05,P<0.01);VCG组左主干或三支病变组较单支病变阳性率高(P<0.05);与双支病变阳性率比较无统计学意义;③ECG、VCG阳性率与冠脉病变程度组间比较:冠脉病变狭窄50%～69%的VCG阳性率明显高于ECG (P<0.05),其他两组阳性率比较无统计学意义;组内比较:ECG组冠脉病变狭窄≥90%较50%～69%、70%～89%的阳性率高(P<0.05,P<0.01); VCG组狭窄≥90%较50%～69%阳性率高（P<0.01),其他无统计学意义。结论: VCG对冠心病检测价值显著高于ECG。     

Detection and characterization of the product of hydroethidine and intracellular superoxide by HPLC and limitations of fluorescence

Here we report the structural characterization of the product formed from the reaction between hydroethidine (HE) and superoxide (O(2)(.-)). By using mass spectral and NMR techniques, the chemical structure of this product was determined as 2-hydroxyethidium (2-OH-E(+)). By using an authentic standard, we developed an HPLC approach to detect and quantitate the reaction product of HE and O(2)(.-) formed in bovine aortic endothelial cells after treatment with menadione or antimycin A to induce intracellular reactive oxygen species. Concomitantly, we used a spin trap, 5-tert-butoxycarbonyl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (BMPO), to detect and identify the structure of reactive oxygen species formed. BMPO trapped the O(2)(.-) that formed extracellularly and was detected as the BMPO-OH adduct during use of the EPR technique. BMPO, being cell-permeable, inhibited the intracellular formation of 2-OH-E(+). However, the intracellular BMPO spin adduct was not detected. The definitive characterization of the reaction product of O(2)(.-) with HE described here forms the basis of an unambiguous assay for intracellular detection and quantitation of O(2)(.-). Analysis of the fluorescence characteristics of ethidium (E(+)) and 2-OH-E(+) strongly suggests that the currently available fluorescence methodology is not suitable for quantitating intracellular O(2)(.-). We conclude that the HPLC/fluorescence assay using HE as a probe is more suitable [corrected] for detecting intracellular O(2)(.-).     

Effects of sex and time of day on metabolism and excretion of corticosterone in urine and feces of mice

Non-invasive techniques to monitor stress hormones in small animals like mice offer several advantages and are highly demanded in laboratory as well as in field research. Since knowledge about the species-specific metabolism and excretion of glucocorticoids is essential to develop such a technique, we conducted radiometabolism studies in mice (Mus musculus f. domesticus, strain C57BL/6J). Each mouse was injected intraperitoneally with 740 kBq of 3H-labelled corticosterone and all voided urine and fecal samples were collected for five days. In a first experiment 16 animals (eight of each sex) received the injection at 9 a.m., while eight mice (four of each sex) were injected at 9 p.m. in a second experiment. In both experiments radioactive metabolites were recovered predominantly in the feces, although males excreted significantly higher proportions via the feces (about 73%) than females (about 53%). Peak radioactivity in the urine was detected within about 2h after injection, while in the feces peak concentrations were observed later (depending on the time of injection: about 10h postinjection in experiment 1 and about 4h postinjection in experiment 2, thus proving an effect of the time of day). The number and relative abundance of fecal [3H]corticosterone metabolites was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC separations revealed that corticosterone was extensively metabolized mainly to more polar substances. Regarding the types of metabolites formed, significant differences were found between males and females, but not between the experiments. Additionally, the immunoreactivity of these metabolites was assessed by screening the HPLC fractions with four enzyme immunoassays (EIA). However, only a newly established EIA for 5alpha-pregnane-3beta,11beta,21-triol-20-one (measuring corticosterone metabolites with a 5alpha-3beta,11beta-diol structure) detected several peaks of radioactive metabolites with high intensity in both sexes, while the other EIAs showed only minor immunoreactivity. Thus, our study for the first time provides substantial information about metabolism and excretion of corticosterone in urine and feces of mice and is the first demonstrating a significant impact of the animals' sex and the time of day. Based on these data it should be possible to monitor adrenocortical activity non-invasively in this species by measuring fecal corticosterone metabolites with the newly developed EIA. Since mice are extensively used in research world-wide, this could open new perspectives in various fields from ecology to behavioral endocrinology.     

大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的分离培养和外源基因的导入

目的探讨绿色荧光蛋白基因转染骨髓间质干细胞的可行性。方法采用F icoll-PaqueTMP lus淋巴细胞分离液,根据细胞密度梯度原理,分离大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(rM SC s)并进行体外原代培养和传代扩增,倒置相差显微镜观察细胞生长情况,免疫细胞化学法对其初步鉴定。流式细胞仪分析转染效率。结果原代和传代培养的细胞呈现梭形外观,具有较强的生长增殖能力;细胞均一表达CD44、CD54、CD106、CD29抗原。电穿孔法转染rM SC s转染率为32.8%±3%。结论采用比重为1.077 g/L的F icoll-PaqueTMP lus能分离获得大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,经原代培养和传代培养能够迅速扩增。电穿孔法具有较高的介导外源基因表达于rM SC s的效率。