内科胸腔镜手术对老年不明原因胸腔积液的诊断和治疗价值的探讨

目的探讨内科胸腔镜手术对老年不明原因胸腔积液诊断与治疗的效果。方法对78例老年不明原因胸腔积液患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 78例患者均成功实施了手术并接受了内科胸腔镜检查,病理结果确诊为恶性肿瘤45例(57.69%),非特异性炎症33例(42.31%)。术后随访3~17个月,治疗有效率为97.44%(76/78),所有患者在术后均未出现严重并发症。结论内科胸腔镜手术对老年不明原因胸腔积液的诊断和治疗安全、有效,值得临床推广应用。     

内科胸腔镜对老年患者渗出性胸腔积液的诊断价值及安全性

目的评价局麻下内科胸腔镜对老年患者不明原因渗出性胸腔积液的诊断价值及安全性。方法回顾性分析179例不明原因老年患者渗出性胸腔积液经内科胸腔镜检查的诊断结果及不良反应。结果167例患者明确诊断,诊断率93.3%。恶性胸腔积液99例(55.3%),结核性胸膜炎58例(32.4%);恶性患者年龄大、病程长,胸水多为血性,癌胚抗原水平较高;结核性患者年龄偏小、病程短,胸水多为浅黄色,腺苷脱氨酶水平较高。患者耐受性好,主要不良反应为胸痛。结论老年患者不明原因渗出性胸腔积液多为恶性肿瘤及结核所致,内科胸腔镜检查诊断率高,不良反应少。     

内科胸腔镜对老年不明原因胸腔积液患者的诊断价值

目的探讨内科胸腔镜技术在胸膜疾病诊断中的价值。方法应用内科胸腔镜技术对148例不明原因胸腔积液老年患者进行检查。结果病理明确诊断123例,未能明确诊断25例;结核67例,胸膜转移癌56例,其中来源于肺癌48例,妇科肿瘤2例,胃肠道肿瘤1例,胸膜间皮瘤4例,内分泌癌1例。结核T斑点对结核性胸膜炎诊断率为79.17%,敏感度为81.25%,特异度为75.00%,胸水CEA对恶性胸腔积液的诊断率96.00%,敏感度92.86%,特异度98.28%。结论对不明原因胸腔积液患者应用内科胸腔镜技术具有微创、安全的特点,呼吸科医师可学习掌握,且其胸膜疾病的确诊率较高。     

内科胸腔镜对不明原因胸腔积液诊断价值及结核性胸腔积液镜下表现特征分析

目的探讨内科胸腔镜在不明原因胸腔积液诊断中的临床应用价值及结核性胸腔积液的镜下表现特征。方法回顾性分析我科2015年5月-2016年12月49例住院患者不明原因胸腔积液胸腔镜下表现特征、活检病理结果、胸水腺苷脱氨酶(adenosine deaminase,ADA)、癌胚抗原(carcino-embryonic,CEA)和血CEA的结果。结果 49例不明原因胸腔积液中确诊46例,确诊率达93.88%,其中结核性29例,确诊率93.55%。结核性胸腔积液镜下主要表现为:胸膜充血水肿(20例)、粟粒样结节(16例)、纤维素样粘连带(15例)、包裹性积液(7例)、干酪样坏死(4例),其中,结核组与恶性组于干酪样坏死表现差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论内科胸腔镜对不明原因胸腔积液具有较高的诊断价值,特别是对难以诊断的结核性胸腔积液确诊率高,结核性胸腔积液具有特征性的胸腔镜下表现。     

内科胸腔镜对胸腔积液诊断和治疗的临床价值

目的：探讨内科胸腔镜对胸腔积液的诊断价值,以及应用内科胸腔镜滑石粉胸膜固定术对恶性胸腔积液的治疗价值。方法回顾性性分析2008年1月至2014年1月在郑州市第三人民医院呼吸内科接受内科胸腔镜诊断的142例胸腔积液患者的临床资料。评价内科胸腔镜对胸腔积液的诊断阳性率和分析病因。将确诊为恶性胸腔积液的患者分为胸腔镜组和对照组。胸腔镜组给予内科胸腔镜滑石粉胸膜固定术,对照组胸给予胸腔引流管内灌注滑石粉而实现胸膜固定。对两组的疗效进行对比和分析。结果在142例胸腔积液患者中,有136例经内科胸腔镜检查及病理活检明确诊断,确诊率达95.8%。其中恶性胸腔积液(含恶性胸膜间皮瘤2例)85例(59.9%),结核性胸膜炎31例(21.8%),肺炎旁积液13例(9.2%),非特异性炎症7例(4.9%),原因不明胸腔积液6例(4.2%)。确诊的85例恶性胸腔积液患者中,胸腔镜组56例,1个月后复查有效率为91.1%,完全缓解率为82.1%;对照组29例,1个月后复查有效率为69.0%,完全缓解率为48.3%,两组有效率和完全缓解率比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为6.786、10.555,P 值分别为0.009、0.001)。结论内科胸腔镜对胸腔积液具有较好的确诊率,内科胸腔镜滑石粉胸膜固定术可以有效地治疗恶性胸腔积液。     

电子支气管镜代内科胸腔镜检查在疑难性胸腔积液诊断中的应用

目的 探讨电子支气管镜代内科胸腔镜检查在疑难性胸腔积液诊断中的应用.方法 回顾性分析52例原因不明胸腔积液患者电子支气管镜代替胸腔镜检查诊断结果及并发症,观察在支气管镜下的胸膜改变,并对可疑组织行病理检查.结果 52例原因不明胸腔积液患者,通过电子支气管镜代内科胸腔镜检查明确诊断48例,未能确诊4例,确诊率为92.31％.结论 电子支气管镜代替胸腔镜检查对不明原因的胸腔积液的病因诊断是一种操作简单、诊断率高、并发症少的检查方法,其具有较高临床应用价值,值得进一步推广使用.     

胸腔镜检查对不明原因胸腔积液的诊断价值

为了探讨胸腔镜检查对不明原因胸腔积液的诊断价值，分析了４４例不明原因胸腔积液患者在胸腔镜下病理改变及组织学特点，结果显示，胸腔镜检查对不明原因胸腔积液的确诊率为９５．４％，胸腔镜是诊断不明原因胸腔积液的首选方法。     

内科胸腔镜诊断胸腔积液160例临床分析

目的探讨内科胸腔镜对胸腔积液的诊断应用价值及安全性。方法回顾性分析我科2011年1月至2015年1月住院及门诊明确诊断为胸腔积液并行内科胸腔镜检查的160例患者的确诊率及不良事件发生率,并于同期住院的300例行闭式胸膜活检的胸腔积液患者比较。结果胸腔镜组确诊率88.7%,肿瘤77例(48.1%),其中肺腺癌62例,鳞癌2例,小细胞癌4例,胸膜肉瘤3例,胸膜间皮瘤2例,淋巴瘤1例,远处脏器胸膜转移3例;结核性65例(40.6%);慢性非特异性炎18例(11.25%),明显高于闭式胸膜活检组;不良事件发生率胸腔镜组略低于闭式胸膜活检组(无统计学意义),无一例发生严重并发症。总结160例胸腔镜组患者的镜下表现及病理结果,发现肿瘤多为血性胸水,镜下常表现为多发大小不等的结节;结核性胸膜炎的特征性表现为胸膜弥漫分布的大小均匀的盐粒样结节伴有胸膜水肿、增厚,胸膜粘连多见。结论内科胸腔镜对胸腔积液尤其是原因不明的胸腔积液确诊率高,安全性高,创伤小,且操作简单,非常值得临床广泛推广。     

可弯曲内科胸腔镜诊断胸腔积液临床应用

目的 探讨可弯曲内科胸腔镜检查术对不明原因胸腔积液的诊断价值.方法 选择天津市海河医院2007年5月至12月行胸腔镜检查术的20例胸腔积液患者,16例胸腔镜直视下取病变组织行病理检查,4例术前已明确诊断.结果 胸腔镜检查术确诊率93.75%(15/16).转移性腺癌8例,转移性鳞癌1例,转移性腺鳞癌1例,恶性胸腔积液来分型1例,结核病4例,恶性胸膜间皮瘤3例,化脓性炎症1例,未确诊1例.镜下表现弥漫性粟粒样结节10例(50%),多发肿块7例(35%),纤维分隔或粘连带形成9例(45%),无严重并发症.结论 可弯曲内科胸腔镜检查术对胸腔积液是一种安全、确诊率高的诊断方法.     

开放式胸腔镜术在血性胸腔积液病因诊断中的应用

目的探讨开放式胸腔镜术对血性胸腔积液病因的诊断价值。方法对95例不明原因的血性胸腔积液患者实施局麻下开放式胸腔镜术,直视下取病变组织行病理检查。结果病因诊断阳性率为90.5%(86/95),均未发生并发症。结论开放式胸腔镜术对不明原因的血性胸腔积液诊断阳性率高。     

Research and Evaluation of the Influence of the Construction of the Gate and the Influence of the Piston Velocity on the Distribution of Gases into the Volume of the Casting

Distribution of gasses to the cast volume and volume of pores can be maintained within the acceptable limits by means of correct setting of technological parameters of casting and by selection of suitable structure and gating system arrangement. The main idea of this paper solves the issue of suitability of die casting adjustment—i.e., change of technological parameters or change of structural solution of the gating system—with regards to inner soundness of casts produced in die casting process. Parameters which were compared included height of a gate and velocity of a piston. The melt velocity in the gate was used as a correlating factor between the gate height and piston velocity. The evaluated parameter was gas entrapment in the cast at the end of the filling phase of die casting cycle and at the same time percentage of porosity in the samples taken from the main runner. On the basis of the performed experiments it was proved that the change of technological parameters, particularly of pressing velocity of the piston, directly influences distribution of gasses to the cast volume.     

县级以下综合医疗机构医务人员对现代结控知识的认识现状调查

目的本文旨在了解医务人员现代结控知识掌握的现状及培训效果?方法于培训前后进行问卷调查,内容包括:病例发现?结核病诊断及化疗?结果培训前疫情报告和转诊,回答正确者占75.2%?71.7%;对临床表现?查痰和诊断依据,回答正确者占83.5%?42.5%?40.8%;抗痨药物?用药方法?化疗原则?短化方案?短化疗程?治愈标准六项,回答正确者占58%?14.4%?20.8%?9.2%?17%?24.3%?培训后再次调查发现,90%以上医务人员对现代结控基本知识已掌握?结论各级医务人员现代结控知识是很贫乏的,因此,对其进行系统培训是极为必要的,此项工作省时?省力?投入少,可收到事半功倍的效果。     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.     

Preservation of the pylorus in resection of the head of the pancreas

Pylorus preservation has been advocated to decrease the morbidity associated with the classical or standard pancreaticoduodenectomy. The proposed advantages are decreased incidence of peptic ulceration, dumping syndrome, and nutritional problems. However, after an initial period of enthusiasm for the procedure, it is now being found that marginal ulceration at the duodenojejunal anastomosis is encountered with increasing frequency. Delay in gastric emptying occurs frequently, with an overall incidence of 30%. With the availability of better pancreatic enzyme supplements, the current incidence of nutritional problems and weight loss after the standard Whipple procedure is unknown. Whether there is a difference in long-term survival after the two procedures performed for adenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas is still debatable. A controlled trial is needed to answer many of these questions, and pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy should be used cautiously until further data become available.