Reproductive potential of male Portan rats exposed to various levels of lead with regard to zinc status

The present study was designed to elucidate the mechanisms accounting for disruption of the normal function of the testis exposed to various levels of Pb. Three different doses of Pb (10, 50, 200 mg Pb/kg body weight per d) were given orally to male Portan rats (groups 2, 3, 4). Zn (1 mg Zn/kg body weight per d) was also given with Pb (50 mg Pb/kg body weight per d) in group 5. Treatments continued for 3 months. Plasma luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone concentrations were found to be decreased in Pb-exposed rats. This was in turn reflected in the appreciable decline in fertility status. In cell kinetic studies, significant declines in various cell populations (preleptotene, pachytene, young (step 7) spermatids and mature (step 19) spermatids) were seen. However, in group 5 after Zn supplementation, hormone levels, cell numbers and fertility status were found to be close to normal. It is concluded that Pb might act at maturation level to cause conspicuous degenerative changes in the testis; Zn supplementation protected against these effects.     

Hesperidin partially restores impaired immune and nutritional function in irradiated mice

Hesperidin is a flavonone glycoside found abundantly in citrus fruits that reportedly possesses anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and immune effects. Irradiation has been widely used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, but it has the side effect of damaging normal cells and thereby inducing inflammation. This study was performed to investigate the effect of hesperidin on immune reactivity and nutritional status in mice with irradiation-induced inflammation. Two different concentrations (50?mg/kg and 200?mg/kg of body weight) of hesperidin were orally administered for 6 weeks to mice with or without 15-Gy irradiation treatment starting 2 weeks before irradiation. Splenocyte proliferation on Day 10 after irradiation was enhanced by supplementation with hesperidin at 50?mg/kg of body weight compared with that of the control group without irradiation on Day 30 after irradiation. The percentages of CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocytes in the 50?mg/kg of body weight hesperidin group tended to increase compared with the normal group. The concentration of serum cytokines (interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α) decreased in the radiation group treated with hesperidin at 50 and 200?mg/kg of body weight compared with the control group on Day 10 after irradiation. Irradiated mice fed 50?mg/kg of body weight hesperidin had significantly higher levels of total protein and albumin compared with the other groups 30 days after irradiation. In conclusion, this study suggests that hesperidin may enhance immunocompetence, have beneficial effects on nutritional status, and decrease irradiation-induced inflammation in mice.     

4-壬基酚、双酚A对幼雌SD大鼠生殖器官的拟雌激素样作用探讨

目的检测4-壬基酚(4-NP)、双酚A(BPA)对幼雌SD大鼠的拟雌激素样作用和内分泌干扰作用。方法以21日龄雌性SD大鼠为实验对象,选取4-NP和BPA为染毒物质,均设高中低剂量,连续喂饲3天,于末次给药后24h处死。以子宫湿重、脏器系数、子宫内膜及平滑肌增生程度和细胞增殖核抗原(PCNA)的蛋白表达作为检测指标,采用单因素方差分析方法进行统计。结果染毒动物实验结果显示,高中剂量的4-NP(200mg/kg和100mg/kg)和BPA(600mg/kg和400mg/kg)能够使染毒动物的子宫湿重及脏器系数明显增加(P<0.01),并且具有一定的剂量-效应关系;4-NP和BPA高、中、低剂量都能够使子宫内膜上皮增高,平滑肌增厚,PCNA蛋白表达增强(P<0.05)。结论动物染毒实验进一步证实了4-NP、BPA作为环境内分泌干扰物的拟雌激素作用及其剂量-效应关系。     

饮用水中2,6-二氯-1,4-苯醌的体内急性毒性和遗传毒性研究

目的研究饮用水中2,6-二氯-1,4-苯醌(2,6-DCBQ)对小鼠的急性毒性和遗传毒性作用。方法选择健康6~8周龄SPF级昆明小鼠进行试验。将50只小鼠随机分为5组,分别为阴性对照(玉米油)组和215、464、1 000、2 150 mg/kg 2,6-DCBQ染毒组,每组10只,雌雄各半。采用一次性经口灌胃方式进行染毒,染毒容量为20 ml/kg。染毒后观察14 d,记录动物死亡数,计算其半数致死剂量(median lethal dose,LD50)。将50只小鼠随机分为5组,分别为溶剂对照(玉米油)组和62.5、125和250 mg/kg 2,6-DCBQ染毒组及阳性对照组(40 mg/kg环磷酰胺),每组10只,雌雄各半。采用灌胃方式进行染毒,染毒容量为20 ml/kg,两次灌胃间隔24 h;第二次灌胃后6 h,进行骨髓细胞微核试验。将50只雄性小鼠随机分为5组,分别为溶剂对照(玉米油)组和62.5、125和250 mg/kg 2,6-DCBQ染毒组及阳性对照组(40 mg/kg环磷酰胺),每组10只。采用经口灌胃方式进行染毒,染毒容量为20 ml/kg,连续灌胃5 d。染毒后第35天,进行精子畸形试验。结果 2,6-DCBQ对雄性、雌性小鼠经口急性毒性的LD50分别为501 mg/kg(95%CI:344~730 mg/kg)和584 mg/kg(95%CI:430~794mg/kg)。不同剂量2,6-DCBQ染毒组小鼠的骨髓细胞微核率及精子畸形率与溶剂对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。各组PCE/NCE值均在正常范围内。结论 2,6-DCBQ对小鼠经口急性毒性属于低毒级,且未发现其具有遗传毒性。     

Effect of zinc supplementation on the dietary intake and weight gain of Bangladeshi children recovering from protein-energy malnutrition

Sixty severely malnourished children aged between 5 and 60 months were studied during nutritional rehabilitation. They all received a rice-based diet ad libitum plus vitamins and iron supplementation. Thirty children received zinc supplements (10 mg/kg/d for those weighing less than 6 kg and 50 mg daily for those over 6 kg) on a random basis. Zinc was started from the 15th hospital day when they were free of infection and continued for a period of 3 weeks. Both groups had a mean energy intake of 200 kcal/kg/d, but the majority of the supplemented children had a better rate of weight gain: 66 per cent of the supplemented compared with 33 per cent of the controls gained more than 10 g/kg body weight/d. Moreover, 76 per cent of the supplemented children compared with 23 per cent of the controls were over 90 per cent of Harvard median weight for height on discharge. It appears from this study that zinc supplementation promotes growth and enhances the rate of clinical recovery from severe PEM.     

A 6-Month Study on the Toxicity of High Doses of Policosanol Orally Administered to Sprague-Dawley Rats

Policosanol is a cholesterol-lowering drug purified from sugar cane. Previous toxicological studies have not demonstrated any policosanol-related toxicity, even with long-term oral administration at 500 mg/kg, a dose 1,724 times larger than the maximal therapeutic dose (20 mg/day) recommended to date. The present study was undertaken to investigate the oral toxicity of policosanol administered for 6 months in doses up to 5,000 mg/kg to Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were randomly distributed in five groups (15 animals per dose per sex): a control and four groups given oral policosanol (50, 500, 2,500, or 5,000 mg/kg). Eight treated rats (6 males, 2 females) died during the study, five of them (4 males, 1 female) from among those receiving the highest dose (5,000 mg/kg). According to necropsy, all deaths were related to gavage manipulation of higher doses. Although the differences were not significant, body weight gain and food consumption in the groups receiving 2,500 or 5,000 mg/kg tended to be lower than in the control group. Nevertheless, no drug-related toxicity symptoms were detected. Analysis of blood biochemistry, hematology, organ weight ratios, and histopathological findings did not show significant differences compared with controls, nor any tendency with the dose. Therefore, the present study did not show any new evidence of oral toxicity of policosanol, and the findings observed were a consequence of long-term administration by gastric gavage of the highly concentrated suspensions needed to reach the higher doses. It is concluded that policosanol chronically administered by the oral route is safe and that no drug-related toxicity was demonstrated.     

Effects of protein-rich supplementation and nandrolone in lean elderly women with femoral neck fractures

AIM: To evaluate the effects of a protein-rich liquid supplementation, alone or in combination with the anabolic steroid nandrolone decanoate, on body composition, activities of daily living (ADL) status and the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after a femoral neck fracture. METHODS: Sixty women, aged 83 +/- 5 years (mean +/- SD), BMI < 24 kg/m2 (20.4 +/- 2 kg/m2 ) and capable of co-operating, with a femoral neck fracture treated with internal fixation, were randomised to open treatment during 6 months with a protein-rich liquid formula alone (PR, Fortimel, 200 ml/day, 20 g protein/day) or in combination with nandrolone decanoate (PR/N, Deca-Durabol 25 mg i.m./3 weeks) or to a control group (C). The patients were re-examined after 6 and 12 months regarding body weight (BW), lean body mass (LBM, DXA), ADL status according to Katz, HRQoL according to EQ 5-D and fracture healing. RESULTS: LBM decreased in the C (-1.2 +/- 2 kg) and PR groups (-1.2 +/- 1 kg) but remained the same in the PR/N group (0.3 +/- 1 kg) (P < 0.05 between groups). ADL remained at a high level in the two intervention groups but declined significantly in the C group (P < 0.005 between groups). The decline in HRQoL was least pronounced in the PR/N group at 6 months (P < 0.05 between groups). Patients with fracture healing complications lost more BW (P < 0.05) and LBM (P < 0.01) than patients with uneventful fracture healing. CONCLUSION: Protein-rich liquid supplementation in combination with nandrolone given for 6 months to lean elderly women after a femoral neck fracture may positively affect LBM, ADL and HRQoL.     

除草剂2-甲-4氯苯氧乙酸对雄性小鼠的毒作用

目的观察除草剂2-甲-4-氯苯氧乙酸(MCPA)对雄性小鼠的毒作用。方法将雄性昆明种小鼠随机分为4组,每组10只。对照组给予蒸馏水灌胃,其余3组分别以20、100和200mg/kgMCPA灌胃,每天1次,每周6次,连续17d。测定小鼠的体重、甲状腺素(T4)、三碘甲腺原氨酸(TSH)、胆固醇含量、脾和睾丸的脏器系数、睾丸组织中的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和山梨醇脱氢酶(SDH)的比活性。结果与对照组比较,各MCPA染毒组体重增长缓慢。200mg/kg组的脾系数、血清TSH明显低于对照组。血清胆固醇含量随剂量升高而上升。与对照组比较,20mg/kg组T4升高有显著性(P<0.05);200mg/kg组T4降低有显著性(P<0.05);睾丸系数随剂量的增加而明显降低,睾丸组织中的LDH活性各染毒组均明显升高,但SDH未见明显变化。结论除草剂MCPA可抑制雄性小鼠体重增长,并导致内分泌功能紊乱、脾萎缩,具有生殖毒性。     

Reproductive inhibition caused by the anti-inflammatory analgesic benzydamine in the rat

The anti-inflammatory analgesic benzydamine was given to pregnant rats from Day 15 of gestation to Day 21 of lactation and from Days 6 to 15 of gestation at daily oral doses of 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg. The dams were observed to assess maternal toxicity, viability, growth, and symptomatology throughout the two studies. The offspring from the first study were observed for litter size, weight, still births, and subsequent development from birth to weaning. In the second study, all dams were sacrificed on Day 20 and examined for parameters of fecundity, embryotoxicity, and teratogenicity. Dams given 200 mg benzydamine/kg during late gestation and lactation exhibited signs of maternal toxicity and a 35% mortality. Significant decreases in litter size, weight, live births of either sex, and progeny body weights were noted at birth from these dams. Subsequently, body weights during lactation were depressed while progeny mortality was increased. Dams given 50 or 100 mg/kg during late gestation and lactation were not adversely affected, but progeny body weights (predominantly males) were significantly decreased. Dams given up to 200 mg benzydamine/kg during the “critical period of organogenesis” displayed no signs of maternal toxicity, and no adverse reproductive or teratogenic effects were detected. Thus the demonstrated inhibition of reproductive performance by benzydamine appears to be due to an increase in maternal toxicity during late gestation and lactation. This difference, coupled with a greater adverse effect on male offspring during lactation, may suggest either a change in the pathway of benzydamine metabolism or a piperazine-like selectivity after repetative doses.     

Pistacia lentiscus resin regulates intestinal damage and inflammation in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis

Mastic (Pistacia lentiscus) of the Anacardiaceae family has exhibited anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in patients with Crohn's disease. This study was based on the hypothesis that mastic inhibits intestinal damage in inflammatory bowel disease, regulating inflammation and oxidative stress in intestinal epithelium. Four different dosages of P. lentiscus powder in the form of powder were administered orally to trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitic rats. Eighty-four male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to seven groups: A, control; B, colitic; C-F, colitic rats daily supplemented with P. lentiscus powder at (C) 50 mg/kg, (D) 100 mg/kg, (E) 200 mg/kg, and (F) 300 mg/kg of body weight; and G, colitic rats treated daily with cortisone (25 μg/kg of body weight). Colonic damage was assessed microscopically. The cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and IL-10 and malonaldehyde were measured in colonic specimens. Results were expressed as mean ± SE values. Histological amelioration of colitis (P≤.001) and significant differences in colonic indices occurred after 3 days of treatment. Daily administration of 100 mg of P. lentiscus powder/kg of body weight decreased all inflammatory cytokines (P≤.05), whereas 50 mg of P. lentiscus powder/kg of body weight and cortisone treatment reduced only ICAM-1 (P≤.05 and P≤.01, respectively). Malonaldehyde was significantly suppressed in all treated groups (P≤.01). IL-10 remained unchanged. Cytokines and malonaldehyde remained unaltered after 6 days of treatment. Thus P. lentiscus powder could possibly have a therapeutic role in Crohn's disease, regulating oxidant/antioxidant balance and modulating inflammation.     

Daily versus alternate-day regimen of amphotericin B in the treatment of kala-azar: a randomized comparison.

Using a randomized study, we compared a daily and an alternate-day regimen of amphotericin B for the treatment of kala-azar, with respect to efficacy, adverse reactions, cost-effectiveness, and tolerance. The study subjects were 80 kala-azar patients, drawn from the first four decades of life and matched by age, sex, and parasite load. The patients were randomly allocated to treatment groups A and B (40 patients per group). Patients in group A received a daily regimen of amphotericin B, starting with an escalating dose of 0.05 mg/kg body weight per day until a daily dose of 1 mg/kg was reached; the latter dose was then given daily till a total dose of 20 mg/kg body weight had been administered. The patients in group B also started with an escalating dose of 0.05 mg/kg but when 1 mg/kg was reached the drug was given on alternate days. All 80 patients using the two treatment regimens were cured, no patient relapsed in either group in 6 months of follow-up, and their bone-marrow aspirates were free of amastigotes. Treatment of kala-azar patients with the daily regimen of amphotericin B at a dose 1 mg/kg body weight was as effective, not more toxic, equally well tolerated, and much more cost-effective than the alternate-day regimen and should be adopted for treatment of this condition.     

Dose-dependent activation of immune function in mice by ingestion of Maharishi Amrit Kalash 4

This study was carried out to evaluate the dose-effects of ingestion of Maharishi Amrit Kalash 4 (MAK 4), an ayurvedic food supplement, on the immune function in female inbred BALB/c mice. Superoxide anion (O₂) production of peritoneal macrophages and the response of spleen cells to concanavalin A (Con A) were examined in mice given MAK 4 by gastric intubation of an aqueous emulsion at the dose of 10, 50, 100 or 200 mg/kg once a day for 20 days. Glucose consumption of peritoneal macrophage in the MAK 4-treated mice at the doses of 10 and 50 mg/kg after not only 24-hour but also 48-hour incubations were significantly high compared with the control group. Glucose consumption of peritoneal macrophages in the MAK 4-treated mice at the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg after 48 hours of incubation were significantly lower than that of the control group. O₂ production in the absence of a stimulator was significantly enhanced in the MAK 4-treated groups at the doses of 10 and 50 mg/kg. On the other hand, O₂ production in the presence of a stimulator was significantly high in the MAK 4-treated groups at the doses of 10 and 50 mg/kg, and was significantly low in the MAK 4-treated groups at the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg compared with that in the control group. Activities of acid phosphatase in the peritoneal macrophages were significantly low in the MAK 4-treated groups at the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg compared with those in the control group. Activities of β -glucuronidase (GLU) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the peritoneal macrophages were significantly increased in the MAK 4-treated mice at the doses of 10 and 50 mg/kg. GLU and LDH activities of peritoneal macrophages in the MAK 4-treated mice at the doses of 100 and 200 mg /kg were significantly low compared with those in the control group. MAK 4 did not enhance spontaneous splenic lymphocyte proliferation at any dose in mice. Stimulation indices in the MAK 4-treated groups at all doses were significantly higher than those of the control group. These results indicate that 10 and 50 mg/kg per day might be appropriate doses to enhance not only macrophage function but also lymphocyte responsiveness for the gastric intubation of MAK 4 in mice. An erratum to this article is available at .     

冷刀锥切术在子宫颈上皮内瘤变后对妊娠影响的研究

目的:探讨冷刀锥切术在子宫颈上皮内瘤变后对妊娠的影响。方法:将2007年1月~2009年7月间台州医院收治因宫颈上皮内瘤变而实施冷刀锥切术,术前无不孕症,且有生育要求的妇女50例作为观察组,并随机选取同时期内产科收住的普通妊娠妇女50例作为对照组,比较两组妇女妊娠时间、经过、孕周、妊娠结局和胎儿情况。结果:观察组50例妇女术后3~6个月妊娠10例,6~12个月妊娠21例,12~30个月妊娠17例,其中早产4例,过期产2例,足月产42例;对照组50例产妇早产5例,过期产1例,足月产44例,两组数据差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组2例产妇发生胎膜早破,随后行剖宫产,胎膜早破发生率为4.2%,对照组产妇有1例发生胎膜早破,胎膜早破发生率为2.0%,两组数据差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组娩出胎儿均存活,体重(3 458±425)g,其中最低出生体重2 750 g,为1例早产儿,最高体重4 300 g,对照组胎儿体重(3 520±470)g,其中最低体重2 700 g,最高体重4 200 g,两组数据差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:冷刀锥切术治疗子宫颈上皮内瘤变疗效显著,安全可靠,对患者术后妊娠无不良影响。     

Involvement of lipoic acid in plasma metabolites, hepatic oxygen consumption, and metabolic response to a beta-agonist in broiler chickens

The present study was conducted to determine the role of alpha-lipoic acid (LA) in plasma metabolites, hepatic O2 consumption, and beta-adrenergic response in broilers. In Expt 1, 12-d-old female broiler chicks were divided into three dietary groups and fed on diets with or without LA (5 or 50 mg/kg) until 4 or 6 weeks of age, as a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement. The dietary LA had no effect on growth rates (body weight, abdominal fat, breast muscle, and liver). The higher level of LA increased plasma non-esterified fatty acid and decreased plasma triacylglycerol concentrations only at 6 weeks of age. A 42% increase in hepatic respiration was observed in the 4-week-old chickens given 50 mg LA/kg diet. In Expt 2, 3-d-old female broiler chicks were treated with or without dietary LA at 50 mg/kg. At 30 and 31 d old, isoproterenol (2 mg/kg body weight per h) was continuously infused into a wing vein for 2 h, and changes in plasma glucose, triacylglycerol, and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations were analysed. Isoproterenol increased plasma glucose over basal levels maximally at 60 min. Furthermore, the glucose increase in the LA-treated chickens was 35% greater than that of the controls at this time. Plasma non-esterified fatty acid and triacylglycerol concentrations were decreased by the isoproterenol infusion, regardless of LA administration. Therefore, the present study suggests that dietary LA has repartitioning effects on energy metabolism in chickens (although this depends on age-related metabolic state) and is a possible facilitator in the beta-adrenergic response of plasma glucose to a beta-agonist.     

Ultrasound scanning for detecting morbidity due to Schistosoma haematobium and its resolution following treatment with different doses of praziquantel

A study to assess the resolution of urinary tract morbidity due to Schistosoma haematobium was conducted on 2 cohorts of schoolchildren attending neighbouring schools in Kilombero District, southern Tanzania. Schoolchildren were screened for S. haematobium infection using the standard World Health Organization filtration technique and subsequently examined for urinary tract pathology using a portable 3.0 MHz sector scanner (Siemens Sonoline 1300). Treatment with praziquantel was given to all infected children. Children with observed urinary tract pathology received either 20 (n = 52) or 40 (n = 79) mg/kg body weight and were sonographically re-examined one, 2, 3 and 6 months following treatment. Geometric mean outputs of 21 and 19 eggs/ml of urine were detected in the 2 cohorts before treatment. Urinary tract pathology correlated positively with egg output (chi 2, P = 0.02) and microhaematuria (P = 0.0001). Bladder (wall irregularities and polyps) and kidney (congestive changes) pathologies were found in 81% and 36%, respectively, of the group that received 20 mg/kg of praziquantel, and in 78% and 46% of the group that received 40 mg/kg. Six months after treatment, 90.4% and 88.0% parasitological cure rates were obtained using 20 or 40 mg praziquantel/kg body weight. The respective pathology clearances were 88% and 91%. 20 mg/kg of praziquantel was as effective with regard to cure rates and reversibility of morbidity as 40 mg/kg.     

Studies of nitrogen balance in male highlanders in Papua New Guinea

Nitrogen metabolism in Papua New Guinea highlanders was studied by examining their nitrogen balance when they ate their usual diet (experiment 1) or an experimental diet (experiment 2). Studies were made on 39 male highlanders between October and December in 1980 and 1982. In experiment 1, the average protein and energy intakes (mean +/- SD) for three consecutive days of usual diets were 116.2 +/- 31.2 mg N/kg body weight and 46.9 +/- 8.9 kcal/kg body weight in 1980 and 143.5 +/- 54.8 mg N/kg body weight and 47.3 +/- 10.5 kcal/kg body weight in 1982, and thus the nitrogen balances were 27.7 +/- 28.3 and 18.4 +/- 24.2 mg N/kg body weight, respectively. Most dietary protein and energy was derived from sweet potatoes and other vegetable foods, but between 1980 and 1982 the diet changed slightly with increased consumption of imported foods such as rice and canned fish. In the second experiment, when 10 highlanders were given adequate protein diet (about 200 mg N/kg body weight and about 44 kcal total energy/kg body weight for 13 d, much of the dietary nitrogen was retained in their bodies (45.1 +/- 19.3 mg N/kg body weight). When another group of men were fed a sweet-potato diet (81.1 mg N/kg body weight for 8 d followed by a low protein sweet-potato diet containing only 42 mg N/kg body weight with 50 kcal/kg body weight for 14 d, nitrogen true digestibility and net protein utilization increased and their nitrogen balance showed no significant change (-11.0 +/- 5.6 mg N/kg body weight).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

氧乐果对小鼠睾丸特征性酶的影响及茶多酚的拮抗作用

目的研究有机磷农药——氧乐果对小鼠睾丸特征性酶的影响以及茶多酚对它的拮抗作用。方法将80只昆明雄性小鼠随机分成8组，即3个氧乐果染毒组，1个对照组，1个茶多酚组和茶多酚＋低、中、高剂量氧乐果染毒组。染毒组分别灌胃1、2、4mg／kg氧乐果；茶多酚组灌胃180mg／kg茶多酚；茶多酚＋低、中、高剂量染毒组小鼠提前灌胃茶多酚180mg／kg，2h以后分别灌胃1、2、4mg／kg氧乐果，对照组灌胃生理盐水，共灌胃6d。用比色法检测睾丸组织中睾丸特征性酶——碱性磷酸酶（AKP）、酸性磷酸酶（ACP）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）及乳酸脱氢酶X酶（LDH—X）的活力。结果随着氧乐果染毒剂量的增加，小鼠体重和睾丸重下降（P〈0，01或P〈0．05），睾丸AKP、ACP和LDH活力均升高（P〈0，05或P〈0，01）。预先灌胃茶多酚，2h后灌胃氧乐果，小鼠体重和酶活力有所变化，但与对照组比较，差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论茶多酚对氧乐果所造成的小鼠睾丸特征性酶的影响有拮抗作用。     

阿维菌素亚急性染毒对大鼠肝脏和血清氧化应激指标的影响

目的 通过动物试验观察阿维菌素的亚急性毒性,从氧化性损伤角度探讨其毒作用机制,为接触阿维菌素的职业人群的疾病防护提供依据。 方法 将健康Wistar大鼠随机分为3组,每组10只,雌雄各半,分别为高剂量组(1/4 LD50)、低剂量组(1/8 LD50)和阴性对照组,采用经口灌胃方式连续染毒30 d。每周称量动物体重,实验结束后腹腔注射戊巴比妥钠麻醉动物,腹主动脉采血,检测血清MDA含量及GSH-Px、SOD活性;取动物肝、脾、肾、睾丸(或卵巢)称重,计算脏体比,组织用10%甲醛溶液固定,用于病理组织学检查。 结果 染毒后,阿维菌素高、低剂量染毒组与对照组相比,大鼠体重的增长幅度均呈现出降低趋势,实验结束时,三组雌性大鼠体重差值差异有统计学意义(F=102.85,P < 0.05);高剂量染毒组雌性大鼠的体重低于阴性对照组(t=3.235,P < 0.05);雌性大鼠的脑体比、肝体比、肾体比在三组间比较,差异有统计学意义(F=22.34、93.15、60.77,P均< 0.05);雌性高剂量组与对照组的脑、肝、肾体比差异,雌性低剂量组与对照组肝体比差异,雌性高剂量组与低剂量组脑体比的差异均有统计学意义(t=13.69、20.14、16.20、8.91、8.36,P均< 0.05)。大鼠血清MDA含量及GSH-Px、SOD活性在三组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=57.48、120.62、30.45,P均< 0.05)。与对照组相比,阿维菌素组大鼠MDA含量显著增加,GSH-Px、SOD活性显著降低(P < 0.05)。病理学结果显示:阿维菌素高、低剂量组大鼠肝组织个别汇管区均见少量单个核细胞浸润,并且在其周围发现少许轻微萎缩的肝细胞,其他脏器未见异常。 结论 阿维菌素可降低大鼠体重,对大鼠肝脏造成损伤,且氧化性损伤是阿维菌素毒作用机制之一。     

Effects of trichlorfon on maternal estrous cycle, oocyte maturation, and near-term fetal developmental outcome in mice

Trichlorfon (TCF) is a widely used broad-spectrum agricultural organophosphate (OP) pesticide. Few studies have evaluated the effects of TCF on reproductive toxicity after low-level exposure, especially after long-term exposure. This study assessed the direct effects of TCF on estrous cycle, oocyte maturation in female mice, and developmental outcome in near-term fetuses after 30 consecutive days of maternal exposure to 2, 10, or 50 mg/kg body weight/d TCF via drinking water. Both male and female fetuses in the 50 mg/kg/d TCF-treated group had significantly reduced body weights; but this did not occur in the 2 mg/kg/d and 10 mg/kg/d TCF-treated groups. No difference in oocyte maturation, including the percentages of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and first polar body (PB1) extrusion, or in estrous cycle was found between the control and TCF-treated groups. No increased incidence of fetal external malformations was observed in the TCF-treated groups. Significant decreases in maternal liver weights occurred in the 10 and 50 mg/kg/d TCF-treated groups in a dose-dependent manner. No significant changes were found in the weight of organs such as the ovaries, thymus, kidneys, spleen, lungs, heart or brain. The lack of effects of 2 mg/kg/d and 10 mg/kg/d TCF on any in vivo reproductive and developmental endpoints examined suggest that no TCF reproductive toxicity occurs at exposures less than 10 mg/kg/d.     

Assessments of pharmacokinetic drug interactions and tolerability of albendazole, praziquantel and ivermectin combinations

The pharmacokinetic interactions and tolerability of albendazole, praziquantel and ivermectin combinations were assessed in 23 healthy Thai volunteers (12 males and 11 females). The study was an open, randomised, three-way crossover design in which each subject attended the study on three separate occasions (Phases I, II and III), of 4 d or 8 d each, with at least 1 or 2 weeks (but not longer than 2 months) between each phase. All subjects received the three study drug regimens as follows: regimen I, oral praziquantel (40 mg/kg body weight); regimen II, oral ivermectin (200 microg/kg body weight) given concurrently with an oral dose of albendazole (400 mg); and regimen III, oral ivermectin given concurrently with albendazole and praziquantel. All treatment regimens showed acceptable tolerability profiles. The incidence of overall drug-related adverse events was significantly higher following regimens I (12/23) and III (7/23) compared with that following regimen II (0/23). Six statistically significant changes in the pharmacokinetic parameters of albendazole sulphoxide (Cmax, AUC0-infinity, Vz/F, CL/F), praziquantel (Vz/F) and ivermectin (AUC0-infinity) were observed when the three drugs were given concurrently. However, based on US Food and Drug Administration criteria, these changes were not considered of clinical relevance.