细菌脂多糖诱导人牙龈成纤维细胞产生IL-1β

目的：在细菌脂多糖诱导下探讨人牙龈成纤维细胞（HGF）在牙周炎症反应中的作用。方法：用细胞培养法，酶联免疫吸附分析法（ELISA）检测细胞培养液上清中的IL－β浓度，用MTT法检测人牙龈成纤维细胞对细菌脂多糖（LPS）的增殖反应。结果：LPS对HGF具有促增殖作用；LPS以剂量依赖方式诱导HGF产生IL－1β，6h最大分泌量，结论：HGF是一种能分泌炎性细胞因子参与牙周组织破坏的细胞。     

内异方对子宫内膜异位症大鼠细胞因子含量、血管内皮细胞生长因子mRNA表达的影响

目的：探讨中药内异方对子宫内膜异位症大鼠细胞因子含量及血管内皮细胞生长因子（VEGF）mRNA表达的调节作用。方法：用Cummings AM方法复制子宫内膜异位症动物模型,采用ELISA法检测IL－6、IL－8、IL－10含量,Dot blot法检测VEGF mRNA表达水平。结果：模型组外周血IL－6、腹腔液IL－8水平、腹腔巨噬细胞数量及巨噬细胞在脂多糖（LPS）刺激下产生的IL－6含量显高于正常对照组;内异方组异位种植内膜组腹腔巨噬细胞在LPS刺激下产生的IL－10含量显低于正常对照组和内异方组;模型组种植异位内膜组织VEGF mRNA表达水平明显高于内异方组。结论：子宫内膜异位症细胞因子IL－6、IL－8、IL－10的失衡与疾病的发生发展有关,VEGF mRNA的过度表达与内异灶血管的形成相关;内异方可显抑制异位内膜组织的生长,同时抑制异位灶VEGF mRNA的过度表达,减少异位灶血管的生成,并对细胞因子有明显的调节作用。     

小檗碱对小鼠RAW264．7巨噬细胞极化的影响

目的观察小檗碱对脂多糖（LPS）、白细胞介素－4（IL－4）诱导的小鼠RAW264．7细胞极化的影响。方法体外培养小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264．7,模型组和给药组分别加入LPS （终浓度100 ng／mL）或IL－4（终浓度10 ng／mL）,给药组用终浓度20μmol／L的小檗碱分别进行干预,同时空白对照组给予等体积磷酸盐缓冲液（PBS）。采用荧光定量聚合酶链反应检测精氨酸酶－1（ Arg－1）、一氧化氮合酶（ iNOS）、细胞因子信号传导抑制蛋白2（ SOCS2）、细胞因子信号传导抑制蛋白3（SOCS3）的mRNA表达水平,采用酶联免疫吸附（ELISA）法检测肿瘤坏死因子－α（TNF－α）及IL－10的分泌量。结果小檗碱对LPS刺激的巨噬细胞TNF－α分泌量的增加以及iNOS、 SOCS3 mRNA表达水平的上升均有显著的下调作用（P＜0．05或P＜0．01）;对IL－4刺激的巨噬细胞IL－10分泌量的增加和Arg－1 mRNA表达水平的上升均有显著下调作用（P＜0．05）,而对SOCS2 mRNA的表达无显著影响（P＞0．05）。结论小檗碱能抑制巨噬细胞向M1型极化,亦能抑制巨噬细胞向M2型极化,提示其可能在维持M1／M2动态平衡中发挥调节作用。     

TNF-α和IL-1对大鼠肝细胞糖皮质激素受体表达及功能的影响

目的 研究TNF－α和IL－1对大鼠肝细胞糖皮质激素受体（GR）的表达和转录激活能力的影响，探讨炎性细胞因子诱发糖皮质激素抵抗的内在机制。方法 免疫细胞化学染色分析经TNF－α和IL－1刺激培养后BRL－3A大鼠肝细胞株GR的表达和核转位变化，应用糖皮质激素反应元件报告质粒pMAMneo-CAT分析系统观察GR的转录激活能力改变。结果 BRL－3A细胞经TNF－α和IL－1刺激培养12h后，其胞浆和胞核GR瓣表达明显降低，尤以核内GR降低更加显著；转染pMAMneo-CAT质粒的肝细胞在地塞米松存在情况下，经TNF－α和IL－1刺激后CAT含量显著下降，两者协同效果更加明显。结论 TNF－α和IL－1可以通过降低BRL－3细胞GR的表达和核转位而抑制GR的的转录激活能力，这可能是炎性细胞因子诱发皮质激素抵抗的主要机制。     

高分子合成膜和纤维素膜透析器生物相容性的研究

目的：比较高分子合成膜透析器和纤维素膜透析器的生物相容性。方法：利用酶联免疫吸附分析（ELISA）方法和逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT－PCR）、斑点杂交方法检测了应用铜仿膜（14例）、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯膜（PMMA）（14例）、聚砚膜（14例）血液透析患者、尿毒症未透析患者（10例）、腹膜透析患者（10例）及正常人（10例）血浆IL－1β、TNFα、IL－6水平及其基因表达。结果：正常人血浆IL－1β、TNFα、IL－6水平很低,外周血单核细胞（PBMC）中未检测到它们的mRNA表达。尿毒症未透析患者血浆IL－1β、TNFα、IL－6水平显著高于正常（P＜0．05）,表达3种细胞因子的mRNA。血液透析患者透析中细胞因子的mRNA表达均较未透析者显著升高（P＜0．05）,其中铜仿膜组IL－1β、TNFα、IL－6mRNA表达显著高于PMMA膜组和聚砚膜组,后两者间无显著性差异。但应用3种透析膜透析过程中IL－1β、TNFα、IL－6的血浆水平无显著性差异（P＞0．05）。结论：铜仿膜的生物相容性较PMMA膜、聚砚膜差,可导致细胞因子基因的过度表达,机体免疫功能紊乱。     

PDTC对创伤性肺损伤大鼠肺组织TNFα、IL-8含量及其mRNA表达的影响

目的 观察PDTC对创伤后肺组织TNFα、IL－8含量及其mRNA表达的影响。方法 80中大鼠分为创伤组（T组）,PDTC预处理组（P组）及对照组（C组）,利用多功能小型生物撞击机致伤,观测伤后各组0．5、1、2、4、8h肺组织TNFα、IL－8及其mRNA变化。结果 致伤后TNFα、IL－8含量及其mRNA表达明显升高,TNFα在伤后1h达到峰值,IL－8在伤后4h达到峰值;PDTC组TNFα、IL－8含量及其mRNA表达显著低于创伤组（P＜0．01）。结论 PDTC可以通过抑制TNFα、IL－8mRNA表达,减少致炎细胞因子的释放,减轻创伤后全身及肺组织的炎症损害。     

缺血再灌注损伤增加肾组织免疫原性的实验研究

目的：观察缺血再灌注损伤对肾组织免疫原性的影响。方法：在大鼠单肾热缺血再灌注损伤模型的基础上，利用逆转录－多聚酶链反应（RT－PCR）半定量技术检测不同损伤程度的肾组织中共刺激分子B7、炎性细胞因子IL－2、TNF－α的mRNA表达水平。结果：正常和缺血肾组织中B7、TNF－α、IL－2的mRNA表达处于极低水平，再灌注后肾组织中B7、TNF－α、IL－2的mRNA的表达开始逐渐升高，并于再灌注后72h达高峰，缺血60min再灌注组的B7、IL－2、TNF－α的mRNA的表达水平明显高于缺血30min再灌注组（P＜0.05）。结论：缺血再灌注损伤使共刺激分子B7、炎性细胞因子TNF－α、IL－2的mRNA表达升高，提示缺血再灌注损伤可使移植肾免疫原性升高，炎症反应加强，这些均能促进急性排斥反应的发生。     

小儿肺炎血清细胞因子的检测及其临床意义

目的：通过动态检测观察小儿肺炎患者血清肿瘤坏死因子－α（TNF－α）、白细胞介素1β（IL－1β）、白细胞介素6（IL－6）,白细胞介素8（IL－8）,四种细胞因子的表达水平。方法：采用双抗体夹心ELISA法检测。结果：肺炎急性期四种细胞因子水平显著增高,随着病情的好转而逐渐降低,结论:甸子参与了小儿肺炎的炎症反应过程,与肺炎的发生发展密切相关。     

白细胞介素-13对肾小球系膜细胞TNF-α表达的影响

目的：研究白细胞介素—13(IL—13)对肾小球系膜细胞(MC)表达TNF—α的调节作用。方法：采用ELISA法测定MC培养上清中TNF—α。用逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT—PCR)检测MCTNF—α mRNA表达。并用凝胶成像分析系统作半定量比较。结果：未经任何刺激的MC不分泌TNF—α，亦无TNF—αmRNA表达。经脂多糖(LPS)(10mg／L)刺激，MC高表达TNF—αmRNA及其蛋白。IL—13浓度1mg／L、10mg／L、100mg／L时均显著抑制LPS诱导MCTNF—αmRNA表达及其蛋白分泌。IL—13(100mg／L)几乎完全抑制MC表达TNF—αmRNA及其蛋白分泌，IL—13(0．1mg／L)则无抑制作用。结论：IL—13可能通过抑制MC分泌炎症细胞因子而延缓，肾内炎症过程。     

丹红注射液对脂多糖诱导THP-1巨噬细胞促炎因子分泌的影响及机制

目的观察丹红注射液对脂多糖（LPS）诱导的THP-1巨噬细胞促炎因子分泌的影响,并探讨其机制。方法160nmol／L佛波酯孵育THP-1巨噬细胞24h后分为对照组、脂多糖组、丹红组和脂多糖＋丹红组,酶联免疫吸附法检测培养液中促炎因子的含量,Western blot检测核因子κB（NF—κB）、p65和rroll样受体4（TLR4）的蛋白表达水平。结果丹红注射液明显抑制LPS诱导的巨噬细胞肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素6（IL-6）和白细胞介素1β（IL-1β）释放,下调核因子NF—κB和TLR4的表达。结论丹红注射液抑制脂多糖诱导的炎症反应,可能与其抑制TLR4和NF—κB的表达有关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.