关节镜下应用可吸收界面螺钉固定自体4股腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带

目的：探讨关节镜下应用可吸收界面螺钉固定自体4股腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带的临床效果.方法：对21例前交叉韧带断裂的患者,在关节镜下采用4股腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带,使用可吸收界面螺钉对移植物进行固定,术前、术后观察患者的症状,膝关节活动度、前抽屉试验、Lachman试验、轴移试验,按照Lysholm膝关节功能评分标准评价疗效.结果：本组未出现深静脉血栓或感染.术后随访6～18个月,膝关节屈曲平均130°,伸直0°;21例患者均无打软腿现象.前抽屉试验20例阴性,1例阳性（Ⅰ°）.Lachman试验20例阴性,1例阳性.轴移试验均为阴性.Lysholm评分从术前（48.3±4.6）分提高至（84.7±4.4）分,差异有统计学意义（t=2.91,P＜0.01）.结论：关节镜下应用可吸收界面螺钉固定自体4股腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带,是治疗前交叉韧带断裂的一种方法,具有手术操作较简单、固定可靠、费用较低、愈合率高等优点.     

关节镜下自体四股腘绳肌腱前交叉韧带重建术后疗效及影响因素

目的 通过关节镜下应用自体四股腘绳肌腱（semitendinosus/gracilis,ST/G）前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament, ACL)重建术治疗ACL损伤,探讨采用不同手术方式和不同康复训练方式术后的疗效对比及其影响因素。 方法 回顾性分析自2017年1月至2018年3月期间本院收治的ACL损伤患者共80例（80膝）,按照手术方式及康复训练方式不同分为4组,每组20例（20膝）,包括保残专业康复组,保残常规康复组,非保残专业康复组,非保残常规康复组。比较末次随访时4组膝关节功能评分、稳定性试验和本体感觉测量结果。 结果 术后患者随访时间均为12个月。4组术后末次随访时Lysholm和IKDC评分均较术前明显增高（P<0.001）,且四组间有显著性差异（P<0.001）。术后四组患侧与健侧位置觉差异对比均有统计学意义（P<0.001）。基于Lysholm、IKDC评分中末次随访与术前的差值增量、患侧与健侧位置觉差异为因变量,以手术方式和康复训练方式为自变量行双因素方差分析,两自变量对膝关节功能评分和本体感觉恢复影响具有显著性（P<0.001）,并且保残组两评分增量显著高于非保残组（P<0.001）,专业康复组两评分增量显著高于常规康复组（P<0.001）,而保残组位置觉差异显著低于非保残组（P<0.001）,专业康复组位置觉差异显著低于常规康复组（P<0.001）。 结论 关节镜下自体四股ST/G保留下止点残端重建术是治疗ACL损伤的理想手术方案,术后实施分时段、个体化专业运动疗法康复,能够促进膝关节功能和本体感觉恢复,有助于患者尽早康复和重返运动。     

自体腘绳肌腱与人工韧带加强系统重建前交叉韧带的比较

目的比较自体腘绳肌腱(HT)和人工韧带加强系统(LARS)重建前交叉韧带(ACL)的效果。方法选择61例ACL断裂患者(均为单侧断裂),其中男性37例,女性24例;年龄17~57岁,平均年龄36岁。采用自体HT重建ACL30例(HT组),采用LARS重建ACL31例(LARS组)。按Lysholm评分系统及KT-2000检查评估功能。结果全部病例均获随访,随访时间26~30个月。Lysholm评分术后2年HT组和LARS组分别为(90.80±8.87)分、(91.70±6.54)分;KT-2000测试膝关节移动距离分别为(2.58±2.18)mm、(2.39±2.09)mm。两组膝关节Lysholm评分在术后均较术前改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组间术后Lysholm评分及膝关节稳定性KT-2000检查比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论两种移植物均能够获得满意的临床效果,明显改善膝关节功能,LARS是一种良好的替代移植物。     

关节镜下自体腘绳肌和异体胫前肌单束重建前交叉韧带的1年随访比较

背景：由于人工韧带存在慢性疲劳,越来越多的人采用异体肌腱重建前后交叉韧带损伤。 目的：比较关节镜下自体腘绳肌和异体胫前肌单束重建前交叉韧带的疗效。 方法：收集关节镜下用自体腘绳肌和异体胫前肌单束重建前交叉韧带随访满1年的病例。自体腘绳肌重建前交叉韧带组28例;异体胫前肌重建前交叉韧带组18例。采用股骨端Endobutten、胫骨端可吸收螺钉固定。采用支具固定并进行功能训练。 结果与结论：前交叉韧带重建后6个月,异体肌腱组lysholm评分高于自体肌腱组(P < 0.05);重建后12个月两组lysholm评分差异无显著性意义。两组重建后6,12个月与重建前比较差异均有显著性意义(P < 0.05),重建后12个月与6个月比较差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05)。结果表明,自体和异体肌腱重建前交叉韧带随访1年疗效相当。     

关节镜下自体骨-髌韧带-骨重建前交叉韧带效果评价

目的　评价关节镜下用自体1/3髌骨-髌韧带-骨重建前交叉韧带的技术和疗效。 方法　自2003年1月至2010年1月对35例前交叉韧带断裂患者行关节镜下自体髌骨-髌韧带-骨重建前交叉韧带术,其中男22例,女13例,年龄23.0岁（20.0 -28.0岁）,左膝关节18例,右膝17例。35例患者均为急性损伤,受伤前均为体育运动爱好者。 结果　随访1-6年,平均3.0年,采用lysholm评分标准评价膝关节功能,术前平均59.40分（45-81分）,术后平均91.80分（72-100分）,术后与术前相比有显著差异性（p<0.5）。35例患者术后均无前叉韧带再断裂,术后34例恢复受伤前运动水平,1例运动水平较受伤前降低。术后1年有2例患者在膝极度屈曲位时有轻微膝前疼痛,但对运动水平无显著影响。 结论　关节镜下自体髌骨-髌韧带-骨重建前交叉韧带是一种微创有效的手术方法,尤其对年轻、活动量大、要求早期恢复高强度运动的患者是一种较佳的选择。     

关节镜下4股腘绳肌重建前交叉韧带24例围手术期护理

目的探讨关节镜下4股胭绳肌重建前交叉韧带重建的围手术期护理。方法对24例前交叉韧带损伤在关节镜下应用4股胭绳肌进行韧带重建,制定系统的康复护理计划：术前心理疏导,增强治疗信心,术后及时观察患肢感觉运动,应用数学卡盘可调式膝关节支具。早期指导正确的功能锻炼。结果24例患者切口均一期愈合,无感染及神经血管损伤发生,随访时间6-36个月,平均18个月。术后关节稳定,采用Lysholm评分评定膝关节功能,术前Lysholm评分为42-61分,平均52分,术后为72-95分,平均86分,优良率90．1％。结论术后早期加强患肢体位、切口、疼痛管理,正确指导病人掌握正确佩戴支具方法和有计划的功能锻炼,是确保手术成功以及膝关节功能恢复的重要保证。     

关节镜下自体肌腱及同种异体肌腱重建膝关节前后交叉韧带

背景：自体肌腱移植重建膝关节前后交叉韧带已广泛应用,但是供区容易出现并发症,同种异体肌腱移植越来越多应用于重建膝关节前后交叉韧带,是一种重要的替代材料。 目的：比较关节镜下自体肌腱及同种异体肌腱移植重建膝关节前后交叉韧带的临床疗效差异。 方法：40 例前后交叉韧带损伤患者分为2组：自体肌腱组为自体半腱肌及股薄肌重建膝关节前后交叉韧带,异体肌腱组为应用由山西骨组织库提供的同种异体肌腱重建膝关节前后交叉韧带。 结果与结论：全部病例均获得6个月以上随访,最长随访时间36个月。重建前后两组大腿周径患健侧差值、Lachman 试验、中立位前抽屉试验(ADT)和国际膝关节评分委员会(IKDC)、Lysholm 及Tegner 评分差异均有显著性意义(P < 0.01),两组间术后各项指标差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。结果表明,自体肌腱与单纯深低温冷冻同种异体肌腱移植在重建膝关节前后交叉韧带疗效无明显差异。     

关节镜下 Endobutton 系统固定腘绳肌腱解剖重建膝前交叉韧带21例临床分析

目的:探讨关节镜下 Endobutton 系统配合可吸收界面螺钉固定股薄、半腱肌腱解剖重建膝前交叉韧带的治疗效果.方法:2009年6月~2012年3月关节镜下 Endobutton 系统固定股薄、半腱肌腱单束解剖重建膝前交叉韧带21例.采用 Lysholm 关节评分评价疗效.结果:21例患者全部得到随访,随访时间3~18个月,平均9个月. Lysholm 评分从术前51分提高到术后的91分. lachman Test 和前抽屉试验术前21例均为阳性,术后19例阴性、2例弱阳性.结论:关节镜下 Endobutton 系统配合可吸收界面螺钉固定股薄、半腱肌腱解剖重建膝前交叉韧带,临床疗效确切,创伤小,手术时间短,并发症少,康复快,是一种疗效可靠的手术治疗方法.     

自体四股腘绳肌腱Rigidfix和Intrafix固定重建前交叉韧带

背景：以自体腘绳肌腱rigidfix、Intrafix固定重建前交叉韧带是现在较流行的手术方式,但缺乏中长期临床疗效的评价。 目的：评估股骨端应用Rigidfix、胫骨端应用Intrafix固定自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带的中期临床疗效。 方法：对39例前交叉韧带损伤患者在关节镜下行自体4股腘绳肌腱Rigidfix和Intrafix固定重建前交叉韧带,进行2年以上中期随访,并应用Lyshlom、IKDC、Tegner评分对治疗后临床疗效进行系统的评价。 结果与结论：经过至少2年的随访发现应用Rigidfix和Intrafix内固定患者在IKDC、Lysholm评分明显高于治疗前(P < 0.01)。证实在关节镜下应用自体4股腘绳肌腱Rigidfix和Intrafix重建前交叉韧带具有良好的中期临床疗效,但若大规模的使用,目前尚缺乏长期的临床随访结果。     

六股自体腘绳肌腱“人”字形编织重建膝关节前交叉韧带

背景：目前不同学者对膝关节损伤前交叉韧带重建方法存较多争论,因此寻找简便、经济的修复方法是目前该领域的研究热点。 目的：观察关节镜下应用6股自体腘绳肌腱“人”字形编织重建修复前交叉韧带损伤的临床疗效。 方法：对19例单侧前交叉韧带功能不全的患者采用6股自体腘绳肌腱人字形编织,胫骨隧道钻取双隧道模拟前内、后外两束重建膝关节前交叉韧带,于重建前后利用IKDC分级,Lysholm功能评分和KT-2000TM关节动度仪测试试验,对患者进行主观和客观评分,并应用IKDC分级进行影像学评估。 结果：19例患者随访的IKDC分级：A级8例、B级10例、C级1例,无伸膝受限,活动范围120°~140°,平均126°。KT-2000TM膝关节稳定性测量在90.7 kg,136.1 kg和最大拉力时,患膝和健膝之间的关节活动度差异均无显著性意义 (P > 0.05)。随访时Lysholm膝关节功能评分显著高于重建前(P < 0.01)。影像学IKDC评估为：A级15例(79%),B级3例(16%),C级1例(5%)。结果证实,应用6股自体腘绳肌腱“人”字形编织双束重建前交叉韧带短期临床疗效良好。     

Factors affecting knee laxity following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using a hamstring tendon

Background

The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation between the pre-operative and intraoperative factors that predict postoperative knee laxity following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using a hamstring tendon.

腓骨长肌腱和腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带的系统评价

背景:近年报道,腓骨长肌腱可作为重建前交叉韧带新的移植材料,且能取得与腘绳肌腱同等效果,有必要对这2种重建前交叉韧带的移植材料进行系统评价。目的:采用Meta分析方法评价腓骨长肌腱和腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带的临床疗效。方法:采用中英文分别在中文数据库(万方医学、中国知网、维普医药、中国生物医学)、英文数据库(Ovid、Pub Med、Web of Science、Embase、Cochrane library)检索腓骨长肌腱和腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带的临床对照试验,检索时限从自建库至2019年3月,并由2名评价员通过筛选文献、文献评价、提取数据,并在Revman5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果与结论:(1)通过制定的检索式共检索出中英文文献413篇,最终符合纳入标准10篇,包括647例重建前交叉韧带患者,其中271例使用腓骨长肌腱重建,376例采用腘绳肌腱重建;(2)Meta分析显示:腓骨长肌腱组术后12个月的Lysholm评分、术后6个月的IKDC评分高于腘绳肌腱组(MD=1.23,95%CI[0.31,2.51],P=0.0009;MD=3.19,95%CI[0.07,6.31],P=0.02),术后并发症发生率低于腘绳肌腱组(OR=0.15,95%CI[0.03,0.69],P=0.01);两组术后6,12个月的Tegner评分、关节活动度、关节松弛程度,以及术后6个月的Lysholm评分、术后12个月的IKDC评分比较差异均无显著性意义(P> 0.05);(3)结果表明,腓骨长肌腱重建前交叉韧带的临床效果与腘绳肌腱相当,术后12个月的Lysholm评分、术后6个月的IKDC评分优于腘绳肌腱组,并且可减少术后并发症。临床上可推荐腓骨长肌腱代替腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带,但是纳入文献质量限制,需要更高级别的证据。     

Strength recovery after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with quadriceps tendon versus hamstring tendon autografts in soccer players: A randomized controlled trial

Background

The comparison between HT and QT grafts in strength recovery and function after an ACLR is scarce in the literature.

关节镜下LARS人工韧带与自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带临床疗效比较的meta分析

目的:系统评价关节镜下LARS人工韧带与自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带在疼痛的控制和膝关节功能恢复等方面的有效性和安全性.方法:采用计算机和手工检索PubMed,The Cochrane Library,EMBASE,中国知网(CNKI),维普数据库(VIP)和万方数据库,搜集关节镜下LARS人工韧带与自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带临床疗效比较的前瞻性临床对照研究文献,检索时限均为从建库至2016年8月.根据渥太华纽卡斯尔标准(Newcastle-Ottawa Scale,NOS)评估纳入的研究方法学质量,采用RevMan S.3软件进行meta分析.结果:共纳入8项前瞻性临床对照研究,371例前交叉韧带损伤患者.meta分析结果显示:LARS人工韧带移植组与自体肌腱移植组术后6个月Lysholm评分,MD=12.46,95％CI:12.46～15.74,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001);术后6个月滕纳尔(Tegner)评分,MD=1.72,95％CI:1.45～1.99,P＜0.001,差异有统计学意义;术后12个月Lysholm评分,MD=4.31,95％CI:-0.70～9.32,差异无统计学意义(P=0.09);术后12个月Tegner评分,MD=0.52,95％CI:-0.21～1.24,差异无统计学意义(P=0.16).结论:在术后6个月时LARS人工韧带移植较自体腘绳肌腱移植进行前交叉韧带重建的效果更好;在术后12个月时,LARS人工韧带移植与自体腘绳肌腱移植进行前交叉韧带重建的疗效相当.     

The natural history of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using patellar tendon autograft

The purpose of this study was to review the results of ACL reconstruction using a patellar tendon graft placed ‘over the top’ plus a Macintosh lateral tenodesis, examining changes in knee laxity and functional status with increasing time. There were 74 patients operated on over an 11 year period, and divided into four groups for analysis according to postoperative time. There was a significant and progressive increase in side-to-side laxity difference with time, although functional status did not change significantly, indicating a lack of correlation between objective clinical tests and subjective findings. The highest Lysholm, Tegner and IKDC scores were at 4–5 years after operation, when 60% of patients were at their pre-injury level of sports activity. However, there was always a very significant difference between actual and desired Tegner activity levels for the group as a whole. While there was a significant correlation between degenerative changes and the time between injury and reconstruction, there was no correlation with postoperative time: this provides evidence that ACL reconstruction can protect the knee from later degeneration.     

Viscoelastic and failure properties of two configurations of triple-folded hamstring tendons used for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction

BackgroundHamstring autografts are commonly used for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Different folding techniques exist in tripling the semitendinosus. Few anatomical studies exist in evaluating their viscoelastic properties. The purpose of this study was to characterize and compare the viscoelastic and failure properties of two hamstring graft configurations, the “Z” construct and “2” construct.MethodsTen matched pairs of fresh-frozen cadaveric semitendinosus hamstring grafts were used to create the “2” configuration or “Z” configuration. The biomechanical testing consisted of four phases: preconditioning, where graft dimensions (mm) were measured; stress relaxation, where load, displacement and time data were collected and equilibrium relaxation (%) was calculated; dynamic creep, where the total construct elongation was calculated; and ramp-to-failure, where maximum failure load was recorded.ResultsThe “2” configuration demonstrated recorded forces (N) significantly greater at each time point when compared to the “Z” configuration during stress relaxation (p = 0.003). The “2” configuration exhibited significantly less construct elongation (mm) during dynamic creep at 10 cycles (p = 0.008) and 2000 cycles (p = 0.0001). The maximum measured load at failure was significantly greater in the “2” configuration constructs than “Z” configuration (p = 0.013). Moreover, the axial loads at 2, 3 and 4 mm of displacement were, on average, greater in the “2” configuration than “Z” configuration (p = 0.152; p = 0.080; p = 0.012), respectively.ConclusionThe results of this study provide support for folding techniques for tripled grafts to provide higher viscoelastic and failure properties for techniques with less suture interfaces. Future studies can potentially evaluate the clinical significance of these findings.     

Biomechanical testing of hybrid hamstring graft tibial fixation in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Hamstring tendon using quadrupled semitendinosus and gracilis autografts is a well-established technique for ACL reconstruction. However, several methods have been used for tibial fixation of the tendon graft. The purpose of this study was to compare the biomechanical characteristics of quadrupled hamstring graft tibial fixation using three different fixation methods. Nine matched pairs (18 specimens) of cadaver tibias were divided into three groups of six specimens. The first group was fixed with only a tapered 30-mm bioabsorbable screw (BIS), the second group was fixed first with a BIS and then the remaining tendon portion was additionally fixed with a titanium cortical screw and spike washer, and the third group was fixed with only a cortical screw and spike washer. A custom-made probe hook was mounted on a load cell (Interface, MFG, Scottsdale, AZ) to measure the ACL tension before and after the final tibial fixation. Group 2 displayed greater mean maximum load at failure than both groups 1 and 3 (p < 0.05). The stiffness of the graft nearly doubled in group 2 compared to groups 1 and 3 (p < 0.05). All specimens failed by slippage and pullout. Biomechanical testing with cadavers showed that a BIS and additional cortical screw and spike washer fixation to the distal hamstring tendon resulted in higher load at failure and stiffness compared to either BIS or cortical screw and spike washer fixation alone.     

Effects of pre-operative knee laxity on clinical outcomes after partial anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Background

The effects of retaining residual bundles on surgical outcomes has not been observed, so we evaluated the effects of preoperative knee laxity on clinical outcomes after partial anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction for partial ACL rupture in this study.

Pseudoaneurysm of the medial inferior genicular artery following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstring tendon autograft

Vascular injuries associated with arthroscopic surgery of the knee are uncommon. Pseudoaneurysm of the medial inferior genicular artery after hamstring tendon ACL reconstruction has not been reported yet. Diagnosis can be obtained clinically if continuous filling of the drain, hard and painful swelling of the lower leg, pulsatile swelling or mass in the region of the affected joint, are present. Definitive confirmation of the diagnosis can be achieved by sonography and angiography. The method of treatment consists of simple surgical wound exploration and ligation of the affected vessel.