微型腹腔镜胆囊切除术临床疗效观察

目的 通过随机对照方法比较微型腹腔镜胆囊切除术(MLC)与传统腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)的临床疗效.方法 将拟行LC的57例患者用随机数字表法分为传统腹腔镜胆囊切除术组(30例)和微型腹腔镜胆囊切除术组(27例).对比其手术时间、出血量、VAS评分、术后住院天数、并发症.结果 两组患者均无中转开腹及严重并发症出现,但各有6例从三孔L增加至四孔L,且MLC组中有4例转为传统LC.MLC组和LC组手术时间平均(57.5 ±17) min和(50±15) min(P＞0.05);术后平均住院时间为(2.5±1.4)d和(3.1 ±1.5) d(P＞0.05);术后疼痛程度MLC组6h和12 h分别为(4.8±2.6)分和(3.5±1.1)分,LC组分别为(5.5±2.7)分和(5.0±2.1)分(P＜0.05).结论 MLC术后疼痛较LC更轻,对适合的病例,是一种安全有效的治疗方式.     

三孔法微型腹腔镜在胆囊切除术中的应用

目的　探讨三孔法微型腹腔镜在胆囊切除术中的临床应用价值。　方法　 90例慢性结石性胆囊炎和胆囊息肉样病变随机分成两组 ,分别进行三孔法微型腹腔镜下胆囊切除术 (Mini-laparoscop iccholecystectomy ,MLC)和常规孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术 (Laparoscopiccholecystectomly,LC)。比较两组的中转率、手术时间、术后 6小时疼痛程度和并发症。　结果　两组均无并发症发生。MLC组中 2例因操作困难 ,中转LC。MLC组与LC组手术时间分别为 (5 4 8± 11 3)min和 (5 1 0± 11 0 )min ,(t =1 6 1,P >0 0 5 ) ;术后疼痛程度分别为 (2 0± 0 7)分和 (2 5± 0 8)分 ,(t=- 3 0 2 ,P <0 0 1)。　结论　在熟练掌握LC的基础上 ,开展MLC是安全、有效的。     

微型腹腔镜行胆囊切除术的临床应用价值

目的:探讨微型腹腔镜行胆囊切除(MLC)术的难度及对患者的影响。方法:随机把60例胆囊结石、慢性胆囊炎、胆囊息肉患者分为腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)组和微型腹腔镜胆囊切除术(MLC)组各30例。对比其手术时间、术后疼痛程度及术后住院天数。结果:MLC组手术时间平均75±23min,术后平均住院3.5±1.6d,用视觉模拟评分法测定疼痛程度,术后8h和24h分别为8.8±5.6分和4.0±3.0分。LC组手术时间平均70±15min,术后平均住院4.6±2.5d。术后8h和24h疼痛程度分别为30.5±10.7和11.5±6.6。结论:MLC的切口疼痛程度显著低于LC(P<0.05),更有效地减少了患者痛苦,体现了微创优势,腹壁外观改善。MLC难度不比LC大。     

改良二孔法与三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术的对比研究

目的 比较改良二孔法与三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术的疗效.方法 回顾性分析200例LC患者的临床资料,其中100例行改良二孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术(简称二孔法组),100例行三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术(简称三孔法组),对比分析两组手术时间、中转率、术后6h疼痛程度、术后住院时间以及并发症.结果 两组均无并发症发生,二孔法组与三孔法组手术时间分别为(45.3±11.2)min和(41.1±10.8)min(P＞0.05),中转开腹手术率分别为3%和2%(P＞0.05),术后6h疼痛程度分别为(1.9±0.5)分和(2.5±0.7)分(P＜0.05),住院时间分别为(2.6±1.3)d和(3.8±1.7)d(P＜0.05).结论 改良二孔法与三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术一样安全有效,且具有创伤更小、疼痛更轻、住院时间更短等优点.     

再论改良腹腔镜胆囊切除后标本的取出

<正> 1987年Phillipe Mouret首次在人身上完成了腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC),它标志着一个新的外科时代的来临,为广大外科医生接受和肯定,并以惊人的速度在世界范围内推广。90年代初,国外在LC的基础上又推出了微型内镜胆囊切除术(MicroEndoscopic Cholecystectomy,简称MEC)。由于经济和技术上的原因并未象LC那样受到欢迎,但确给人们提供了一改革的启示,一系列的改良腹腔镜胆囊切除术(Modified Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy,简称MLC)相继产生,并取得了满意的临床效果。对此,笔者就MLC术后标本如何取出谈几点肤浅的认识,供同道们参考。     

二孔技术在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的临床应用

目的探讨二孔技术在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中使用的临床意义,寻求更具微创意义的腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)新术式。方法2006年1~4月对62例病人实行二孔技术腹腔镜胆囊切除术。结果成功56例,改三孔技术2例,四孔技术3例,中转1例。无手术并发症。结论二孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术是安全有效、简便实用的微创技术。     

针式二孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床应用

目的:探讨针式腹腔镜器械在二孔法腹腔镜手术中的应用。方法:回顾分析2007年6月至2008年12月我院采用针式腹腔镜器械施行二孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)200例患者的临床资料。结果:200例均顺利完成手术,其中3例改行三孔法LC,5例针式器械改普通5mm器械,无手术并发症发生。结论:针式腹腔镜器械行二孔法LC安全可靠,创伤更小。     

两孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床应用

目的:寻求更具有微创意义的腹腔镜胆囊切除的新术式。方法:回顾分析为452例患者行两孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)的临床资料。结果:428例成功完成两孔法LC,21例改为三孔法,3例改为四孔法,无一例中转开腹及手术并发症发生。结论:采用两孔技术行LC安全可行,具有更微创的优点。     

三孔法腹腔镜联合胆道镜保胆取石术治疗胆囊结石

目的:探讨三孔法腹腔镜联合胆道镜微创保胆取石术的临床疗效.方法:在2011年1月-2012年1月确诊为胆囊结石的患者中选取行腹腔镜保胆取石术患者(保胆取石组)和腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者(LC组)及开腹胆囊切除术患者(开腹组)各45例作为研究对象,比较三组之间手术时间、术中出血量、术后排气时间、下床活动时间、住院时间的差异.结果:保胆取石组在术中出血量、术后排气时间、下床活动时间、术后住院时间上明显优于LC组和开腹组(p＜0.05),LC组优于开腹组(P＜0.05);手术时间方面,保胆取石组和LC组比开腹组短(p＜0.05).结论:相比LC术和开腹胆囊切除术治疗胆囊结石,腹腔镜微创保胆取石术具有疗效好,患者创伤小、恢复快、住院时间短等优点.     

经脐单孔腹腔镜下胆囊切除术的临床可行性研究

目的:探讨经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床可行性。方法:回顾性分析包头医学院第一附属医院普通外科2012年8月—2013年10月期间85例胆囊结石、胆囊息肉行腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者资料,其中41例行经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术(单孔组),44例行传统三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术(三孔组),比较两组的相关临床指标。结果:腹腔镜手术均获成功,无中转开腹;单孔组手术时间明显长于传统组的[(31.73±4.22)min vs.(15.43±1.81)min,P=0.000];两组术中出血量、术后住院时间、住院费用、切口感染率差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05);单孔组术后应用镇痛药物比例明显低于三孔组(7.32%vs.34.09%,P=0.003);两组术后均无胆瘘及其他严重并发症。结论:单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术与传统三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术的治疗效果相同,但单孔腹腔镜手术在微创方面更具有优越性。     

Minilaparoscopic and laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a comparative study

HYPOTHESES: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of the minilaparoscopic cholecystectomy (MLC) and to compare the clinical benefits experienced by patients who undergo MLC with those who undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) or 5-mm laparoscopic cholecystectomy (5-mm LC). DESIGN: Prospective consecutive study. SETTING: A tertiary referral center. PATIENTS: From September 1, 2000, through June 30, 2001, 90 patients with symptomatic gallstones were randomized to undergo 1 of these 3 procedures. INTERVENTION: Minilaparoscopic cholecystectomy, LC, and 5-mm LC. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Duration of surgery, loss of blood, length of hospital stay, resumption of solid food intake, quantity of analgesic dosage administered, development of complications, degree of pain at ports 24 and 48 hours after surgery, and overall cosmetic result. RESULTS: Subsequent to excluding 6 patients who were converted to LC, there were 30 patients in the LC group, 29 patients in the 5-mm LC group, and 25 patients in the MLC group. The MLC necessitated a longer time to complete the procedure than was the case for the other 2 procedures. There was no notable difference in the mean dosage of the meperidine hydrochloride (Pethidine) administered between the LC and MLC groups, but an apparent increase in the analgesia requirements for the 5-mm LC group was noted when compared with those of the other 2 groups. There was no remarkable difference in terms of blood loss, resumption of solid food intake, hospital stay subsequent to surgery, or surgical-related complication between these 3 groups. The MLC group did have a lower pain score in the subxyphoid port only at 24 hours after surgery compared with the other 2 groups. The cosmetic results were evaluated and no notable difference was noted at 1 week, 1 month, and 6 months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Although this study has demonstrated the feasibility and safety of the MLC, it does require a longer surgical time and reflects a reasonably high possibility for the conversion to LC. Furthermore, the MLC did not provide any notable clinical benefit for the tested patients compared with those patients in the LC group. We concluded that there is no reason for the MLC to become the universally accepted mode of treatment for symptomatic gallstones before further improvements are made in the technique and instrumentation.     

Early minilaparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with acute cholecystitis

BACKGROUND: Recently, techniques using fine-caliber instruments (2 or 3 mm in diameter) for laparoscopic cholecystectomy, called minilaparoscopic cholecystectomy (MLC), were reported to be superior to conventional LC (CLC, using 5 mm instruments) in postoperative course and cosmetic outcome. However, the use of MLC to date has been largely restricted to uncomplicated situations. Since CLC has been proved to be a safe and efficient technique for acute cholecystitis especially if conducted early, this study tests the feasibility and safety of MLC for acute cholecystitis. METHODS: Sixty-nine consecutive patients with acute cholecystitis were prospectively randomized to minilaparoscopic (n = 38) or conventional laparoscopic (n = 31) cholecystectomy, and the operations were conducted within 2 days of admission whenever possible. Despite different operative techniques, both groups of patients received identical preoperative preparation, evaluation and postoperative care. The two groups were compared for patient characteristics, results of laboratory tests, predictive score for LC difficulties, operative time, operative complications, hospitalization days and need for meperidine injection for wound pain. RESULTS: The conversion rate was 7.9% (3 of 38) for the MLC group and 6.5% (2 of 31) for the CLC group. Nine patients in the MLC group and 7 in the CLC group had concomitant choledocholithiasis and underwent endoscopic stone retrieval before operation. The age, sex, predictive score for LC difficulties, preoperative leukocyte count, length of hospital stay and requirement of intramuscular meperidine injections were similar for both groups of patients, while, the operative times were marginally longer in the MLC group (113.8 +/- 30.8 versus 98.2 +/- 33.2 minutes, P = 0.056). No major complications occurred in either group. CONCLUSIONS: The results of cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis by MLC are as good as those of CLC if the operation is performed early, with obvious smaller incisions and minimal complications. MLC is a safe and effective procedure for patients with acute cholecystitis, and has an acceptable low conversion rate.     

Randomized clinical trial of laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed with mini-instruments

BACKGROUND: The outcomes after traditional laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC; one 10-mm port, one 12-mm port and two 5-mm ports) and minilaparoscopic cholecystectomy (MLC; three 3-mm ports and one 12-mm port) for gallstone disease were compared. METHODS: The study was a randomized, single-blind trial comparing LC with MLC. Only elective patients were eligible for inclusion. LC was a routine procedure at the institution in which the study was performed, whereas MLC was introduced after a short training period. The randomization period was from January to December 2001. RESULTS: Of 175 patients who had elective minimal access cholecystectomy during the randomization period, 135 entered the trial: 68 underwent LC and 67 underwent MLC. The groups were matched for age, sex and preoperative characteristics. Median (range) operating times for LC and MLC were similar (45 (20-120) and 50 (20-170) min respectively). Intraoperative and postoperative complication rates, the time for the patient to resume walking, eating and passing stools, and median hospital stay were the same in the two groups. The level of postoperative pain was lower in the MLC group at 1 h (P = 0.011), 3 h (P = 0.012), 6 h (P = 0.003), 12 h (P = 0.052) and 24 h (P = 0.034). Patients who had MLC received fewer injections of analgesic (P = 0.036) and more patients in this group expressed satisfaction with the cosmetic result (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: MLC took a similar time to perform and caused less postoperative pain than the standard laparoscopic procedure. Reducing the port size further enhanced the advantages of laparoscopic over open cholecystectomy.     

Mini-laparoscopic cholecystectomy vs laparoscopic cholecystectomy

BACKGROUND: We set out to assess the safety and efficacy of mini-laparoscopic cholecystectomy (MLC) in uncomplicated situations. METHODS: MLC was performed on 30 consecutive selected patients (< 60 years old, ASA I-II, uncomplicated cholecystectomy) with one 12-mm and three 3-mm ports. The total operating time, conversion rate, degree of postoperative pain, duration of postoperative hospital stay, complications, and cosmetic results were all reviewed and compared with 30 cases of consecutive conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). RESULTS: None of the patients in either group required conversion to open cholecystectomy. No complications were observed. The operating time and duration of hospital stay were similar in both groups. The level of postoperative pain was lower in the MLC group (p < 0.001). More patients in the MLC group expressed satisfaction with the cosmetic result (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: MLC was shown to be feasible in uncomplicated situations. Furthermore, it was associated with less pain and produced better cosmetic results than conventional LC. Randomized studies are still needed to confirm these findings.     

Is smaller necessarily better? A systematic review comparing the effects of minilaparoscopic and conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy on patient outcomes

Background  In recent years, minilaparoscopic cholecystectomy (MLC; total size of trocar incision <25 mm) has been increasingly advocated for the removal of the gallbladder, due to potentially better surgical outcomes (e.g., better cosmetic result, reduced pain, shorter hospital stay, quicker return to activity), but an evidence-based approach has been lacking. The current systematic review was undertaken to evaluate the importance of total size of trocar incision in improving surgical outcomes in adult laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Methods  The literature was systematically reviewed using MEDLINE and EmBASE. Only randomized controlled trials in English, investigating minilaparoscopic versus conventional LC (total size of trocar incision ≥25 mm) and reporting pain scores were included. Quantitative analyses (meta-analyses) were performed on postoperative pain scores and other patient outcomes from more than one study where feasible and appropriate. Qualitative analyses consisted of assessing the number of studies showing a significant difference between the techniques. Results  Thirteen trials met the inclusion criteria. There was a trend towards reduced pain with MLC compared with conventional LC, without reduction in opioid use. Patients in the MLC group had slightly reduced length of hospital stay, but there were no significant differences for return to activity. The two interventions were also similar in terms of operating times and adverse events, but MLC was associated with better cosmetic result (largely patient rated). There was a significantly greater likelihood of conversion to conventional LC or to open cholecystectomy in the MLC group than there was of conversion to open cholecystectomy in the conventional LC group [OR 4.71 (95% confidence interval 2.67–8.31), p < 0.00001]. Conclusions  The data included in this review suggest that reducing the size of trocar incision results in some limited improvements in surgical outcomes after LC. However, it carries a higher risk of conversion to conventional LC or open cholecystectomy.     

Predictive value of mixed leukocyte culture testing on allograft survival in unrelated dogs.

This study evaluated the mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) technique to quantitate differences in kidney allograft survival between unrelated animals. Each of five beagles received two heterotopic kidney allografts, one from a mongrel dog showing high MLC stimulation and one from a second mongrel dog showing a low MLC stimulation. Low or high stimulators were defined by the amount of radioactive thymidine incorporated by lymphocytes when the recipient was tested against a number of potential donors in one way MLC TESTS. Low and high stimulators usually differed by a factor of up to ten in the stimulation index. Recipients were given a standard treatment of asathioprine and prednisone. No special treatment was given for rejection episodes. Creatine clearances and periodic biopsies were used to determine rejection. Creatine clearances and biopsies showed the high stimulating kidneys to be rejected completely by the end of 2 weeks in all animals. All of the low stimulating kidneys maintained normal function for 3 weeks and then developed progressive deterioration and rejection over the next 3 to 6 weeks. These studies suggest that quantitation of the MLC may be predictive of kidney allograft survival in unrelated dogs.     

MINI-LAP CHOLECYSTECTOMY: A VIABLE ALTERNATIVE TO LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY FOR THE THIRD WORLD?

Background : Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) requires expensive equipment and special training. Mini–lap cholecystectomy (MLC) has no start–up costs but no large series from single centre has been reported as the procedure is considered hazardous because of inadequate exposure of the surgical field. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the outcome of 737 cholecystectomies performed through 3-5-cm transverse subcostal incision and compared the results to published series of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Results : The operating time (61.6 min; range 35–130), conversion rate (4%), rate of postoperative complications (3.6%), bile duct injuries (0.3%), number of analgesic doses required (3.4; range 3–8), duration of postoperative hospital stay (1.4; range 1–15 days), and the time off work (13.3 days; range 8–61) compare well with the reported results of laparoscopic and MLC. Ninety–three per cent of the patients were followed up for median period of 28.4 months and none developed biliary stricture. Conclusions : Mini–lap cholecystectomy is considered safe, viable alternative to LC in the Third World.     

Expression of myosin isoforms in the smooth muscle of human corpus cavernosum

The molecular interaction between smooth muscle (SM) myosin and actin in the corpus cavernosum (CC) determines the erectile state of the penis. A key mechanism regulating this interaction and subsequent development and maintenance of force is alternative splicing of SM myosin heavy chain (MHC) and 17 kDa essential SM myosin light chain (MLC) pre-mRNAs. Our aim was to examine the relative SM myosin isoform composition in human CC. Tissue samples were obtained from 18 patients with erectile dysfunction (ED), Peyronie's disease, or both. One specimen was obtained during a transgender operation. Patients then were stratified according to presence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, ED, or Peyronie's disease, as well as failure of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitors and history of previous pelvic or penile surgeries, radiation, or both. Our results revealed that all human CC samples expressed only the SM-A isoform. There was a predominance of SM2 isoform mRNA relative to SM1 across all samples, with a mean of 63.8%, which correlated with protein analysis by gel electrophoresis. A statistically significant difference was found between patients who had undergone previous pelvic surgery, radiation, or both and those who did not. The ratio of LC(17b) to LC(17a) was approximately 1:1 for all patients, with a mean of 48.9% LC(17b). Statistical difference was seen in the relative ratio of LC(17b) to LC(17a) among the group who failed conservative therapy with PDE5 inhibitors compared with all others. In conclusion, we determined the SM myosin isoform composition of human CC and present for the first time differences in relative myosin isoform expression among patients with several risk factors contributing to their cause of ED. Our data reflect the fact that alternative splicing events in the MHC and 17 kDa MLC pre-mRNA may be a possible molecular mechanism involved in the altered contractility of the CCSM in patients with ED.     

结石嵌顿性胆囊炎腹腔镜手术的临床体会

目的：探讨不同病理状态下结石嵌顿性胆囊炎腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC）的临床应用价值。方法：回顾分析1999年3月至2007年2月427例结石嵌顿性胆囊炎患者行腹腔镜手术的临床资料。结果：腹腔镜手术成功409例,成功率95．78％,中转开腹18例,中转率4．22％。术中出血1例,术后并发胆漏2例,胆道残余结石3例,切口感染3例,并发症发生率2．11％,无胆道损伤,无死亡病例。结论：LC治疗结石嵌顿性胆囊炎是安全、可行的。须严格掌握适应证、手术时机、手术技巧,适时中转手术是提高手术成功率、降低并发症的关键。