The effect of hemodialysis on visual field test in patients with chronic renal failure

PURPOSE: To investigate the visual field with FASTPAC 30-2 program before and after hemodialysis in patients with end stage renal disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty eyes of 20 patients on regular hemodialysis were included in the study group. Twenty eyes of 20 healthy patients were chosen as control group. Intraocular pressures (IOP) were measured one hour before and one hour after the same hemodialysis session, and visual field was tested at the same times. RESULTS: When IOP was compared before and after hemodialysis, no statistically significant difference was found (p > 0.05), however Mean Deviation (MD) (p = 0.008) improved after hemodialysis. When we compared first global indices of the control group with pre-hemodialysis global indices, we noted significant difference in MD (p = 0.009). CONCLUSION: Visual field testing should be done after hemodialysis in patients who are on regular hemodialysis program.     

The impact of hemodialysis on retinal circulation

In patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis were recorded and studied by various authors multiple eye damage with time. Studying the literature we conducted a study to assess the impact of intradialitic-interdialitic and postdialitic volemic game above the retinal circulation. By measuring diameters of retinal circulation after processing the digital fundus, we found that, 30 minutes after hemodialysis session takes a degree of dilatation of retinal vessels, permanent vascular insult that can be responsible for stroke and ischamic eye and coronary diseases of these patients.     

Sectoral changes of the peripapillary choroidal thickness in patients with unilateral branch retinal vein occlusion

AIM: To investigate sectoral changes in the mean peripapillary choroidal thickness (PCT) in patients with unilateral branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). METHODS: This retrospective, interventional study included 41 patients with acute, unilateral BRVO without macular edema. All patients completed at least a 6-month follow-up period. The PCT was measured at eight locations (temporal, superotemporal, superior, superonasal, nasal, inferonasal, inferior, and inferotemporal). In addition to calculating the average of all locations, the peripapillary choroidal area was divided into four sectors: superior (average of superotemporal PCT, superior PCT, and superonasal PCT), temporal, inferior (average of inferotemporal PCT, inferior PCT, and inferonasal PCT), and nasal. RESULTS: In the BRVO-affected eyes, the mean PCT was 177.7±69.8 μm (range, 70.1-396.0 μm) at baseline and 127.8±54.8 μm (range, 56.4-312.1 μm) at 6mo (P<0.001). In the non-affected contralateral eyes, the mean PCT was 192.5±60.6 μm (range, 61.4-365.0 μm) at baseline and 165.9±61.1 μm (range, 56.8-326.8 μm) at 6mo (P<0.001). In sectoral analysis, the mean PCT in each sector was significantly reduced in over 6mo in the BRVO-affected eyes (all P<0.001). In the non-affected contralateral eyes, the mean PCT was not significantly changed in any sector over the 6-month follow-up period (superior sector, P=0.143; temporal sector, P=0.825; inferior sector, P=0.192; and nasal sector, P=0.599). CONCLUSION: Sectoral analysis shows that the mean PCTs in all sectors are reduced significantly over 6mo in the BRVO-affected eyes, but not in the non-affected contralateral eyes.     

Increased choroidal blood flow and choroidal thickness in patients with hypertensive chorioretinopathy

Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology - To investigate the alterations of central choroidal thickness (CCT) and macular choroidal blood flow in patients with hypertensive...     

Corneal disease in patients with chronic renal insufficiency undergoing hemodialysis

PURPOSE: To evaluate alterations of the corneal endothelium in patients undergoing hemodialysis for renal insufficiency. METHODS: Sixty-six patients undergoing hemodialysis received a complete ophthalmologic examination. The state of the endothelium was assessed using pachymetry and specular microscopy. The group of patients undergoing dialysis was divided according to the time of dialysis, aluminum, product of calcium and phosphate in blood, and parathyroid hormone to analyze the influence of these factors. The possible presence of iron and aluminum in the aqueous humor of patients who underwent and those who did not undergo hemodialysis was also estimated. RESULTS: Patients undergoing hemodialysis did not have significant corneal edema. Cell density was significantly lower in patients undergoing dialysis than in patients not undergoing dialysis; this reduction appeared to be associated with length of dialysis and was unrelated to serum aluminum and calcium levels. Patients undergoing dialysis did not have cell polymorphism or polymegethism, although there was a tendency toward increased polymegethism with length of dialysis. Aluminum and iron were not increased in the aqueous humor of patients undergoing dialysis. CONCLUSIONS: The alteration of the endothelium that we found is not related to the elements studied. It is possibly the result of another product dissolved in the anterior chamber or to the alterations of the anterior segment that these patients are known to have.     

Analysis of choroidal thickness and vascularity in patients with unilateral polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy

Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology - This study aimed to analyze the choroidal characteristics in eyes with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV, affected eyes) and...     

Evaluation of choroidal and retinal thickness measurements using optical coherence tomography in non-diabetic haemodialysis patients

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of haemodialysis with a high ultrafiltration rate on the choroidal and retinal thickness of non-diabetic end-stage chronic renal failure (CRF) patients using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Twenty-one eyes of 21 male CRF patients aged between 46 and 80 years were included in this prospective study. Retinal and choroidal thicknesses of the patients were measured using high-resolution OCT line scans with the activated enhanced depth imaging mode before and shortly after haemodialysis. Retinal and choroidal thickness measurements were taken at the fovea and at two points that were 1,500 μm nasal and temporal to the fovea. The relationships between the haemodynamic changes, intraocular pressure (IOP) and central corneal thickness (CCT) were also evaluated. The mean choroidal thicknesses before haemodialysis at the subfoveal, temporal and nasal locations were 232.81 ± 71.92, 212.43 ± 70.50 and 182.14 ± 68.88 μm, respectively. The mean choroidal thicknesses after haemodialysis at the subfoveal, temporal and nasal locations were 210.90 ± 65.53, 195.38 ± 66.48 and 165.19 ± 66.73 μm, respectively. There were significant differences between the choroidal thicknesses before and after haemodialysis (p < 0.001 for all). The mean retinal thicknesses before haemodialysis at the foveal, temporal and nasal locations were 215.86 ± 41.06, 308.86 ± 37.73 and 338.00 ± 33.32 μm, respectively. The mean retinal thicknesses after haemodialysis at the foveal, temporal and nasal locations were 216.90 ± 39.70, 313.86 ± 32.89 and 335.29 ± 36.85 μm, respectively. There was no significant difference between the retinal thicknesses before and after haemodialysis (p > 0.05 for all). The mean CCT decreased insignificantly from 550.48 ± 17.46 to 548.10 ± 21.12 μm (p = 0.411). The mean IOP decreased significantly from 14.09 ± 2.58 to 12.54 ± 2.23 mmHg (p = 0.003), which did not correlate with the CCT [r = (?)0.134, p = 0.562]. Haemodialysis with a high ultrafiltration volume did not alter the retinal thickness but caused a significant choroidal thinning and an IOP decrease in non-diabetic end-stage CRF patients.     

慢性肾功能衰竭患者角膜内皮细胞的研究

目的 研究慢性肾功能衰竭(慢性肾衰)患者内皮细胞的变化,更好地对慢性肾衰患者进行眼病治疗及内眼手术前的评估.方法 利用非接触式角膜内皮显微镜(TOPCON SP-2000P)对96例(96只眼)慢性肾衰患者眼及96例(96只眼) 正常人眼的角膜内皮细胞形态进行比较研究.结果慢性肾衰组角膜内皮细胞密度(CD)为(2650.30±414.90)cells/m2 ,与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05,P=0.155).角膜内皮细胞面积变异系数 ( CV) 为26.36±4.68 ,角膜内皮六角形细胞比例(6A%)为(52.49±3.53)%,与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01,P<0.01). 结论 慢性肾衰组与对照组对比在角膜内皮细胞数量上的差异无统计学意义,形态结构上的差异有统计学意义,因此对慢性肾衰患者进行可能引起内皮细胞损失的眼疾治疗和手术时应选择合理的药物和相对安全的手术方式,避免角膜内皮失代偿的发生.     

Investigation of the choroidal thickness in patients with hypothyroidism

Purpose:

The effect of hypothyroidism on the choroidal thickness (CT) was investigated in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and overt hypothyroidism, and biochemically and clinically euthyroid patients receiving levothyroxine treatment. The patients were compared with healthy subjects.

Materials and Methods:

One eye of 71 hypothyroid and 22 healthy subjects between 20 and 40 years of age were included in this study. CT measurements were taken at the fovea and at 2 points that were 1500 μm nasal and temporal to the fovea using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Independent sample t-test''s and was used for statistical analysis of the data.

Results:

The CT was significantly thicker in hypothyroid patients compared to healthy subjects (P values were 0.013 for subfoveal, 0.015 for temporal and 0.020 for nasal segments). The intraocular pressure (IOP) and body mass index (BMI) were also significantly higher in hypothyroid patients (P values were 0.021 and 0.003, respectively). There was not a statistically significant difference in the BMI and IOP measurements between healthy subjects and euthyroid patients (P > 0.05). However, there was a statistically significant difference in the subfoveal, temporal and nasal CT measurements between healthy subjects and euthyroid patients (P values were 0.006, 0.031 and 0.013, respectively).

Conclusions:

All subgroups of hypothyroid patients had thicker CT compared to healthy subjects. Euthyroid patients receiving levothyroxine treatment had lower IOP, BMI levels, and serum lipid levels than patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and overt hypothyroidism.     

Aqueous humor inflammatory cytokine levels and choroidal thickness in patients with macular edema associated with branch retinal vein occlusion

International Ophthalmology - We aimed to investigate the association between subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT) and the level of aqueous humor (AH) inflammatory cytokines in patients with macular...     

糖尿病患者脉络膜厚度的相关研究进展

近年来,随着频域光学相干断层深度增强成像技术的出现,关于糖尿病脉络膜病变的研究主要集中在探讨脉络膜厚度及其影响因素方面。与传统时域光学相干断层扫描相比,频域光学相干断层深度增强成像技术显示出更多优势,能够在体观察和随访糖尿病患者脉络膜的细微结构改变,并可以进行定量分析。随着深度增强成像技术分辨率的提高,在未来还可以对脉络膜细微结构的变化进行定性观察,从而加深对糖尿病眼底病变形成机制的认识。     

中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变患者脉络膜毛细血管扩张和中心凹下脉络膜厚度关系的研究

目的 探讨中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变患者脉络膜毛细血管扩张和黄斑中心凹下脉络膜厚度的关系.方法 选取2015年2月至2016年4月我院收治的中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变患者84例(84眼),依据荧光素眼底血管造影检查结果分为3组:轻度组(注射后9 ～ 10 min渗漏)26例,中度组(注射后5～8 min渗漏)37例,重度组(注射后5 min内渗漏)21例,利用OCTA技术确定脉络膜毛细血管扩张程度,利用EDI-OCT测量3组患者以及脉络膜毛细血管不同扩张程度下患者的黄斑中心凹下脉络膜厚度,并进行相关性分析.结果 轻度、中度、重度患者的脉络膜毛细血管重度扩张比例依次升高(7.69％、13.52％、23.81％),黄斑中心凹下脉络膜厚度依次增加,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).脉络膜毛细血管轻度、中度、重度扩张患者的黄斑中心凹下脉络膜厚度分别为(306.59±74.18)μm、(367.21±85.04) μm、(416.27±104.56) μm,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变患者患侧脉络膜毛细血管扩张程度与黄斑中心凹下脉络膜厚度明显正相关(r =0.812,P=0.037).结论 随着病情的加重,中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变患者脉络膜毛细血管扩张程度和黄斑中心凹下脉络膜厚度明显增加,且二者存在明显的正相关关系.     

Effect of hemodialysis (HD) on intraocular pressure, ocular surface, and macular change in patients with chronic renal failure

Background

The main objective of hemodialysis (HD) is to correct the excessive accumulation and abnormal distribution of body fluid. Therefore, changes in the systemic hemodynamic parameters and in the ocular fluid volume and composition can occur during a single HD session. The aim of this study is to evaluate the short-term changes in the ophthalmologic findings after HD.

Methods

Thirty eyes of 30 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) undergoing HD were analyzed. The subjects were categorized into two groups according to the cause of CRF. Detailed ophthalmologic examinations were performed immediately before and after HD. The relationships between the systemic hemodynamic changes and the ophthalmologic changes during a single HD session were evaluated.

Results

The results show that a body fluid correction after HD involves a change in the plasma colloid osmotic pressure. The mean intraocular pressure (IOP) decreased after HD with a mean decrease of 2.4?±?2.1 mmHg and the central corneal thickness decreased with a mean change of 6.9?±?5.4 μm. After HD, the ocular surface changed significantly; the tear break-up time (TBUT) and basal tear secretion (Schirmer's test) decreased, whereas the keratoepitheliopathy score increased. The macular thickness measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) decreased after HD. The mean decrease in the central subfield thickness was 7.4?±?9.9 μm. The ocular surface changes after HD affected the visual acuity and examination quality. A significant correlation was found between the changes in the systemic hemodynamic parameters and those in the ophthalmologic findings, except for the retinal thickness.

Conclusions

The changes in the ophthalmologic findings after HD were consistent and significant in all CRF subjects. These changes correlated with the increase in plasma colloid osmotic pressure. HD can correct the volume and composition of ocular fluid. Therefore, it can affect the ophthalmologic findings in a short period of time. In addition, for good examination quality, it is recommended that an ophthalmologic examination in CRF patients be performed on a non-dialysis day or prior to HD on a dialysis day. Furthermore, for accurate comparison of examination results, the time interval from an HD session to an ophthalmologic examination must be considered.     

慢性丙型肝炎患者干扰素治疗前后黄斑中心凹下脉络膜厚度的研究

目的 利用相干光断层扫描仪深度增强成像（EDI-OCT）模式分析慢性丙型肝炎干扰素治疗前后脉络膜厚度的变化。设计 回顾性病例系列。 研究对象 北京地坛医院干扰素治疗的平均年龄（43.7±10.5）岁的HCV患者11例（22眼）。方法 在接受干扰素治疗前及治疗后3个月行矫正视力、眼压、裂隙灯显微镜、散瞳间接检眼镜、眼底彩色照相及用海德堡SPECTRALIS-OCT深度增强成像模式检查。主要指标 黄斑中心凹下脉络膜厚度（SFCT）。结果 11例患者中6例9眼出现干扰素相关性视网膜病变。22眼治疗前SFCT（317.6±78.8）μm和治疗后（280.1±77.1）μm有明显统计学差异（P=0.000）。出现视网膜病变的眼（9眼）与未出现视网膜病变的眼（13眼）干扰素治疗后SFCT分别为（320.5±82.4）μm和（252.1±61.7）μm（P=0.053）。结论 慢性丙型肝炎患者干扰素治疗后SFCT有变薄的趋势。（眼科, 2014, 23： 240-243）     

Limbal and corneal calcification in patients with chronic renal failure.

In patients with chronic renal failure on regular dialysis treatment, limboconjunctival degenerations and calcifications are commonly observed. In this study three groups of patients were followed over a period of 6 years. The first group consisted of 47 patients with renal failure, the second group of 17 patients with renal failure and hyperparathyroidism not controlled by drugs, and the third group seven patients with primary hyperparathyroidism without renal failure. The aim of this study was to determine the progression of the limboconjunctival changes over time. The hypothesis that an increase in serum calcium and phosphorus concentrations, as a result of tertiary hyperparathyroidism, could possibly add a corneal component to the limbal calcification was also tested. All patients with renal failure (in as much as the degenerative limbal features were not obscured by deposits of lime salts), had a type II white limbus girdle of Vogt. This limbal degeneration was observed in only 45% of controls. In all 47 patients with renal failure conjunctival calcification was observed; 26 of them also had limbal calcification. After 6 years 41 patients had developed limbal calcification. This progression was statistically significant. In 15 out of 17 patients with tertiary hyperparathyroidism a band-shaped keratopathy developed in addition to the limboconjunctival calcification.