Acute severe asthma

Acute exacerbations of asthma are very common reasons for a presentation to emergency departments. This paper focuses on defining the high‐risk group, consideration of the concept of phenotypes of acute asthma, the assessment of severe and life‐threatening exacerbations and an emphasis on the management of the more severe end of the exacerbation severity. A number of evidence‐based guidelines exist throughout the world and are all slightly different. This reflects the poor evidence base for some of those recommendations. Thus, a large variation of treatment drugs, doses and regimen are used and clearly not standardised. This paper aims to present a summary of the best evidence and discuss some of these controversies. The most important aspect of treating an exacerbation of acute asthma is to review regularly and assess response to treatment. Severe and life‐threatening episodes should be treated with early use of intravenous treatment in a stepwise manner following the local guidelines. Non‐invasive ventilation and high flow nasal cannulae delivery of oxygen in the emergency department are evolving modalities, but evidence for their use is currently limited.     

Sudden severe hypoxemia: a cause of severe fainting attacks in infants

Six infants with life-threatening fainting fits are reported; five had bronchopulmonary dysplasia and one Pierre Robin anomaly. Clinically unsuspected episodes of hypoxaemia, related to an underlying respiratory pathology, appear to be the origin of these fits.     

重症感染的识别

重症感染是PICU最常见危重症,其病原包括细菌、病毒、真菌及寄生虫等.近十几年来,尽管临床监护技术及支持手段的不断进步,重症感染患儿的病死率仍高达10%.大量循证医学研究显示早期诊断及早期治疗能明显改善预后[1].因而,及早识别重症感染患儿是儿科医师日常工作的重要内容.     

重症感染的识别

重症感染是PICU最常见危重症,其病原包括细菌、病毒、真菌及寄生虫等.近十几年来,尽管临床监护技术及支持手段的不断进步,重症感染患儿的病死率仍高达10%.大量循证医学研究显示早期诊断及早期治疗能明显改善预后[1].因而,及早识别重症感染患儿是儿科医师日常工作的重要内容.     

重症感染的识别

重症感染是PICU最常见危重症,其病原包括细菌、病毒、真菌及寄生虫等.近十几年来,尽管临床监护技术及支持手段的不断进步,重症感染患儿的病死率仍高达10%.大量循证医学研究显示早期诊断及早期治疗能明显改善预后[1].因而,及早识别重症感染患儿是儿科医师日常工作的重要内容.     

重症感染的识别

重症感染是PICU最常见危重症,其病原包括细菌、病毒、真菌及寄生虫等.近十几年来,尽管临床监护技术及支持手段的不断进步,重症感染患儿的病死率仍高达10%.大量循证医学研究显示早期诊断及早期治疗能明显改善预后[1].因而,及早识别重症感染患儿是儿科医师日常工作的重要内容.     

重症感染的识别

重症感染是PICU最常见危重症,其病原包括细菌、病毒、真菌及寄生虫等.近十几年来,尽管临床监护技术及支持手段的不断进步,重症感染患儿的病死率仍高达10%.大量循证医学研究显示早期诊断及早期治疗能明显改善预后[1].因而,及早识别重症感染患儿是儿科医师日常工作的重要内容.     

重症感染的识别

重症感染是PICU最常见危重症,其病原包括细菌、病毒、真菌及寄生虫等.近十几年来,尽管临床监护技术及支持手段的不断进步,重症感染患儿的病死率仍高达10%.大量循证医学研究显示早期诊断及早期治疗能明显改善预后[1].因而,及早识别重症感染患儿是儿科医师日常工作的重要内容.     

重症感染的识别

重症感染是PICU最常见危重症,其病原包括细菌、病毒、真菌及寄生虫等.近十几年来,尽管临床监护技术及支持手段的不断进步,重症感染患儿的病死率仍高达10%.大量循证医学研究显示早期诊断及早期治疗能明显改善预后[1].因而,及早识别重症感染患儿是儿科医师日常工作的重要内容.     

重症感染的识别

重症感染是PICU最常见危重症,其病原包括细菌、病毒、真菌及寄生虫等.近十几年来,尽管临床监护技术及支持手段的不断进步,重症感染患儿的病死率仍高达10%.大量循证医学研究显示早期诊断及早期治疗能明显改善预后[1].因而,及早识别重症感染患儿是儿科医师日常工作的重要内容.     

Management of severe malaria

Prompt diagnosis and early institution of therapy is an important determinant of outcome in severe falciparum malaria. Thick smears are the gold standard for diagnosis; in situations where reliable microscopy is not available, tests based on HRP-2 antigen/parasite LDH are useful. As there is widespread resistance to chloroquine in P falciparum in India, the choice for specific antimalarial therapy is between quinine and artermisinin derivatives. Randomized controlled trials have not revealed any significant benefit of the artemisinin derivatives over quinine in quinine sensitive areas. Also, if quinine is administered in the recommended way, the side effects are no greater than artemisinins. However, as the artemisinin derivatives are easier to administer, their use in severe malaria in India is increasing. It is vital that we use these drugs in a rational and judicious manner to prevent development of drug resistance. Supportive care, early diagnosis and management of complications are as essential as antimalarial therapy. The role of exchange blood transfusion in the management of severe malaria is still controversial. It may be considered in the presence of high parasites counts (> 10%) with multiorgan dysfunction if adequate quantities of safe blood are available.     

重症感染的识别

重症感染是PICU最常见危重症,其病原包括细菌、病毒、真菌及寄生虫等.近十几年来,尽管临床监护技术及支持手段的不断进步,重症感染患儿的病死率仍高达10%.大量循证医学研究显示早期诊断及早期治疗能明显改善预后[1].因而,及早识别重症感染患儿是儿科医师日常工作的重要内容.     

重症感染的识别

重症感染是PICU最常见危重症,其病原包括细菌、病毒、真菌及寄生虫等.近十几年来,尽管临床监护技术及支持手段的不断进步,重症感染患儿的病死率仍高达10%.大量循证医学研究显示早期诊断及早期治疗能明显改善预后[1].因而,及早识别重症感染患儿是儿科医师日常工作的重要内容.     

重症感染的识别

重症感染是PICU最常见危重症,其病原包括细菌、病毒、真菌及寄生虫等.近十几年来,尽管临床监护技术及支持手段的不断进步,重症感染患儿的病死率仍高达10%.大量循证医学研究显示早期诊断及早期治疗能明显改善预后[1].因而,及早识别重症感染患儿是儿科医师日常工作的重要内容.