盐酸二甲双胍HPMC骨架片的实验研究

用HPMC为骨架材料 ,用湿法制粒 ,将水溶性药物盐酸二甲双胍制成缓释骨架片 ,考察了HPMC的用量、粘度、粘合剂种类如乙醇、乙基纤维素、丙烯酸树脂等对药物体外释放速率的影响。通过正交实验设计方法进行处方筛选及实验研究制成盐酸二甲双胍缓释片。结果表明盐酸二甲双胍缓释片的体外释放行为均符合Higuchi方程 (Q =2 8.6 3t1/2 12 .6 1,r =0 .995 3) ;处方中粘合剂种类和HPMC用量对该缓释片的释药速率有显著性影响 ,而HPMC粘度对其释药速率的影响不太显著     

黄山药提取物缓释片的研制

目的制备黄山药提取物亲水凝胶骨架缓释片。方法以羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)为骨架材料制备缓释片,以体外释药试验优选处方,探讨HPMC的黏度、用量以及片剂的硬度对药物释放的影响。结果建立了高氯酸比色法测定薯蓣皂苷元含量,作为缓释片体外释放度的测定方法。该法精密度较好,RSD%为1.8%,平均回收率100.3%。制得的缓释片体外持续12 h释放药物,释药行为符合H iguchi方程,释药速率随着HPMC的黏度增大、用量增加而减慢;片剂硬度越高,释药速率越低。结论该缓释片制备工艺简单,体外缓释效果较好。     

美托拉宗缓释片的制备和释药机制的研究

目的 制备美托拉宗缓释片并探讨其释药机制。方法 从处方和工艺两个方面考察了各因素对药物释放行为的影响。在单因素考察的基础上,采用羟丙甲基纤维素（HPMC） 4000 cps作为骨架材料 HPMC 5 cps作为致孔剂,制备美托拉宗缓释片。通过正交设计,以2、4、7 h的药物释放度为评价指标,优化最佳处方。结果 HPMC的用量和比例对美托拉宗缓释片的释放影响最大。该制剂的体外释放与Ritger-Peppas方程拟合的相关性最好,释药过程为扩散和溶蚀并存。结论 美托拉宗缓释片的工艺重现性好,体外释放符合拟定的释药速率。     

盐酸文拉法辛凝胶骨架片的制备及体外释药特性研究

目的制备盐酸文拉法辛(VH)亲水凝胶骨架片,考察处方、工艺对其体外释药行为的影响,并对其释药机理进行初步分析。方法以羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)为基本骨架材料,羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)为阻滞剂,采用湿法制粒制备凝胶骨架片,通过单因素试验筛选辅料种类,利用正交设计试验优化处方,建立释放度测定方法,并通过不同方程拟合释放曲线。结果盐酸文拉法辛缓释片体外释药符合一级释药特征,药物释放主要是通过Fick扩散完成。HPMC用量和黏度、阻滞剂用量对释放速率有显著影响,填充剂、制粒方法和压片压力对释放速率的影响不显著。结论以HPMC K100M和CMC-Na为骨架材料,制备的盐酸文拉法辛缓释片具有良好的缓释效果。     

盐酸文拉法辛凝胶骨架片制备及体外释药特性研究

目的 制备盐酸文拉法辛(VH)亲水凝胶骨架片,考察处方、工艺对其体外释药行为的影响,并对其释药机理进行初步分析。方法 以羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)为基本骨架材料,羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)为阻滞剂,采用湿法制粒制备凝胶骨架片,通过单因素试验筛选辅料种类,利用正交设计试验优化处方,建立释放度测定方法,并通过不同方程拟合释放曲线。结果 盐酸文拉法辛缓释片体外释药符合一级释药特征,药物释放主要是通过Fick扩散完成。HPMC用量和黏度、阻滞剂用量对释放速率有显著影响,填充剂、制粒方法和压片压力对释放速率的影响不显著。结论 以HPMC K100M和CMC-Na为骨架材料,制备的盐酸文拉法辛缓释片具有良好的缓释效果。     

影响头孢克罗缓释片释药因素的研究

以 HPMC为缓释材料 ,采用湿法制粒制备缓释片 ,用体外释放度试验研究了缓释片的释药机理及影响因素。结果表明 ,缓释片的释放符合 Higuchi方程 ,HPMC的粘度、用量、丙烯酸树脂 号的用量、硬度对其释药速率均有明显影响     

甲硝唑缓释片的制备及其体外释药的影响因素考察

目的：提供甲硝唑缓释片的制备方法，考察影响其体外累积释放度的各种因素。方法：采用羟丙甲纤维素（HPMC）为亲水凝胶型骨架材料，以内烯酸树脂乳胶液为黏合剂及阻滞剂制备甲硝唑缓释片；考察HPMC的用量、丙烯酸树脂乳胶液用量、压片压力等因素对甲硝唑缓释片体外累积释放度的影响。结果：本实马命制备的甲硝唑缓释片体外释放度与释药时间之间符合对数州归方程，同归系数为0．9907：HPMC比例提高到10％以上时，对该品的释药速率影响不明显；丙烯酸树脂乳胶液用量对甲硝唑缓释片的释药速率有显著影响，释药速率随丙烯酸村脂乳胶液用量的增加而明显减慢，硬度在70～120N范围内时对释药速率的影响不明显。结论：本文验制备的甲硝唑缓释片持续释药达12h，不仅减少了给药次数，而且有效地减少了不良反应的发生，并降低了不良反应的严重程度。     

辛伐他汀凝胶骨架缓释片制备工艺与体外释放考察

目的：以羟丙基甲基纤维素（HPMC）为骨架材料,制备辛伐他汀亲水凝胶骨架缓释片,并考察其制备工艺、体外释放条件对药物释放的影响。方法：采用紫外分光光度法测定缓释片的体外释放度,通过Ritger-Peppas模型探讨缓释片的释放机制。结果：缓释片体外释放受到溶出仪转速的影响,转速越大,药物释放越快;制粒方法、片剂硬度与溶出装置对体外释放无显著影响。缓释片制备工艺重现性良好,12h释放度达到80％以上,其释药过程为药物扩散和骨架溶蚀的共同作用。结论：紫外分光光度法测定体外释放度简便可行。所制备的辛伐他汀缓释片释放缓慢、平稳．符合制备要求。     

茶碱缓释片的制备工艺对释放度的影响研究

目的：以乙基纤维素为骨架材料,以羟丙基甲基纤维素为致孔剂制成茶碱缓释骨架片,考察羟丙基甲基纤维素（HPMC）、乙基纤维素（EC）与茶碱缓释片释放度的关系以及制备工艺对茶碱缓释片体外释药速度的影响。方法：均匀设计实验,对茶碱缓释片进行体外释放度测定。结果：用羟丙基甲基纤维素制备的茶碱缓释片,释放度数据较稳定;调整羟丙基甲基纤维素和乙基纤维素用量配比,湿法制粒所得骨架片的释药速度比干法直接压片有所减慢;压片力的大小对释药速度也有一定的影响。结论：通过对茶碱缓释片制备工艺条件的考察,找到了适合生产的制备工艺,使药效稳定,提高了茶碱用药的安全性和有效性。     

格列吡嗪缓释片的制备及其体外释放度考察

目的制备格列吡嗪缓释片,并考察其体外释放度。方法用正交试验优选处方,以羟丙甲基纤维素为骨架材料,采用湿法制粒压片制备格列吡嗪缓释片。通过测定格列吡嗪体外释放度,进行释药机制及影响因素的研究。结果缓释片在16h内缓慢释药,其体外释药速率符合零级动力学方程：Q=0．0563t＋0．0405（r=0．9999）。结论所制备的缓释片具有良好的缓释效果。该制备工艺合理,简单易行,生产成本低。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.