定量组织速度成像对高血压患者左室心肌功能的评价

目的探讨定量组织速度成像(QTVI)评价高血压患者左室心肌功能的价值.方法于心尖四腔切面,应用QTVI获取20例正常人及66例原发高血压患者不同节段室壁的组织多普勒速度曲线,并测量以下参数不同节段心肌收缩期峰值速度(Vs)、舒张早期峰值速度(Ve)、舒张晚期峰值速度(Va);应用频谱多普勒(PW)获取二尖瓣口舒张早期血流速度峰值E及舒张晚期血流速度峰值A;于左室长轴,应用M型超声心动图获取左室射血分数(LVEF).结果1、高血压患者左室心肌Vs与LVEF呈正相关(r=0.9,P＜0.001).2、当基底部心肌Vs＞7 cm/s、中间部Vs＞5 cm/s、心尖部Vs＞3 cm/s时,判定LVEF＞50%的敏感性87%、特异性85%.3、高血压无左室肥厚时,节段性心肌Vs与血压正常组无变化,Ve/Va比值下降;当左室发生向心性肥厚时,Vs最高,Ve/Va比值倒置;左室离心性肥厚时,Ve/Va比值倒置,而与通过二尖瓣口血流多普勒频谱测定的E/A出现不一致变化.结论QTVI可以简洁、直观、准确评价心肌功能.     

定量组织速度成像对高血压患者左室心肌功能的评价

目的探讨定量组织速度成像(QTVI)评价高血压患者左室心肌功能的价值。方法于心尖四腔切面,应用QTVI获取20例正常人及66例原发高血压患者不同节段室壁的组织多普勒速度曲线,并测量以下参数:不同节段心肌收缩期峰值速度(Vs)、舒张早期峰值速度(Ve)、舒张晚期峰值速度(Va);应用频谱多普勒(PW)获取二尖瓣口舒张早期血流速度峰值E及舒张晚期血流速度峰值A;于左室长轴,应用M型超声心动图获取左室射血分数(LVEF)。结果1、高血压患者左室心肌Vs与LVEF呈正相关(r=0.9,P<0.001)。2、当基底部心肌Vs>7cm/s、中间部Vs>5cm/s、心尖部Vs>3cm/s时,判定LVEF>50%的敏感性87%、特异性85%。3、高血压无左室肥厚时,节段性心肌Vs与血压正常组无变化,Ve/Va比值下降;当左室发生向心性肥厚时,Vs最高,Ve/Va比值倒置;左室离心性肥厚时,Ve/Va比值倒置,而与通过二尖瓣口血流多普勒频谱测定的E/A出现不一致变化。结论QTVI可以简洁、直观、准确评价心肌功能。     

定量组织速度成像测量二尖瓣环运动速度评价肥厚型心肌病患者左室舒张功能

目的 :应用定量组织速度成像 (QTVI)测量二尖瓣环运动速度评价肥厚型心肌病 (HCM )患者左室舒张功能。方法 :QTVI测量 31例HCM患者 (HCM组 )和 2 0例正常人 (对照组 )二尖瓣环 6个节段 (后间隔和侧壁、前间隔和后壁、前壁和下壁 )舒张早期峰值速度 (Ve)、左房收缩期峰值速度 (Va) ,计算平均Ve、Va和Ve/Va比值。多普勒超声心动图测量二尖瓣口血流快速充盈速度E峰、左房收缩充盈速度A峰 ,计算E/A值和E与平均Ve的比值 (E/Ve)。结果 :HCM患者平均Ve和Ve/Va较对照组明显减低 [(Ve:(3.6 4± 1.4 1)cm/s∶(8.2 1±1.6 9)cm/s,P <0 .0 1;Ve/Va:(0 .92± 0 .5 1)∶(1.5 7± 0 .5 0 ) ,P <0 .0 1;E和E/A较对照组减低 [E :(74 .73±2 6 .5 5 )cm/s∶(84 .0 0± 14 .5 7)cm/s ,P =0 .14 2 ;E/A :(1.12± 0 .4 9)∶(1.6 8± 0 .4 1) ,P <0 .0 1;E/Ve较对照组明显增高 [(2 3.0 3± 7.73)∶(10 .5 3± 2 .6 7) ,P <0 .0 1]。E/A <1者 14例 (4 5 .2 % ) ,Ve/Va <1者 2 0例 (6 4 .5 % ) ;E/A >1的HCM患者其Ve和Ve/Va亦较对照组明显减低 ,E/Ve明显增高。结论 :HCM患者二尖瓣口多普勒血流信号E、A受前负荷和左房收缩性等因素的影响 ,而QTVI测量二尖瓣环运动速度能准确评价HCM患者左室舒张功能。     

定量组织速度成像评价慢性肺心病右室舒张功能的临床研究

目的 探讨定量组织速度成像(QTVI)技术评价慢性肺心病患者右室舒张功能的临床意义.方法 选取30例慢性肺心病患者,按全国第三次肺心病会议制定的诊断标准分为功能代偿期及失代偿期进行超声检查.其中代偿期组15例,失代偿期组15例;正常对照组30例.常规取胸骨旁四心腔切面应用血流频谱多普勒技术分别测定三尖瓣口舒张期血流频谱:舒张早期血流E峰峰值速度及舒张晚期血流A峰峰值速度,并计算E/A比值.然后应用定量组织多普勒技术测定右室游离壁三尖瓣环运动速度峰值:舒张早期三尖瓣环运动峰值速度Ve及舒张晚期三尖瓣环运动峰值速度Va,并计算Ve/Va比值.结果 慢性肺心病患者较对照组三尖瓣E峰减低,A峰增高,E/A＜1,三尖瓣环Ve减低,Va增高,Ve/Va＜1,肺心病组与对照组比较有显著差异,且失代偿期组(P＜0.01)较代偿期组(P＜0.05)改变更为明显.结论 慢性肺心病患者右室舒张功能减低,失代偿期组更明显;与三尖瓣口血流多普勒充盈参数相比,QTVI法对肺心病功能代偿期患者右室舒张功能异常的检出率更高;在功能失代偿期患者中, 两种方法无显著差别.提示QTVI技术是一项评价慢性肺心病患者右室舒张功能更为敏感的方法,可以早期预测右室舒张功能的变化.     

定量组织速度成像在评价原发性高血压患者左心室功能中的应用

目的 探讨定量组织速度成像(QTVI)技术在评价原发性高血压(EH)患者左室心肌组织运动中的价值.方法 采用QTVI技术获取40例健康查体者(对照组)和60例EH患者(EH组)心尖四腔、心尖两腔、心尖长轴图像,测定左室各壁基底部、中间都、心尖部三个节段收缩期峰值速度(Vs)、舒张早期峰值速度(Ve)、舒张晚期峰值速度(Va)值,并计算Ve/Va.结果 EH组左室各壁Vs、Ve值均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);除左室后壁及下壁心尖部Ve/Va外,其余各壁Ve/Va均明显低于对照组(P<0.05).结论 QTVI能敏感、准确、无创性检测心肌受损情况,此有助于对EH患者病情进行判断和分析.     

Left ventricular regional and global diastolic function assessed using Quantitative Tissue velocity Imaging in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Objectives The study was performed to assess the left ventricular (LV) regional and global diastolic function,left ventricular wall motion features in patients with Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by Quantitative Tissue Velocity Imaging (QTVI) . Methods 42 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and 36 age-matched normal subjects underwent QTVI study. Off-line LV regional muscular tissue velocity Imaging along LV apical long-axis view were obtained. Regional diastolic function was assessed in using peak tissue velocities of LV regional muscular tissue during early diastole (Ve)and LA contraction (Va) , Ve/Va ratio, derived from Tissue Velocity Imaging. Global diastolic function was reflected by isovolumic relaxation time(IRT) and mitral valve peak flow velocity ( E/A ) calculated with pulsed wave doppler.The end-diastolic interventricular septal thickness(IVSt) was measured by conventional 2 -dimension echocardiography. Results ① Ve, Va, Ve/Va inthe segments of hypertrophic interventricular septum(IVS) reduced wlhile E/A ratio significantly reduced and IRT markedly prolonged in HCM patients than in normal subjects.② Ve, Ve/Va were significant reduced in the segments of hypertrophic interventricular septum compared with other LV segments in HCM patients . ③There was a correlation between Ve/Va and E/A in HCM patients with abnormal E/A ratio (r = 0.70). ④ There was a negative correlation between Ve/Va and IVSt in non- obstruction HCM patients (Bgroup ,r= -0.61) Conclusions QTVI offers a newer method in clinical practice which has a higher sensibility and accuracy in evaluating the LV regional and global diastolic function in HCM patients .     

维持性血液透析患者左室结构功能变化

目的　探讨维持性血液透析患者左室结构功能的变化。方法　用彩色多普勒超声检测 2 0例维持性血液透析 (HD组 )、10例高血压心脏病 (HHD组 )、10例无高血压的非梗阻性肥厚性心肌病 (HCM组 )患者、10例年龄相匹配的正常人的左心房内径 (L AD)、室间隔厚度 (IVST)、左心室后壁厚度 (L VPWT)、等容舒张时间(IRT)、舒张早期和晚期左心室充盈峰血流速度比值 (E/A)、左心室重量指数 (L VMI)。结果　 HD组和 HHD组与 HCM组相比 ,L AD、IVST、L VMI、L VPWT、IRT显著减少 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,E/A比值增高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,L VMI、E/A比值和收缩压 (SBP)之间有相关性 (L VMI与 SBP呈正相关 ,P <0 .0 0 1;E/A比值与 SBP呈负相关 ,P <0 .0 5 )。HD组与 HHD组相比 ,L AD,IVST、L VPWT、IRT、L VMI、E/A无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　 HD患者的左心室肥厚和左心室舒张功能不全与 HHD患者相似 ,但比 HCM患者轻。提示对 HD患者应严格控制血压 ,以减轻心肌肥厚 ,改善左心室舒张功能     

定量组织速度成像评价高血压左室心功能的研究

目的:探讨定量组织速度成像(QTVI)在评价原发性高血压(EH)患者局域心肌舒缩功能的临床应用价值。方法:比较EH左室肥厚(LVH)与无左室肥厚(NLVH)患者不同心肌节段的收缩期峰值速度(Vs)、舒张早期峰值速度(Ve)和舒张晚期峰值速度(Va)。结果:LVH及 NLVH组 Vs、Ve值均显著小于正常对照组;LVH组与NLVH组的部分心肌节段Vs、Ve值比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:QTVI能敏感地反映EH不同病期的病理改变,可以作为高血压病程的一个重要参考指标。     

自主神经病变对1型糖尿病患者左室舒张功能的影响

用QTVI技术测定60例糖尿病患者及30例正常对照组二尖瓣环室壁运动速度（Ve，Va）。糖尿病组二尖瓣环Ve、Ve／Va低于对照组，CAN^-组（Ve／Va）〈1的节段数明显少于CAN^＋组，差异均有统计学意义。QTVI技术可定量同步对比分析心肌各节段不同时相的心肌运动特征，定量评价糖尿病患者的左室舒张功能。     

组织多普勒成像评价原发性高血压患者左室舒张功能

目的应用组织多普勒成像（TDI）评价早期原发性高血压不伴左心室肥厚患者的左室舒张功能,并探讨其临床意义。方法对80例早期不伴左心室肥厚原发性高血压患者及50例正常人（对照组）应用TDI及脉冲多普勒（PW）技术,分别检测二尖瓣环舒张期运动速度及二尖瓣口血流频谱,并进行对比研究。结果高血压组用PW测舒张早期峰值／舒张晚期峰值（E／A）、E、TDI模式测量舒张早期峰值／舒张晚期峰值（Ve／Va）、Ve较对照组显著降低（P〈0．05）;高血压组左室等容舒张时间较对照组显著延长（P〈0．05）;高血压组与对照组比较收缩峰值速度有降低,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论高血压患者在发生左室肥厚前已有舒张功能异常;TDI技术比PW技术准确,二者结合,可以为评估左室舒张功能提供更客观的诊断依据。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.