烧伤早期中性粒细胞对内皮单层通透性影响及CD11／CD18的作用

目的和方法：本实验应用体外灌注内皮细胞（ＥＣ）单层通透性测定方法观察了烧伤早期中性粒细胞（ＰＭＮ）对ＥＣ形态及通透性的影响。结果：烧伤早期ＰＭＮ可使ＥＣ变形，细胞收缩，细胞间间隙增大，ＥＣ单层通透性增大，应用ＣＤ１１ａ／ＣＤ１８单抗和ＣＤ１１ｂ／ＣＤ１８单抗阻断ＰＭＮ与ＥＣ粘附后，可明显减轻ＰＭＮ对ＥＣ的损伤和通透性的增高。结论：烧伤早期ＰＭＮ可引起ＥＣ损伤，ＣＤ１１／ＣＤ１８参与了此损伤     

肾缺血预处理增强心脏的电稳定性

目的：研究肾缺血预处理（ＩＰＣ）对心脏电稳定性的影响和机理。方法：２４只大耳白兔随机分为对照组、肾缺血再灌流（Ｉ／Ｒ）组和肾ＩＰＣ＋Ｉ／Ｒ组。观察肾再灌流２４ｈ时及用垂体后叶素（Ｐｔ）和肾上腺素（Ａｄｒ）后的心电图动态变化以及血中一氧化氮（ＮＯ）和心肌中丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）的浓度改变。结果：用Ｐｔ和Ａｄｒ后，肾Ｉ／Ｒ组缺血性ＳＴ段抬高和心律失常发生率同肾ＩＰＣ＋Ｉ／Ｒ组差异显著；肾ＩＰＣ＋Ｉ／Ｒ组ＮＯ代谢物升高和ＭＤＡ降低同Ｉ／Ｒ组差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）；除ＭＤＡ外，上述指标在肾ＩＰＣ＋Ｉ／Ｒ组与对照组间差异无显著。结论：肾ＩＰＣ通过减轻心肌缺血性改变使心脏电稳定性增强；ＮＯ可能通过增加氧自由基的清除和扩血管效应而参与此作用。     

凝集素在大鼠心脏缺血预处理中的应用

目的：实验拟通过刀豆素（ＣＯＮＡ）和麦芽素（ＷＧＡ）检测缺血再灌注损伤大鼠心肌和缺和缺血预处理大鼠心肌细胞膜凝集素受体的变化。方法：采用ＳＤ雄性大鼠１８只分３组：假手术组、缺血再灌注组、缺血预处理线,分别取三组大鼠左心室前壁心肌,常规石蜡包埋切片,分别用刀豆素、麦芽素分子探针进行ＡＢＣ法染色。结果：假手术组ＣＯＮＡ和ＷＧＡ细胞反应强,缺血再灌注组ＣＯＮＡ和ＷＧＡ细胞反应弱。缺血预处理组ＣＯＮＡ和Ｗ     

缺氧,缺血及再灌注山羊血浆对血管内皮细胞和中性粒细胞的影响

为了探讨缺氧，缺血及再灌注损伤的发生的机制，我们分别观察了缺氧（模拟海拔４０００ｍ高原）２４ｈ山羊血浆（ＨＰ），缺血１ｈ（在上述条件下于缺氧２４ｈ末放血使血压维持在６．０ｋＰａ１ｈ）山羊血浆（ＩＰ）和再灌注回输放出血液后２４ｈ）山羊血浆（ＲＰ）对中性粒细胞（ＰＭＮ）及培养的肺动脉内皮细胞（ＰＡＥＣ）的作用，ＰＭＮ在分别含ＨＰ、ＩＰ和ＲＰ的培养中温育１ｈ末，细胞活力明显升高（Ｐ〈０．００１），其升高     

粘附分子CD11a、CD11b、CD62L在恶性淋巴增殖性疾病的表达

目的：观察恶性淋巴增殖性疾病肿瘤细胞表面β２整合素（ＣＤ１１ａ、ＣＤ１１ｂ）及Ｌ－选择素（ＣＤ６２１）的表达变化及其临床意义。方法：用流式细胞仪检测３５例初诊或复发急性淋巴白血病（ＡＬＬ）、４例慢性淋巴细胞白血病（ＣＬＬ）、３０例多发性骨髓瘤（ＭＭ）、１４例淋巴肉瘤白血症及２５例正常人骨髓单个核细胞粘附分子ＣＤ１１ａ、ＣＤ１１ｂ、ＣＤ６２Ｌ的表达。结果：（１）与正常造血细胞比较，ＣＤ１１ｂ、ＣＤ１     

PPD诱导人内皮细胞表达粘附分子CD62E

目的探讨结核杆菌纯化蛋白衍生物（ＰＰＤ）在人脐静脉内皮细胞（ＥＣ）对外周血单个核细胞（ＰＭＮＣ ）粘附过程中的作用。方法利用培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞株,测定人ＰＭＮＣ和ＥＣ的粘附率;采用ＭｃＡｂＣＤ６２Ｅ抑制试验,检测ＰＰＤ对ＥＣ表达粘附分子的作用。结果经ＰＰＤ处理的 ＥＣ对ＰＭＮＣ的粘附率增加,并有一定的时相关系; ＭｃＡｂＣＤ６２Ｅ可以降低 ＰＰＤ的ＥＣ和ＰＭＮＣ的粘附率。结论ＰＰＤ可以直接刺激ＥＣ表达粘附分子,进一步参与介导白细胞与内皮细胞的粘附。     

缺血预处理抗缺血再灌注心肌间质损伤的实验研究

目的：观察缺血预处理（ＩＰＣ） 对大鼠缺血再灌注心肌间质胶原及心肌功能结构关系的影响,以进一步探讨ＩＰＣ 对心肌的保护作用。方法：实验采用体重（２５０ ±３０）ｇ 雄性ＳＤ 大鼠２４ 只,分３ 组,每组８ 只,即假手术对照（ＳＣ）组;缺血再灌注（Ｉ／Ｒ） 组和缺血预处理（ＩＰＣ） 组。用超微结构立体计量及羟脯氨酸浓度测定观察心肌间质胶原变化,多道记录仪测量心功能指标,透射电镜观察心肌超微结构。结果：Ｉ／Ｒ 时心肌间质胶原浓度显著低于ＳＣ 组（ Ｐ＜ ０－０１） ,心肌超微结构损伤严重,左室功能明显低于ＳＣ 组（ Ｐ＜ ０－０１） 。ＩＰＣ 组心肌超微结构破坏明显低于Ｉ／ Ｒ 组。同时,心肌间质胶原浓度、胶原纤维线密度及左室功能指标明显高于Ｉ／Ｒ 组（ Ｐ＜ ０－０５ ,Ｐ＜ ０－０１） 。结论：ＩＰＣ 的心肌保护作用不仅表现在对心肌细胞上,而且对心肌间质也有重要的保护作用。     

ELISA法定量检测兔中性粒细胞CD18的表达

应用其自建的定量检测细胞粘附分子（ｃｅｌｌａｄｈｅｓｉｏｎｍｏｌｅｃｕｌｅｓ，ＣＡＭｓ）表达的细胞酶联免疫吸附测定法（ｃｅｌｌ－ＥＬＩＳＡ），将兔中性粒细胞（ＰＭＮ）用０．５％甲醛－ＨＢＳＳ固定于９６孔板，通过检测ＰＭＮ上结合物的酶活性和ＰＭＮ的蛋白量，以每分钟内每微克ＰＭＮ上的酶活性（ＯＤ／ｍｉｎ／μｇｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ）相对表示细胞粘附分子的表达，并用此法分别检测了静息状态和ＴＮＦ激活的兔ＰＭＮＣＤ１８的表达。     

β_2整合素研究进展

β＿２整合素家族包括ＣＤｌｌａ／ＣＤ１８，ＣＤ１１ｂ／ＣＤ１８，ＣＤ１１ｃ／ＣＤ１８以及最近新发现的α＿ｄβ＿２，它们为异二聚体结构，共用一条β链，而α链不同，主要分布于淋巴细胞及单核细胞上，可与多种配体相互作用，在细胞间粘附及炎症反应中发挥生物学作用。在某些病理状态下ＣＤ１１／ＣＤ１８表达发生改变，调节ＣＤ１１／ＣＤ１８的表达对某些ＣＤ１１／ＣＤ１８相关疾病有潜在的治疗价值。     

细胞粘附分子与心肌缺血—再灌注损伤

在细胞缺血－再灌注过程中，细胞粘附分子、尤其是ＣＤ＿（１１）／ＣＤ＿（１８）、选择素家族及ＩＣＡＭ－１等可介导中性粒细胞与血管内皮细胞、中性粒细胞与心肌细胞之间的粘附，通过多种机制造成心肌损伤及血管功能障碍。抗有关细胞粘附分子的单克隆抗体对心肌缺血－再灌注损伤有明显保护作用。     

缺血预适应对心肌微循环内皮功能的保护作用

目的 探讨缺血预适应对心肌微循环内皮功能的作用。方法 复制套扎前降支冠状动脉犬模型。缺血预适应组先给予缺血5min，灌注5min，反复4次，然后缺血1h，再灌注2h；缺血再灌注组给予缺血1h后再灌注2h；两组分别于基础、缺血1h、再灌注2h采集冠状窦血对比分析一氧化氮和内皮素水平，并于再灌注2h对比分析注射乙酰胆碱前后心肌声学造影强度变化，最后用Evan氏兰和TIC双染。结果（1）正常心肌注药后声学强度增强，而缺血心肌反而下降，与再灌注组相比，预适应组缺血区心肌声学强度下降程度显著减轻（P〈0．01）；（2）两组缺血后一氧化氮水平均显著下降（P〈0．01），再灌注2h下降更为明显（P〈0．05），然而预适应组缺血1h与再灌注2h下降程度均小于再灌注组（P〈0．05）；（3）预适应组于缺血1h、再灌注2h内皮素水平比基础有所下降，再灌注组与基础比反而呈升高趋势，但未达统计学水准（P〉0．05），两组相比，预适应使缺血1h和再灌注2h的ET水平显著下降（P〈0．05）。结论 缺血预适应对心肌微循环内皮依赖性舒血管反应及一氧化氮和内皮素水平的调节具有保护效应。     

TNF-α priming effect on polymorphonuclear leukocyte reactive oxygen species generation and adhesion molecule expression in hemodialyzed patients

Introduction The study aimed to assess reactive oxygen species generation and the expressions of some surface antigens on polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in patients on regular hemodialysis (HD) treatment. Materials and Methods The respiratory burst of PMNs was determined with luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) in resting cells and following N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP), phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), or opsonized zymosan (OZ) stimulation and expressed in arbitrary CL units times assay-time (aU × min). The expressions of CD11b/CD18, CD10, and CD13 receptors were determined with flow cytometry. Results Basal PMN CL was increased in HD patients to up to 1285 ± 129 aU × min compared with 895 ± 88 aU × min in healthy controls (p < 0.05). The CL of unprimed PMNs increased after fMLP stimulation from 3085 ± 746 to 4529 ± 808 aU × min, and after OZ stimulation from 12945 ± 1296 to 14678 ± 1355 aU × min. PMA-stimulated CL of PMNs was similar to control values. The oxidative burst in PMNs from HD patients and healthy controls was similar in response to TNF-α alone. The CL of TNF-α-primed PMNs in HD patients was significantly lower than CL measured in healthy controls (p < 0.05). The expressions of CD10 and CD13 metalloproteinase receptors were also increased (p < 0.05). Although CD11b expression was significantly increased at rest and after fMLP stimulation, the expression of another β-integrin heterodimer compound, CD18, was not increased. Conclusions These results provide evidence that TNF-α priming of PMNs is down-regulated in HD patients despite constitutive up-regulation of resting cytotoxicity and enhanced expression of adhesion and metalloproteinase receptors.     

Pretreatment with simvastatin upregulates expression of BK-2R and CD11b in the ischemic penumbra of rats

Inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductases, collectively known as statins, have been shown to minimize cerebral ischemic events in patients. We assessed the mechanisms of simvastatin pretreatment in preventing cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats using a model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Rats were pretreated with simvastatin 14 days prior to MCAO induction. At 3, 24, and 48 hours after reperfusion, bradykinin levels in the ischemic penumbra were assayed by ELISA, mRNA levels of bradykinin B2 receptors (BK-2Rs) and CD11b were measured by fluorescent quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR), and co-expression of microglia and BK-2Rs was determined by immunofluorescence. Simvastatin had no effect on bradykinin expression in the ischemic penumbra at any time point. However, the levels of BK-2R and CD11b mRNA in the ischemic penumbra, which were significantly decreased 3 hours after ischemia-reperfusion, were increased in simvastatin-pretreated rats. Moreover, the co-expression of BK-2Rs and microglia was confirmed by immunofluorescence analysis. These results suggest that the beneficial effects of simvastatin pretreatment before cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats may be partially due to increased expression of BK-2R and CD11b in the ischemic penumbra.     

高渗盐水预处理可减轻中性粒细胞介导的肝脏缺血再灌注损伤

目的：探讨高渗盐水预处理对肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的拮抗作用及其机制。方法：建立大鼠局部肝脏缺血再灌注模型。设假手术组（sham组）、缺血再灌注组（IR组）和高渗盐水预处理组（HTS组），分别于再灌注后1 h、3 h、6 h、12 h和24 h处死大鼠，测定谷丙转氨酶（ALT）；抗凝血流式细胞仪测定中性粒细胞CD11b/CD18(Mac-1)的阳性率；RT-PCR和Western blotting分别测定肝内细胞间黏附分子1（ICAM-1）的mRNA和蛋白表达；比色法测定肝脏内髓过氧化物酶（MPO）活性；常规病理及电镜观察肝脏的病理学改变及肝脏内中性粒细胞的浸润情况。结果： ① HTS组在3 h、6 h和12 h血清ALT水平明显低于IR组（P<0.05）。②HTS组在6 h和12 h中性粒细胞Mac-1表达显著弱于IR组（P<0.05）。③HTS组肝脏MPO活性在再灌注后6 h、12 h和24 h明显低于IR组（P<0.05）。④HTS组大鼠肝脏内ICAM-1mRNA及蛋白表达明显低于IR组。⑤HTS组肝内中性粒细胞浸润、肝细胞浊肿和肝窦狭窄程度轻于IR组。结论： HTS预处理能够通过抑制中性粒细胞Mac-1和肝内ICAM-1的表达，明显抑制肝内中性粒细胞的黏附和聚集，起到拮抗肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的作用。     

Characterization of four CD18 mutants in leucocyte adhesion deficient (LAD) patients with differential capacities to support expression and function of the CD11/CD18 integrins LFA-1, Mac-1 and p150,95.

Leucocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) is a hereditary disorder caused by mutations in the CD18 (beta2 integrin) gene. Four missense mutations have been identified in three patients. CD18(A270V) supports, at a diminished level, CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1, alphaMbeta2 integrin) and CD11c/CD18 (p150,95, alphaXbeta2 integrin) expression and function but not CD11a/CD18 (LFA-1, alphaLbeta2 integrin) expression. Conversely, CD18(A341P) supports a limited level of expression and function of CD11a/CD18, but not of the other two CD11/CD18 antigens. CD18(C590R) and CD18(R593C) show a decreasing capacity to associate with the CD11a, CD11c and CD11b subunits. Transfectants expressing the CD11a/CD18 with the C590R and R593C mutations are more adhesive than transfectants expressing wild-type LFA-1, and express the reporter epitope of the monoclonal antibody 24 constitutively. Thus, the four mutations affect CD18 differently in its capacities to support CD11/CD18 expression and adhesion. These results not only provide a biochemical account for the clinical diversity of patients with leucocyte adhesion deficiency, but also offer novel insights into the structural basis of interaction between the alpha and beta subunits, which is an integral component in our understanding of integrin-mediated adhesion and its regulation.     

Effects of CD11b/18 monoclonal antibody on rats with permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion.

The progression of a lesion from ischemic injury to infarct, after the permanent occlusion of a middle cerebral artery, may be influenced by the influx of leukocytes into the ischemic territory. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of treating rats that had permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion with a single dose of an anti-CD11b/18 monoclonal antibody injected 1 hour after the arterial occlusion. To mimic the clinical situation of patients with ischemic strokes who may be treated within 1 hour of the ischemic event, the artery remained occluded. Forty-one adult Wistar rats had permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion, and one was subjected to a sham operation. One hour later, 22 rats received CD11b/18 monoclonal antibody and an additional 20 were injected either with a nonspecific antibody (n = 10) or a buffer solution (n = 10). Experiments were terminated at intervals ranging 12 to 96 hours after the arterial occlusion. Endpoints included neurological testing, daily evaluation of body weight, counts of white blood cells in the peripheral blood, measurement of the area of pallor in the ischemic hemisphere, counts of necrotic neurons, and counts of leukocytes sequestered in the ischemic hemisphere. In experiments terminated 12 hours after the arterial occlusion (n = 4), there were fewer necrotic neurons in the group treated with the CD11b/18 monoclonal antibody compared with the two controls (P < .05), but this difference was not reflected in the neurological scores. Numbers of necrotic neurons in experiments terminated > 12 hours later were not different among the three subgroups. White blood cell counts in peripheral blood were lower in animals with arterial occlusion injected with the monoclonal antibody CD11b/18 (P < .05); numbers of leukocytes sequestered in the ischemic hemisphere were not different in the three groups. Neither changes in body weight nor in the volume of the area of pallor were significantly different among the three groups.     

地奥司明对肾缺血再灌注大鼠肾组织MPO和中性粒细胞CD11b、CD54及CD62L水平的影响

 目的：观察地奥司明（DOSM）对肾缺血/再灌注（I/R）大鼠肾组织髓过氧化物酶（MPO）和中性粒细胞CD11b、CD54及CD62L表达水平的影响。方法: 180只SD大鼠随机分成3组:假手术组(SO)、肾缺血/再灌注模型组(I/R)和地奥司明+肾缺血/再灌注模型组(DOSM+I/R)。采用ELISA方法测定肾脏组织中MPO的水平,流式细胞分析法检测中性粒细胞表面CD11b、CD54和CD62L的表达水平。结果: 在1h、3h、6h、12h、24h和48h不同时间点的肾组织中,I/R和DOSM＋I/R两组MPO活性均随时间逐渐升高,于6h达最高,后逐渐下降,两组相比有显著性差异（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）。中性粒细胞CD11b、CD54及CD62L的表达在相同时段I/R组显著高于SO组（P＜0.05或P＜0.01);而在DOSM+I/R组显著低于I/R组（P＜0.05或P＜0.01)。结论：DOSM可显著降低肾I/R病理过程中MPO活性,显著降低中性粒细胞CD11b、CD54及CD62L的表达,有助于减轻I/R时炎性细胞的浸润。     

大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤时粘附分子CD40及CD40配体的表达

目的:探讨粘附分子CD40及CD40配体(CD40L)在心肌缺血再灌注损伤中的表达。方法:采用大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型,大鼠分7组:对照组(n=3)、单纯缺血30min、缺血30min再灌注1min、5min、10min、20min和30min组(各组n=6),利用流式细胞技术观察外周血CD40及CD40L的表达,并用免疫组织化学法观察CD40及CD40L在心肌中表达情况。结果:单纯30min缺血组(I_30min)的CD40及CD40L高于对照组(P＜0.05);在不同的再灌注时间中,CD40及CD40L在再灌注1min(R_1min)开始升高,R_5min达高峰,随后开始下降,R_30min达基线,其中R_5min、R_10min的CD40及CD40L比I_30min及对照组高(P＜0.05),免疫组织化学法显示CD40及CD40L在心肌细胞膜上表达,正常心肌细胞膜上表达较弱,损伤心肌细胞膜上表达较强。结论:提示心肌缺血再灌注损伤的发生可能与粘附分子CD40及CD40L的异常表达有关。     

整合素CD11a、CD11b和CD11c在大鼠心脏发育中的表达变化

目的 探讨整合素CD11a、CD11b和CD11c在大鼠心脏发育中的表达变化。方法 利用免疫组织化学和RT-PCR方法,检测胚胎18d(E18d)、生后5d(P5d)、P19d、P40d及生后1年（P1y）大鼠心肌组织的CD11a、CD11b和CD11c的基因和蛋白表达。结果 免疫组织化学结果显示,大鼠心肌
组织CD11a、CD11b和CD11c表达部位在心肌细胞质内;从E18d到P1y大鼠心肌组织CD11a、CD11b和CD11c的表达逐渐减弱。 RT-PCR显示,CD11a、CD11b、CD11c各组均呈阳性表达。其中CD11a在P5d和P40d间,P5d和 P19d间比较（P>0.05）差异无统计学意义,其他各组间比较差异均有统计
学意义;CD11b在E18d、P5d、P19d和P40d分别比较（P>0.05）差异无统计学意义,其他各组差异均有统计学意义;CD11c各组间差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论 CD11a、CD11b和CD11c在大鼠心肌的发育过程中出现表达量的变化,不同结构的整合素分子在心脏发育过程表现出相似的
表达规律,它们可能对心肌细胞的发育起重要的调控作用。