ISCOM型白血病瘤苗对小鼠巨噬细胞作用的研究

目的 探讨免疫刺激复合物(ISCOM)型白血病瘤苗对小鼠巨噬细胞的作用.方法 将C57BL/6小鼠30只分为模型组、灭活的红白血病细胞(FBL-3)瘤苗组(灭活瘤苗组)和灭活的FBL-3细胞+ISCOM瘤苗组(ISCOM瘤苗组),小鼠注射FBL-3细胞建立白血病荷瘤小鼠模型,治疗4周后,分离小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,观察不同组别的巨噬细胞吞噬功能、一氧化氮(NO)、白细胞介素(IL)-1、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、巨噬细胞杀伤活性和抗原呈递动能.结果 ISCOM瘤苗组小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞数量、巨噬细胞吞噬功能、IL-1、TNF-α、IL-2、T细胞增殖能力和NO高于模型组和灭活瘤苗组(P＜0.05),ISCOM瘤苗组巨噬细胞细胞杀伤活性显著高于模型组(P＜0.01).结论 ISCOM型瘤苗可以增加巨噬细胞的数量,增强巨噬细胞的吞噬作用及抗原呈递能力.     

黄芪多糖对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞免疫功能的调节作用研究

目的:研究黄芪多糖(APS)增强巨噬细胞的免疫作用,探讨其调节机体免疫功能的机理。方法:在体外培养的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞中加入不同浓度的APS后,观察其对巨噬细胞一氧化氮(NO)合成及对肿瘤细胞杀伤活性的影响。结果:APS能促进巨噬细胞NO合成,并能显著增强小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞对黑色素瘤细胞的杀伤作用。结论:APS能增强小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的免疫作用,可能是其抗肿瘤作用的机理之一。     

刺五加多糖的免疫调节作用研究

目的 研究刺五加多糖(acanthopanax senticosus polysaccharide,ASPS)对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞、脾淋巴细胞体外激活作用.方法 培养小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞、脾淋巴细胞,经不同浓度的ASPS作用48h后,用比色法分析腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬中性红细胞的能力;Griess法测定培养液中一氧化氮合酶含量;反转录聚合酶链反应检测脾淋巴细胞和腹腔巨噬细胞中白细胞介素-1(interleukin-1,IL-1)、白细胞介素(interleukin-2,IL-2)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)表达水平.结果 ASPS能够明显提高巨噬细胞吞噬活性.能够显著增加一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)的生成量.反转录聚合酶链反应检测结果显示,经ASPS处理后,小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞IL-1、TNF-α mRNA的表达高于对照组;而小鼠脾淋巴细胞IL-2 、TNF-α mRNA的表达高于对照组.结论 ASPS对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞具有激活作用,并能促进腹腔巨噬细胞和脾淋巴细胞产生细胞因子.     

白细胞介素18重组腺病毒对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞免疫功能的影响

目的 研究白细胞介素18重组腺病毒(AdmsIL-18)对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞免疫功能的影响,并对其机理作一探讨.方法重组腺病毒腹腔注射BALB/C小鼠,每周注射1次,共 2次.2周后制备腹腔巨噬细胞,经LPS刺激,采用ELISA法检测培养上清mIL-18、mIL-1β、mTNFα的水平;酶还原法检测NO的含量;LDH释放法检测巨噬细胞的杀伤活性. 结果AdmsIL-18注射后,小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞高效表达mIL-18,同时巨噬细胞分泌 mIL-1β、mTNFα、NO水平明显增加,并增强巨噬细胞的杀伤活性,与其它对照组比较均 P<0.01.结论小鼠腹腔注射AdmsIL-18,能显著增加巨噬细胞表达mIL -18、mIL-1β、mTNFα、NO,增强巨噬细胞的杀伤活性.     

双歧杆菌DNA对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的激活效应

目的探讨双歧杆菌DNA对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的激活作用,为微生物DNA制剂开发应用于临床提供科学依据.方法纯化提取双歧杆菌基因组DNA,并鉴定DNA制品CpG基序甲基化程度.收集双歧杆菌DNA(10μg/ml)体外诱导培养24 h的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞培养上清,采用ELISA法检测培养上清中TNF-α、IL-12的含量,用Griess试剂检测其NO的含量;FACS检测巨噬细胞的吞噬功能.结果实验组(双歧杆菌DNA组)巨噬细胞产生TNF-α、IL-12及NO的水平分别为120.12±13.21 pg/ml、405.51±51.80 pg/ml和11.12±1.01μmol/L,巨噬细胞吞噬功能的平均荧光强度为28.12±3.58;对照组(PBS组)分别为5.82±1.54 pg/ml、10.17±1.27 pg/ml、2.14±0.28 μmol/L和9.32±1.01,两组间各项指标比较均有显著性差异(均P＜0.01).结论双歧杆菌DNA能激活巨噬细胞,可增强巨噬细胞TNF-α、IL-12及NO产生的水平及吞噬功能.     

海洋真菌多糖YCP对巨噬细胞免疫功能的影响

目的:研究海洋真菌多糖(YCP)促进巨噬细胞的免疫调节作用,探讨其抗肿瘤作用的机理.方法:在体外培养的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞中加入不同浓度的YCP后,观察其对巨噬细胞一氧化氮(NO)、IL-1的合成及吞噬功能的影响.结果:YCP多糖能促进巨噬细胞NO、IL-1的合成,并能显著增强小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬中性红的作用.结论:YCP能增强小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的免疫作用,这可能是其抗肿瘤作用的机理之一.     

双歧杆菌DNA对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞表面分子表达及分泌功能的影响

目的　探讨双歧杆菌DNA对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞表面分子表达及分泌功能的影响。方法　纯化提取双歧杆菌基因组DNA ,并鉴定DNA制品CpG基序甲基化程度。用双歧杆菌DNA (10 μg ml)体外诱导培养小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞 ,流式细胞仪检测小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞MHCⅡ类分子、共刺激分子和粘附分子的表达 ,ELISA法检测培养上清中细胞因子的含量。结果　双歧杆菌DNA组巨噬细胞表达Ia、CD4 0、CD86和CD5 4分子的平均荧光强度分别为 4 3 176± 5 5 6、4 7 6 8± 4 6 5、15 6 4 9± 2 0 6 8和 6 9 37± 4 10高于PBS对照组 15 0 2± 2 31、15 72± 3 2 1、88 5 1± 6 38和 4 8 81± 3 2 1;双歧杆菌DNA组巨噬细胞产生IL 1β的水平为 2 70 12± 31 5 1pg ml高于PBS对照组 138 12± 9 2 4 pg ml;两组之间的差别均具有显著性的意义 (均P <0 0 5 )。结论　双歧杆菌DNA能增强小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞共刺激分子、MHCⅡ类分子和粘附分子的表达 ,增强巨噬细胞IL 1的分泌水平。     

17-β雌二醇对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能、一氧化氮产生和诱导型一氧化氮合酶表达的影响

目的研究17-β雌二醇(E2)在体外对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能、一氧化氮(NO)生成及诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)表达的影响。方法取小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,Griess反应检测不同浓度E2对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞NO生成时间和剂量依赖性影响,中性红吞噬试验检测小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能,逆转录多聚酶链反应(RT-PCR)法检测iNOSmRNA的表达。结果低浓度E2组(10-9mol.L-1、10-8mol.L-1、10-7mol.L-1)巨噬细胞吞噬能力、NO产生及iNOS表达从4 h开始均较对照组增高(P<0.05),其中10-7mol.L-1E2作用最为明显;高浓度E2组(10-6mol.L-1、10-5mol.L-1)巨噬细胞吞噬能力、NO产生及iNOS表达则有明显的降低(P<0.05),且浓度越高降低越明显。结论E2对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬功能、NO产生及iNOS表达有显著的调节作用,且呈现剂量相关性。     

黄芪多糖对细菌脂多糖诱导大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞释放TNFα、NO及IL-1的影响

目的研究黄芪多糖(APS)对细菌脂多糖(LPS)诱导大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞释放肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)、白细胞介素-1(IL-1)及一氧化氮(NO)的影响.方法 10 mg/L LPS体外诱导大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,小鼠成纤维细胞瘤株(L929)杀伤法检测TNFα的含量、小鼠胸腺细胞增殖法检测IL-1的活性、Griess法检测NO的水平.结果 APS能不同程度地抑制激活巨噬细胞对TNFα、NO与IL-1的分泌.结论 APS抑制巨噬细胞的分泌功能可能是其保肝作用的机制之一.     

灰树花DNA对小鼠非特异性免疫功能的影响

目的:以自然杀伤(NK)细胞杀伤活性、巨噬细胞吞噬功能及TNF-α,IL-1的产生水平为指标,研究灰树花DNA时小鼠非特异性免疫功能影响.方法:用乳酸脱氢酶释放法测定NK细胞杀伤活性,吞噬中性红实验法检测巨噬细胞吞噬功能,生物活性测定法检测巨噬细胞TNF-α和IL-1的产生水平.结果:灰树花DNA处理组小鼠脾NK细胞杀伤活性,巨噬细胞吞噬功能及TNF-α,IL-1的产生水平均较生理盐水对照组呈现有显著意义的增高或增强.结论:灰树花DNA可增强机体非特异性免疫功能,间接发挥抗肿瘤作用.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.