经导管介入治疗冠状动脉瘘

目的：探讨经导管介入治疗冠状动脉瘘的方法及临床疗效。方法：经导管堵塞冠状动脉瘘14例，平均年龄7．1岁。结果：13例应用弹簧圈堵塞，平均瘘口大小为3．65mm，除3例失败外均获成功；1例（瘘口6．6mm）应用Amplatzer动脉导管未闭堵塞器堵塞成功。所有病例随访1个月－4年，均无残余分流及任何并发症。结论：经导管介入治疗冠状动脉瘘具有良好的临床疗效及安全性。可控弹簧圈一般用于堵塞瘘口较小的冠状动脉瘘，而瘘口较大的冠状动脉瘘可选用Amplatzer动脉导管未闭堵塞器。     

经导管弹簧圈栓堵法治疗先天性冠状动脉瘘

目的　探讨经导管弹簧圈栓堵冠状动脉瘘的安全性和有效性。方法　总结我院 1999年 5月至 2 0 0 2年 12月 6例 38～ 70岁 (平均年龄 5 0 7岁 )的先天性冠状动脉瘘进行栓堵治疗的患者 ,其中冠状动脉瘘由左冠状动脉至肺动脉 2例、右冠状动脉至肺动脉 2例、右冠状动脉至右下肺静脉及双侧冠状动脉至肺动脉各 1例。结果　 5例 (83 3% )栓堵后完全闭合 ;1例因瘘管迂曲 ,导管到位困难而放弃介入治疗。无手术死亡及并发症。 5例患者经体检和超声心动图随访 3～ 4 6个月 ,无残余瘘 ,无复发。结论　经导管弹簧圈栓堵先天性冠状动脉瘘不用开胸 ,病人易接受 ,安全、有效、方便 ,可作为治疗冠状动脉瘘的一种方法。     

先天性心脏病冠状动脉瘘的介入治疗

收集近年来国内外先天性冠状动脉瘘100例介入文献与85例手术文献,分析冠状动脉瘘的类型,治疗方法及预后。冠状动脉瘘起源于左冠状动脉多见,出口多在右心。单一冠状动脉瘘可以考虑以经导管介入封堵治疗,这是创伤小,相对安全有效的治疗手段且预后良好,适宜推广。合并其他先天性畸形者或冠状动脉病变者以及介入治疗失败者考虑手术治疗。     

经导管介入治疗23例小儿先天性冠状动脉瘘

目的 探讨经导管介入法治疗小儿先天性冠状动脉瘘的经验。方法 男13例,女10例,年龄2．5～14．0岁。右冠状动脉右房瘘11例,右冠状动脉右室瘘6例,左冠状动脉右房瘘4例,左冠状动脉前降支右室瘘1例,左冠状动脉前降支肺动脉瘘1例。瘘管最窄处大小1．8～6．5mm。建立达到或通过瘘管的输送轨道,选择瘘口处或接近瘘口处的瘘管狭窄部位为封堵处。16例瘘管最窄处内径〈3mm的病例选用弹簧圈进行封堵,7例内径〉3mm的病例分别应用Amplatzer动脉导管未闭封堵器及国产对称型室间隔缺损封堵器进行封堵。结果 21例封堵成功,2例封堵不成功者外科手术成功缝扎冠状动脉瘘口。结论 经导管治疗冠状动脉瘘是一种创伤性小、疗效确切的方法。此技术首先必须系统地评价冠状动脉瘘的解剖类型及冠状动脉走向,保证欲封堵的血管的下游不能有正常血管的分支。同时必须严格掌握介入治疗适应证,对于瘘管扭曲严重,经导管封堵有困难的病例可行外科手术治疗。     

经导管对七例儿童先天性异常血管的介入治疗

目的　探讨经导管介入治疗冠状动脉瘘、先天性心脏病侧支血管、主 肺动脉间隔缺损的方法及治疗原则。方法　应用Cook公司弹簧圈堵闭 4例冠状动脉瘘、1例法乐氏四联症的侧支血管 ,应用AGA公司的Amplatzer动脉导管未闭堵闭器堵闭冠状动脉瘘 1例及主 肺动脉间隔缺损 1例。7例小儿平均年龄 8 5岁。结果　 7例均成功堵闭 ,术后随访 1个月～ 5年 ,无残余分流及其他并发症。结论　经导管对先天性异常血管的介入治疗疗效良好 ,但应严格掌握手术适应症 ,控制曝光时间在 6 0min内 ,减少手术并发症 ,提高手术成功率。     

冠状动脉瘘介入治疗的现状

冠状动脉瘘是一种冠状循环系统中罕见的异常，其特征是冠状动脉与心腔或大血管之间的异常连接。虽然大多数患者在临床上是无症状的，但是有一部分患者可以表现出充血性心力衰竭、心肌梗死、肺动脉高压和其他心肺功能异常的体征和症状。冠状动脉造影和冠状动脉CT血管造影被认为是诊断冠状动脉瘘的可靠方法。导管闭合术通常被认为是主要的治疗方法。本文综述冠状动脉瘘介入治疗现状并汇总研究进展。     

冠状动脉瘘的临床分析

目的探讨11例先天性冠状动脉瘘(CAF)的临床特点及治疗方法。方法2003年至2005年,应用超声心动图、升主动脉及选择性冠状动脉造影检查确诊CAF 11例,其中单支瘘管起源于左冠状动脉5例,右冠状动脉2例,双侧起源4例。6例行外科手术治疗,2例患者行导管弹簧栓堵闭术,另3例未进行有创治疗,以药物保守治疗。结果8例手术及介入治疗均成功,无死亡及并发症发生。所有患者随访6～36个月,均无残余瘘发生。结论超声心动图及选择性冠状动脉造影是CAF的主要确诊手段。外科手术和经导管栓堵术闭合CAF均安全有效,应在临床症状出现之前进行根治性治疗。     

儿童冠状动脉瘘经皮导管介入治疗的护理

目的通过41例先天性冠状动脉瘘介入治疗患者回顾分析,总结该类患者的护理经验。方法回顾性分析2013年7月至2016年2月在广东省人民医院确诊先天性冠状动脉瘘的41例患者的临床资料。结果介入治疗成功率为85.3%(35/41),术后并发症包括完全性右束支传导阻滞4例,急性心肌梗死1例;并发症发生率1.25%。结论先天性冠状动脉瘘经导管介入治疗方法具有创伤小、恢复快的特点,但相对其他类型先天性心脏病介入治疗相关并发症发生率较高,术前及术后需充分评估病情,做好准备工作,术中密切配合,术后密切观察病情,及时发现并及时作相应处理。     

经导管法封堵冠状动脉瘘临床分析

目的:探讨经导管法封堵中老年冠状动脉瘘的技术方法、有效性及安全性。方法:将7例先天性冠状动脉瘘患者进行了经导管封堵治疗,选择性冠状动脉造影见冠状动脉肺动脉瘘3例,冠状动脉心房瘘3例,冠状动脉右心室瘘1例。标准冠状动脉介入方法将微导管定位于瘘管的中段,经该导管输送Cook弹簧圈用于封堵直径<8mm的瘘管;巨大瘘管(直径>8mm)采用Amplatzer动脉导管封堵器(ADO)封堵。如瘘管形态不适于行弹簧圈或ADO封堵,则采用带膜支架。结果:采用Cook弹簧圈栓塞3例,ADO封堵1例,带膜支架封堵2例,另1例冠状动脉导引导丝致瘘道夹层而自行堵闭。即刻冠状动脉造影微量残余分流2例,术后心电图无特殊改变,临床症状缓解,无手术死亡及并发症。随访4个月~2年,无不适症状。结论:经导管法封堵中老年人冠状动脉瘘创伤小,安全有效,可作为合适患者的首选方法。     

Amplatzer动脉导管未闭封堵器在非动脉导管未闭心血管疾病中的应用

目的评价Amplatzer动脉导管未闭封堵器在非动脉导管未闭心血管疾病中的临床应用价值。方法1998年5月至今,采用Amplatzer动脉导管未闭封堵器治疗非动脉导管未闭心血管疾病共13例,其中肺动静脉瘘7例、主动脉右窦破入右心室3例、冠状动脉瘘2例、左锁骨下动脉近段假性动脉瘤1例。介入治疗前、后均行超声心动图或/和心血管造影检查。结果13例操作技术全部成功,除1例发生一过性冠状动脉气栓外,余无并发症发生。结论Amplatzer动脉导管未闭封堵器应用于一些非动脉导管未闭疾病的介入治疗安全有效。     

It hurts to swallow! Pseudoachalasia resulting from attempted transcatheter occlusion of a giant congenital coronary artery fistula

Congenital coronary artery fistula (CAF) is a rare anomaly that can cause heart failure and myocardial ischemia. In recent decades, transcatheter approaches to occlude CAF have emerged as minimally invasive alternatives to surgical ligation. Reported complications with transcatheter CAF occlusion include device embolization and dissection. We report the first case of attempted transcatheter occlusion of a giant CAF that resulted in severe pseudoachalasia.     

Management of coronary artery fistulae. Patient selection and results of transcatheter closure

OBJECTIVES: We report short-term findings in 33 patients after transcatheter closure (TCC) of coronary artery fistulae (CAF) and compare our results with those reported in the recent transcatheter and surgical literature. BACKGROUND: Transcatheter closure of CAF has been advocated as a minimally invasive alternative to surgery. METHODS: We reviewed all patients presenting with significant CAF between January 1988 and August 2000. Those with additional complex cardiac disease requiring surgical management were excluded. RESULTS: Of 39 patients considered for TCC, occlusion devices were placed in 33 patients (85%) at 35 procedures and included coils in 28, umbrella devices in 6 and a Grifka vascular occlusion device in 1. Post-deployment angiograms demonstrated complete occlusion in 19, trace in 11, or small residual flow in 5. Follow-up echocardiograms (median, 2.8 years) in 27 patients showed no flow in 22 or small residual flow in 5. Of the 6 patients without follow-up imaging, immediate post-deployment angiograms showed complete occlusion in 5 or small residual flow in 1. Thus, complete occlusion was accomplished in 27 patients (82%). Early complications included transient ST-T wave changes in 5, transient arrhythmias in 4 and single instances of distal coronary artery spasm, fistula dissection and unretrieved coil embolization. There were no deaths or long-term morbidity. Device placement was not attempted in 6 patients (15%), because of multiple fistula drainage sites in 4, extreme vessel tortuosity in 1 and an intracardiac hemangioma in 1. CONCLUSIONS: A comparison of our results with those in the recent transcatheter and surgical literature shows similar early effectiveness, morbidity and mortality. From data available, TCC of CAF is an acceptable alternative to surgery in most patients.     

Transcatheter closure of coronary artery fistulae using the Amplatzer Duct Occluder.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to report our experience using the Amplatzer Duct Occluder (ADO) for occlusion of significant coronary artery fistulae (CAF). BACKGROUND: Transcatheter closure of CAF with coils is well described. Use of newer devices may offer advantages such as improved control of device placement, use of a single instead of multiple devices, and high rates of occlusion. METHODS: A retrospective review of all patients catheterized for CAF from July 2002 through August 2005 was performed. RESULTS: Thirteen patients with CAF underwent cardiac catheterization, of which a total of 6 patients had ADO placement in CAF (age, 21 days to 56 years; median age, 4.3 years and weight, 3.8 kg to 74.6 kg; median weight, 13.3 kg). An arteriovenous wire loop was used to advance a long sheath antegrade to deploy the ADO in the CAF. Immediate and short-term outcomes (follow-up, 3 months to 14 months; median follow-up, 8.5 months) demonstrated complete CAF occlusion in 5 patients and minimal residual shunt in 1 patient (who had resolution of right atrial and right ventricular enlargement). On follow-up clinical evaluation, all 6 patients had absence of fistula-related murmurs, and 2 previously symptomatic patients had resolution of congestive heart failure symptoms. Early complications included transient palpitations and atrial arrhythmia in the 2 oldest patients (52 and 56 years old). CONCLUSIONS: Use of the ADO is applicable for transcatheter closure of significant CAF. Advantages of using the ADO include the antegrade approach, use of a single device, and effective CAF occlusion.     

Percutaneous coronary artery fistula closure in adults: technical and procedural aspects.

BACKGROUND: Coronary artery fistulae (CAF) are an uncommon congenital anomaly characterized by an abnormal connection between the coronary arteries and cardiac chambers or vessels without traversing the usual capillary network. CAF are associated with a number of well-described symptomatic sequelae, which may necessitate treatment. With a tendency for symptoms to develop over time, symptomatic CAF may present for the first time in adulthood, with limited data existing on the technical aspects related to transcatheter fistula closure in adults. METHODS: We describe our experience in percutaneous closure of CAF in an exclusively adult population, with an emphasis on the various procedural features of device closure in this patient group. RESULTS: Attempted transcatheter CAF closure was performed in 14 patients between 1990 and 2006. Procedural success was achieved in 11 patients, with vessel tortuosity and lumen caliber important limitations in occlusion device delivery. Procedural complications included vessel dissection and device embolization. CONCLUSION: Transcatheter occlusion is a safe and effective method of therapy for symptomatic adults with CAF.     

先天性心脏病冠状动脉瘘的诊断及治疗

近年来冠状动脉瘘的诊断和治疗取得了长足的发展,冠状动脉造影检查是诊断冠状动脉瘘的金标准,冠状动脉瘘经导管封堵术和外科手术闭合治疗均安全、有效。     

Coronary artery fistulas in children

Objectives

There are various types of coronary artery fistulas (CAF) with complex shapes. Therefore, it is important to make a correct diagnosis and to understand the relationship of the CAF to the adjacent structures before transcatheter occlusion or surgery. This study evaluated the feasibility of using 64-slice multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) angiography in diagnosing CAF.

Methods

Two readers who were blinded to the results of echocardiography, intervention, or surgery retrospectively evaluated the coronary MDCT appearances of CAF in 10 patients (4 boys and 6 girls; mean age, 2.9 years; range, 1–6 years). The origin, course, and distal entry site of the fistula were determined. The diameters of the origin and the distal entry site were measured and compared with those seen during intervention or surgery.

Results

The origin, course, and distal vessel entry site of the CAF were clearly outlined in all patients by MDCT. The distal vessel draining site involved a single entry vessel in all patients. Seven fistulas involved the right coronary artery, and three involved the left coronary artery. Four fistulas drained into the right ventricle, four into the right atrium, and two into the left ventricle. The diagnosis of CAF using MDCT was in accordance with diagnoses made during intervention or surgery. There was an excellent correlation between MDCT and transcatheter occlusion in quantifying the diameters of the origin and distal entry site (R =?0.90 and 0.92, respectively, P?<?0.05).

Conclusion

Coronary 64-slice MDCT angiography depicted the whole shape and course of the CAF as well as of the surrounding structures. It may serve as a noninvasive diagnostic tool when planning a therapeutic strategy.     

冠状动脉瘘封堵技巧与效果

目的:冠状动脉瘘（coronary artery fistula,CAF）出口多变,形态多样,本研究探讨不同冠状动脉瘘的封堵技巧与封堵术治疗效果。方法:纳入1999年1月~2012年12月所有试图实施CAF封堵术的患者,在除外其它心脏畸形的基础上,根据主动脉或者冠状动脉造影观测CAF解剖形态,选择封堵术径路、封堵器类型和大小,封堵术后定期随访。结果:共纳入36例患者（男性17例）,年龄3至74 岁(中位数21岁)。CAF起源于左冠状动脉13例（36%）,右冠状动脉18例（50%）,双侧冠状动脉5例（14%）,引流至左心室7例（19%）,右心系统29例（81%）,包括右心房7例,右心室14例和肺动脉8例。成功封堵25例,成功率69%。经静脉途径封堵9例,CAF出口分别为右心房（n=5）,右心室（n=3）和肺动脉（n=1）;经动脉途径封堵16例,出口分别为左心室（n=3）, 右心房（n=1）,右心室(n=10)和肺动脉（n=2）。术后出现短暂胸痛2例,心电图ST T改变6例和再通1例。结论:介入方式治疗CAF安全、可靠,但具体采用何种径路和封堵器,需要根据其解剖形态确定。     

Transcatheter closure of right coronary artery fistula to the right ventricle

Coronary artery fistula (CAF) is an uncommon anomaly that is usually congenital but can be acquired. Although most patients are asymptomatic, some may present with congestive heart failure, infective endocarditis, myocardial ischemia or rupture. In the past, surgical ligation was the only option in the management of CAF, but since 1983, transcatheter closure of CAF has been increasing as an alternative to surgery. We report a 3-year-old boy, presented in Queen Alia Heart Institute, who underwent successful transcatheter closure of a large fistula communicating the distal part of the right coronary artery to the right ventricle. Our case differs from other CAFs in that the fistula was communicating the right coronary artery itself to the right ventricle.     

Transcatheter Closure of Coronary Artery Fistulae: Considerations and Approaches Based on Fistula Origin

Objectives

To investigate technical approaches for transcatheter closure of coronary artery fistula based on anatomic type of the fistula.

Background

The variability in coronary artery fistulae (CAF) anatomy that necessitates different transcatheter closure (TCC) approaches has not been well documented.

Methods

Records of patients with CAF who underwent TCC at 2 centers were reviewed for technical details and procedural outcome. CAF were classified as proximal and distal. TCC approaches employed were arterio‐venous or arterio‐arterial loop, retrograde arterial, and antegrade venous.

Results

Eighteen patients with CAF, mean age 12.6 years (0.07–60), 11 male (61%), underwent TCC. All CAF drained predominantly into the right side of the heart. Types of CAF were proximal in 15 and distal in 3 patients. CAF calibers were large in 7, medium in 9, and small in 2 patients. The arterio‐venous loop approach was used in the majority of the cases (11 patients) and the CAF size were medium to large. The retrograde arterial approach was used in 4; of these, 3 patients had small to medium sized CAF. In 2 patients with long tortuous CAF an antegrade venous approach was employed. TCC was successful in 17 of the 18 patients (94.4%). There were no peri‐procedural deaths or vascular complications.

Conclusions

This study documents transcatheter closure approaches for CAF and device selection based on fistula origin. The choices of TCC technique and device selection vary, and are primarily determined by the heterogeneous anatomic characteristics of the fistulae.