磁敏感加权成像在高血压脑微出血中应用价值的探讨

目的:探讨磁敏感加权成像在高血压脑微出血中的应用价值.方法:采用1.5T MR扫描仪,对48例高血压脑微出血患者分别进行常规和SWI序列扫描,比较各序列对于脑微出血灶的数量、部位、分布的显示情况.结果:T2WI序列检出低信号灶169个,T2FLAIR序列检出低信号灶273个,SWI序列检出低信号灶1335个,各序列显示...     

SWI及DWI对高血压颅内微出血的检测价值

目的:评估SWI及DWI技术检测高血压患者脑微出血(cerebral microbleeds,CMBs)病变的临床价值。方法:收集40例原发性高血压患者,分为低-中危组及高-极高危组,同时收集同期40例健康成人作为对照组,共80例。2组均行MRI颅脑常规序列、DWI及SWI检查。对SWI及DWI显示CMBs的阳性率及CMBs数量进行统计学分析。结果:高血压组中26例发现CMBs病灶,对照组为6例;高血压组CMBs病灶轻、中、重度均可见,对照组阳性患者中仅见轻度CMBs病灶;CMBs主要位于双侧基底节区及皮质-皮质下区。无论是对照组、低-中危组还是高-极高危组,SWI与DWI显示CMBs阳性率及CMBs数目差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);对照组与高-极高危组、低-中危组与高-极高危组CMBs阳性率及CMBs数目差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:SWI显示高血压患者CMBs优于DWI,当高血压患者怀疑CMBs时,SWI应作为首选检查方法。     

MR磁敏感成像在脑内出血性疾病中的应用

目的 评价磁敏感加权成像(SWI)在诊断脑内出血性疾病中的应用价值.方法 40例脑内出血患者行1.5 T MR检查,扫描方法为T1WI、T2WI、T2*WI及SWI序列,37例同时行DWI,10例同时行MR增强扫描.SWI所得图像资料经过工作站进行后处理,获得SWI磁化率加权图和SWI相位图.将所有资料进行评分(1～3分)分析,采用多因素方差分析和LSD多重检验,比较SWI相对于其他序列在脑内出血性疾病中的诊断价值.结果 在病变显示、病变边界及静脉血管显示的评分上SWI分别为2.8、2.8、2.8分,T1W1分别为1.8、1.7、0.0分,T2WI分别为2.3、2.0、0.0分,T2*WI分别为2.0、2.1、0.2分;SWI分别与T1WI、T2WI、T2*WI的评分结果比较,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01).在发现脑内微出血灶的数量上,SWI、T1WI、T2WI、DWI、T2*WI分别发现脑内微出血灶402、55、61、84、188个,SWl分别与T1WI、T2WI、DWI、T2*WI比较,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01).结论 SWI能够较常规扫描序列及T2*WI更好地显示脑内出血,在发现超急性期脑出血、脑微出血,以及对脑出血分期判断、鉴别脑内出血或钙化具有重要价值.     

联合SWI与DWI在急性脑弥漫性轴索损伤中的应用价值

目的：评价联合磁敏感成像（SWI）与扩散加权成像（DWI）在急性期脑弥漫性轴索损伤中的应用价值。方法：32例脑弥漫性轴索损伤急性期患者,所有患者行常规MRI序列、DWI及SWI序列全脑扫描。结果：共检出病灶313个,T1WI 78个,T2WI 207个,FLAIR 292个,DWI 286个,SWI 297个。SWI显示245个病灶内分布斑片状、点状出血灶,其它序列共显示43个内分布出血灶。SWI、DWI病灶检出率高于常规T2WI（χ2=82.465,χ2=59.584;P〈0.01）,SWI、FLAIR及DWI病灶检出率无明显差异（χ2=3.052;P〉0.05）。结论：联合SWI与DWI有利于提高急性脑弥漫性轴索损伤的检出率,有助于准确评价病变的严重程度,SWI与DWI应作为急性脑弥漫性轴索损伤的常规扫描序列组合。     

磁敏感加权成像在脑内微出血影像诊断中的价值

目的：探讨磁敏感加权成像（SWI）在脑微出血（CMBs）影像诊断中的价值。方法：对232例拟诊脑血管病患者行常规MR头颅平扫T2WI、T2FLAIR、T1WI、DWI序列及SWI序列,对常规序列显示的CMBs数目、敏感性与SWI序列比较并进行统计学处理。结果：28例有脑内微出血,SWI序列共检出CMBs 186个,T2WI序列共检出CMBs 38个,CMBs病灶检出敏感性为20.4%;T1WI序列共检出CMBs 21个,CMBs病灶检出敏感性为11.3%。T2FLAIR共检出CMBs 41个,CMBs病灶检出敏感性为22%,DWI序列共检出CMBs 24个,CMBs病灶检出敏感性为12.9%,多序列CMBs检出数目比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;SWI序列与T1WI、T2WI、T2FLAIR、DWI序列CMBs检出敏感性比较,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;28例中,22例有高血压病史,同时合并出血性卒中患者14例,缺血性卒中患者8例,混合性卒中患者6例。结论：SWI序列对CMBs的检出敏感性高于常规序列,CMBs病灶的检出可以反映脑内微血管病变程度,对脑卒中的治疗及预后判断具有较为重要的临床应用价值。     

磁共振SWI在诊断脑血管病微出血灶中的应用价值

目的 探讨分析磁共振磁敏感加权成像技术(SWI)在脑血管病微出血灶检出中的应用价值.方法 选取本院常规MRI扫描(T1WI、T2WI、T2-FLAIR)、DWI及SWI扫描,且SWI脑微出血灶检出阳性的脑血管病患者55例,探讨常规MRI序列、DWI及SWI在微出血灶检出阳性及检出病灶数目方面的差异.结果 55例患者微出...     

静脉性脑梗死的磁敏感加权成像表现

目的 研究静脉性脑梗死的磁敏感加权成像(SWI)表现及其临床应用价值.资料与方法 回顾性分析25例经MR或DSA确诊的脑静脉窦血栓(CVST)患者的影像资料,所有患者均伴有静脉性脑梗死.25例均行T_1WI、T_2WI、2D T_2~*梯度回波(GRE)、SWI及磁共振静脉成像(MRV)检查.其中,18例行DSA检查,22例行CT检查.结果 20例为出血性静脉脑梗死,5例为非出血性静脉脑梗死.SWI示16例(16/20)出血灶的数目较TISE序列增多,显示18例(18/20)的出灶灶较T_2FSE增多,显示12例(12/20)的出血灶较2D T_2~* GRE序列增多.其中,17例(17/25)的SWI最小强度投影(MinIP)图像梗死区可见许多扩张的小静脉,其他序列未见此征象.结论 SWI可以发现静脉性脑梗死中更多的出血灶和扩张的引流静脉,对诊断静脉性脑梗死和判断静脉性脑梗死患者的病情可能会有更大帮助.     

磁敏感加权成像对脑部恶性肿瘤的诊断价值

目的:探讨磁敏感加权成像(SWI)技术对脑部恶性肿瘤诊断的应用价值.材料和方法:搜集30例经手术及病理证实的脑恶性肿瘤患者资料,其中胶母细胞瘤13例、间变性脑膜瘤6例、恶性室管膜瘤4例、恶性生殖细胞瘤4例、转移瘤3例.全部病例行T1WI、T2WI、增强T1WI及SWI序列检查,对结果进行对比分析.结果:19例病灶内见散在T1WI低信号、T2WI等或高信号灶,无法鉴别坏死或出血,11例病灶内等信号,全部病灶增强T1WI强化不均.SWI序列病灶内可见较T1WI、T2WI异常信号范围更大的低信号出血灶,无异常信号的病灶内出现低信号出血灶,有14例显示低信号肿瘤引流静脉.结论:SWI序列可以显示肿瘤内常规MRI序列无法判断性质或不能显示的出血及肿瘤静脉血管,对恶性肿瘤的诊断具有较大价值.     

3.0T磁共振磁敏感加权成像对出血性脑梗死的诊断和鉴别诊断价值

目的探讨3.0T磁共振磁敏感加权成像(SWI)对出血性脑梗死的诊断和鉴别诊断价值。方法对430例脑梗死患者行MR的T1WI、T2WI、DWI与SWI扫描,分析T1WI、T2WI、DWI和SWI对出血性脑梗死检出率的差异和SWI对于出血性脑梗死的鉴别诊断价值。结果 SWI检出出血性脑梗死45例,T1WI检出20例,T2WI检出28例,DWI检出31例。结论 SWI较MR常规序列(T1WI和T2WI)和DWI序列可检出更多的出血性脑梗死病例;可早期发现脑梗死中的出血灶,明显优于MR常规序列(T1WI和T2WI)和DWI序列;具有一定的鉴别诊断价值;可作为出血性脑梗死检查的一线方法或常规序列。     

SWI对弥漫性轴索损伤的诊断价值

目的 :探讨3.0 T MRI的SWI在急性期弥漫性轴索损伤(diffuse axonal injury,DAI)中的诊断价值。方法 :回顾性分析35例经临床确诊为DAI患者的影像学资料,将常规TSE序列、液体衰减反转恢复序列与SWI图像进行比较分析,评价SWI在急性期弥漫性轴索损伤诊断中的价值。结果:35例共检出病灶302个,单发2例,多发33例。常规T1WI检出病灶114个,其中单纯水肿灶93个,水肿伴出血灶21个;T2WI检出231个,其中单纯水肿灶182个,水肿伴出血灶49个;FLAIR序列检出268个,其中单纯水肿灶203个,水肿伴出血灶65个;SWI检出病灶302个,其中单纯水肿灶40个,水肿伴出血灶262个。SWI对出血灶检出敏感性显著高于常规T1WI、T2WI及FLAIR序列(P0.05)。结论 :SWI能非常敏感地检出急性期DAI患者脑内微出血灶,为其早期诊断提供更多依据。     

脑血管淀粉样变性颅内出血的临床及MRI分析

目的:探讨脑血管淀粉样变性脑出血的临床特点及MRI表现,提高对本病的认识及活体诊断水平。方法:对12例经手术病理证实的脑血管淀粉样变性脑出血患者的临床资料与MRI表现进行回顾性分析。12例均行常规T1WI和T2WI检查及磁敏感加权成像(SWI)。结果:12例中,男7例,女5例,年龄47~78岁,平均年龄68岁。临床主要表现为头痛(12例)和脑膜刺激征(7例)。其出血主要位于脑叶的表面,呈分叶状或不规则形,具有多发性和容易复发的特点。常规T1WI和T2WI表现为急性、亚急性和慢性出血灶混合存在,SWI显示为多发性低信号灶。7例合并蛛网膜下腔出血,2例合并脑室出血。结论:脑血管淀粉样变性脑出血在临床和MRI上具有一定的特征,SWI能够提供比常规MRI更加详细、准确的诊断信息,但确诊需要病理学诊断。     

Significance of the perfusion-diffusion mismatch in chronic cerebral ischemia

PURPOSE: To determine whether the perfusion deficit could predict brain infarction in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia who experienced recurring episodes of neurological symptoms and showed a perfusion-diffusion mismatch on magnetic resonance (MR) images. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 53 consecutive patients (38 males and 15 females, 62+/-13 years old) with ischemia in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory, lesion volumetry was performed on parametric maps of the time-to-peak, the cerebral blood volume, and diffusion-weighted (DW) images. The infarct lesions were assessed on follow-up T2-weighted (T2W) MR images after eight days. Cerebrovascular changes were determined by time-of-flight (TOF) MR angiography (MRA). Inferential and correlation statistics were used. RESULTS: Patients with chronic ischemic brain disease (N=39) who presented with a severe perfusion-diffusion mismatch in the presence of a normal cerebral blood volume had no or small brain infarctions as found on follow-up T2W images. MRA revealed widespread abnormalities of the basal cerebral arteries compatible with brain perfusion abnormalities. In contrast, in acute stroke patients (N=14) the deficit of cerebral perfusion predicted the infarct lesion in the T2W images. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that in chronic cerebral ischemia the normal blood volume was maintained despite the depression of cerebral perfusion and recurring minor insults.     

3.0T磁敏感加权成像诊断脑梗死后脑出血的价值

目的：探讨3.0T磁敏感加权成像（SWI）对梗死后脑出血的诊断价值。方法：对50例急性脑梗死后疑有脑出血患者行CT检查,同时行MRI常规序列（T2WI、T1WI、DWI）扫描及SWI扫描,对检查结果进行统计学分析。结果：34例患者CT扫描证实为梗死后脑出血,SWI诊断脑出血34例,T2WI诊断19例,T1WI诊断21例,DWI诊断25例。SWI、T2WI、T1WI和DWI诊断梗死后脑出血的敏感度分别为100.0%、59.0%、61.4%和73.0%,特异度分别为100.0%、65.2%、68.0%和65.3%,阳性预测值分别为100.0%、68.1%、71.0%和75.4%,阴性预测值分别为100%、60.3%、57.2%和78.3%,约登指数（正确指数）分别为1.0、0.24、0.29和0.38。诊断试验秩和比法分析示SWI、T2WI、T1WI和DWI各序列的秩和比值（RSR）分别为1.0、0.3、0.5和0.7。结论：SWI诊断梗死后脑出血比MRI常规扫描序列具有更高的临床应用价值,可作为急性脑梗死及溶栓治疗后常规复查方法。     

MRI findings in osmotic myelinolysis

OBJECTIVES: Osmotic myelinolysis is a distinctive clinical syndrome with characteristic CT and MR features. This study was undertaken to determine the MR appearance of these lesions on T1 and T2-weighted, and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We describe six patients who presented with deranged serum sodium levels and subsequently developed osmotic myelinolysis. CT and MRI scans were retrospectively reviewed, including the advanced functional MR sequence of DWI with ADC mapping. RESULTS: Both cerebral white matter and pontine lesions were typically hypo and hyper-intense on T1 and T2W sequences respectively. Lesions were mildly hyperintense on isotropic DWI images with elevation of the ADC. CONCLUSION: MRI is superior to CT in depicting lesions in osmotic myelinolysis. DWI with ADC mapping suggests that osmotic myelinolysis is not simply a demyelinating disorder but has similarities to multiple sclerosis.     

1.5T场强MR动脉自旋标记灌注成像在脑梗死中的初步应用

目的：探讨采用1.5T场强MR动脉自旋标记灌注成像（ASL-PWI）评价脑梗死的可行性。方法：对34例临床和MRI发现脑梗死的患者行常规MRI、扩散加权成像（DWI）及ASL-PWI扫描,根据Adamas分类将急性脑梗死分为大面积和小面积2组,比较DWI和ASL-PWI上病变的范围,比较病变区CBF值（CBF病变）与对侧正常区CBF值（CBF正常）。结果：20例大面积脑梗死中5例ASL-PWI显示病灶范围较DWI大,9例两者显示范围相当,5例前者小于后者,1例未见异常灌注区;14例小面积脑梗死中6例显示低灌注区,7例未能明确显示低灌注区,1例灌注增强;除1例灌注增强病例CBF病变大于CBF正常外,其它均小于后者。结论：在1.5T磁场强度上应用ASL-PWI技术能基本反映脑梗死区血流灌注的改变,其严格的相关性及临床意义有待于进一步探索。     

肝细胞癌的低场MR征象分析(附33例报告)

目的分析肝细胞癌在低场MR的征象.方法收集33例手术病理证实的肝细胞癌的术前低场MR资料进行分析.结果1.肿瘤实质信号均匀区的信号配对主要分为三类1T1WI稍低、T2WI稍高信号18例;2T1WI等、T2WI稍高信号13例;3T1WI稍高、T2WI稍高信号2例.2.肿瘤实质内MR异常信号区1T1WI低、T2WI高信号(斑点状24例,片状9例,条状5例);2T1WI稍低、T2WI高信号(斑点状8例,片状2例,条状3例);3T1WI高、T2WI高信号(斑点状4例,片状2例);④T1WI低、T2WI低信号(斑点状5例,片状6例,条状2例).3.肿瘤边缘在T2WI上分三种1边缘清楚无分叶21例,其中11例可以见到"包膜征”;2边缘清楚伴分叶5例;3边缘不清7例.结论1低场MR中,肝细胞癌的肿瘤实质在T1WI可以是多种信号,缺乏特征性,但在T2WI均为稍高信号.2MR诊断肝细胞癌一定要有瘤内异常信号.3肝细胞癌的MR边缘部的形态应以T2WI为准,肿瘤边缘可以光滑清楚,也可以分叶状或边缘不清,"包膜征”有诊断意义.     

Prostate cancer detection with 3-T MRI: comparison of diffusion-weighted and T2-weighted imaging

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical value of diffusion-weighted (DW) and T2-weighted (T2W) imaging in detecting prostate cancer using a 3-Tesla (3T) magnetic resonance (MR) system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-seven patients with suspected prostate cancer underwent T2W and DW imaging at 3T using an 8-channel phased-array coil. These images and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were read retrospectively and blindly. The results were compared with histopathologic findings, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to compare the cancer detection performance of T2W and DW imaging. RESULTS: The areas under the ROC curves for DW imaging and T2W imaging were 0.89 and 0.82, respectively. The performance of DW imaging in prostate cancer detection was significantly better than that of T2W imaging (P=0.0371). CONCLUSION: With a 3T MR system, the performance of DW imaging in detecting prostate cancer was better than that of T2W imaging. DW imaging appears to be a robust and reliable method to examine the whole prostate within an acceptable scan time in clinical settings.     

Time course of lesion development in patients with acute brain stem infarction and correlation with NIHSS score

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is highly sensitive in detecting acute supratentorial cerebral ischemia and Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) lesion size has been shown to correlate strongly with the neurologic deficit in middle cerebral artery territory stroke. However, data concerning infratentorial strokes are rare. We examined the size and evolution of acute brain stem ischemic lesions and their relationship to neurological outcome. METHODS: brain stem infarctions of 11 patients were analyzed. We performed DWI in all patients and in 7/11 patients within 24 h, T2W sequences within the first 2 weeks (10/11 patients) and follow-up MRI (MR2) within 3-9 months (median 4.8 months) later (12/12 patients). Lesion volumes were compared with early and follow-up neurologic deficit as determined by National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score. RESULTS: the relative infarct volumes--with MR2 lesion size set to 100%--decreased over the time (P<0.02) with a mean shrinking factor of 3.3 between DWI (MR0) and the follow-up MRT (P<0.02), and 1.6 between early T2W (MR1) and MR2 (P<0.04). The mean DWI volume size (MR0) was larger than the early T2W (P<0.02). Although neurological outcome was good in all patients (mean NIHSS score of 1.3 at follow-up), early NIHSS and follow-up NIHSS scores were strongly correlated (r=0.9, P<0.00). NIHSS score at follow-up was highly correlated with lesion size of DWI (MR0; r=0.71, P<0.04) and T2W of MR1 (r=0.86, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: in this study, we saw a shrinking of the brain stem infarct volume according to clinical improvement of patients. Great extension of restricted diffusion in the acute stage does not necessarily implicate a large resulting infarction or a bad clinical outcome.