胆囊收缩素对记忆的影响

<正> 自70年代中期Vanderheaghen等人在哺乳类脑中发现胆囊收缩素(cholecystokinin,CCK)以来,大量的研究集中在CCK对中枢神经系统的效应上,实验已显示出CCK是哺乳类脑中含量最高的神经肽,对中枢神经系统的神经元有强烈的兴奋作用。近年来,除了CCK对痛觉、摄食行为、内分泌等方面有重要调节作用外,大量的研究表明这种脑-肠肽对记忆过程同样有重要的影响。     

胆囊收缩素临床研究进展

胆囊收缩素(cholecystokinin,CCK)是胃肠道及神经系统分泌的一种激素,它能够刺激胆囊收缩,促进胰腺分泌,本文就CCK的作用机制、临床应用及前景作一综述,希望为临床研究与诊疗提供部分理论依据.     

胆囊收缩素、促胰液素利胆机制的初步研究

胆囊收缩素、促胰液素利胆机制的初步研究陈萍，郑捷，陈原稼，陈元方（安徽省立医院干部病房，合肥２３０００１）中国图书分类号Ｒ９７５．５肝胆汁分为胆酸依赖性和胆酸非依赖性胆汁分泌，后者与细胞膜Ｎａ＋Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰ酶的活性密切相关，某些胃肠激素促进肝胆汁分泌...     

超声对针刺阳陵泉致胆囊收缩改变的疗效观察

本文对３０例均无胆胆囊病理改变之超声征象及临床表现的正常人、做针刺阳陵泉、后胆囊收缩状态的Ｂ型超声实验观察，以胆囊最大纵断面之容积做判定指标。结果显示，针刺阳陵泉１５－３０ｍｉｎ后，能引起胆囊收缩，其收缩效果确切。说明，针刺阳陵泉对胆囊收缩功能有一定改善作用。     

中药虎杖等对犬胆囊运动及血浆胆囊收缩素影响的实验研究

目的探讨治疗胆石症、胆囊炎中药方剂中常用的虎杖等单味中药对犬胆囊运动的影响及其机制。方法用B超测量灌服单味中药前后犬胆囊大小 ,并通过放免法测血浆中灌服中药前后胆囊收缩素 (cholecystokininCCK)含量。结果犬在灌服虎杖后胆囊明显收缩 ,CCK明显升高并且两者之间呈显著正相关。犬在灌服黄芩后胆囊明显收缩 ,血浆CCK无明显改变。犬在灌服延胡索及白芍后胆囊无明显改变 ,血浆CCK含量也无明显变化。结论虎杖通过增加犬血浆中CCK含量使胆囊明显收缩。黄芩可使犬胆囊明显收缩 ,但对CCK无明显影响。延胡索、白芍对犬胆囊大小及血浆CCK均无明显影响     

胆囊切除术前后肝外胆管直径变化与胆囊收缩素关系的临床研究

目的探讨胆囊切除术前后肝外胆管直径长度变化及与血浆中胆囊收缩素(CCK)的关系。方法用随机取样法,随机选取80例符合实验研究要求的慢性胆囊炎胆囊结石患者为实验组,同时随机选取20例体检合格的健康者为对照组,利用B超来测定肝外胆管直径的长度。利用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA),来测定血浆CCK的浓度,对比两组肝外胆管直径长度与血清CCK浓度变化的差异及实验组术后3和6个月时CCK浓度和肝外胆管直径长度的差异,并进行准确记录,统计学分析及相关性分析。结果实验组较对照组的CCK浓度和肝外胆管直径有显著性差异(P<0.05);实验组术后3个月的肝外胆管直径较术前增大,CCK浓度也增加,与术前有差异,均有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组术后6个月肝外胆管直径有明显的回缩,CCK浓度降低,与术前差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论胆囊结石患者的血浆CCK浓度和肝外胆管直径均显著高于健康对照者。胆囊切除术前后血浆CCK浓度和肝外胆管直径也呈现显著的动态变化,而且,肝外胆管直径与血浆CCK浓度也有显著的正相关性。     

胆囊收缩素-8对高血压大鼠脑出血后核因子-κB活性的影响

目的：探讨胆囊收缩素-8（cholecystokinin-8,CCK-8）对高血压性大鼠脑出血后血肿周围组织核因子-κB （ Necular Factor Kappa B ,NF-κB）活性的影响。方法取成年SD大鼠72只,体重250～300 g,随机分假手术组（ n ＝12）、脑出血组（ n ＝24）和CCK-8治疗组（ n ＝24）。采用电泳迁移率改变分析方法（electrophoretic mobility shift assay , EMSA）检测核内NF-κB的活性,用免疫组化方法观察NF-κB在细胞内的表达情况,并用干湿重法测量出血侧脑组织含水量。结果脑出血组各时间点NF-κB的活性以及脑含水量较假手术组和CCK-8治疗均有明显增高（ P ＜0妹．05）。结论脑出血后,脑组织NF-κB的表达明显增加,CCK-8可以有效的抑制NF-κB的活性,这对于减轻NF-κB在脑出血后介导的继发性炎性损害起到了积极的作用。     

西格列汀对肥胖大鼠血清内脏脂肪素水平的影响研究

目的 观察西格列汀对肥胖大鼠代谢指标及血清内脏脂肪素水平的影响。方法 40只SD大鼠随机分为普通饲料喂养组(ND组,n=10)和高脂饲料喂养组(HD组,n=30)。16周后HD组成功建立肥胖模型(n=16),并随机分为肥胖对照组(OB组,n=8)和西格列汀干预组(SITA组,n=8)。分别测定干预前后各组大鼠体质量(BW)、空腹血糖(FBG)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TCH)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)及血清内脏脂肪素水平,计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)。结果 干预前,HD组的BW、FBG、TG、TCH、LDL-C、FINS、HOMA-IR、内脏脂肪素高于ND组,HDL-C低于ND组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后,SITA组FBG、TG、TCH、LDL-C、FINS、HOMA-IR低于OB组,HDL-C高于OB组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。血清内脏脂肪素与BW、FBG、FINS、HOMA-IR、TCH、LDL-C呈正相关,与HDL-C呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论 高脂饮食诱导肥胖大鼠模型出现糖脂代谢紊乱及胰岛素抵抗,血清内脏脂肪素水平明显增加,西格列汀能下调血清内脏脂肪素水平,改善糖脂代谢,减轻胰岛素抵抗。     

肥胖青少年非酒精性脂肪肝脂代谢异常与胰岛素、瘦素的相关性

目的探讨肥胖青少年非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)的血清脂代谢特点与血清胰岛素、瘦素水平的关系。方法将64例体重指数(BMI)≥27的10～20岁肥胖青少年分为NAFLD组(31例)和单纯肥胖组(33例),以32例18.5相似文献   

Reduced hypotensive effect of clonidine after lesions of the nucleus tractus solitarii in rats

Bilateral electrolytic lesion of the area of the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) in rats produced a sustained increase in blood pressure and reduced the hypotensive response to a single dose of clonidine (30 μg/kg, i.v.). The same dose of clonidine evoked a much larger drop in blood pressure in another group of rats in which an equivalent increase in blood pressure was produced by bilateral section of the vagosympathetic trunks and occlusion of both carotid arteries. It is concluded that the dorsal part of the medulla oblongata in the area of NTS is an important link in the hypotensive action of clonidine.     

Effect of lesions of the nucleus tractus solitarii on the cardiovascular actions of clonidine in conscious rats.

Clonidine has been postulated to produce cardiovascular effects, the most noticeable of which are hypotension and bradycardia, by interaction with the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS), a cranial nucleus in the dorsal medulla. The experiments reported herein, examined the effects of clonidine (30 μg/kg, i.v.) prior to and following bilateral electrolytic lesioning of the NTS. The studies were performed in conscious, spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Clonidine produced marked hypotension and bradycardia in conscious, NTS-intact SHR. Intact WKY exhibited a biphasic response to clonidine with an initial hypertension preceeding a moderate decrease in blood pressure. Heart rate responded similarly to the SHR. Lesioning of the NTS, in both SHR and WKY, induced hypertension. Virtual abolition of the hypotension and bradycardia to clonidine was noted in lesioned SHR upon subsequent administration of clonidine. Nucleus tractus solitarii lesioning in WKY did not significantly alter clonidine-induced hypotension; however, the initial hypertensive phase was abolished following lesioning and bradycardia was blunted. These results indicate that the NTS plays an important role in the mediation of both the hypotension and bradycardia seen with clonidine in SHR. The differing responses of SHR and WKY to clonidine after NTS lesions may also indicate altered functional roles for the NTS in these two strains.     

复方葛根胶囊对肥胖大鼠体质量血脂及胰岛素瘦素水平的影响

目的中药葛根提取物葛根素与葡萄糖耐量因子(GTF)均参与并调节糖代谢和脂代谢,观察其对饮食诱导肥胖大鼠的影响。方法将肥胖模型大鼠按体质量随机分为5组,每组12只。分为模型组,阳性药组,复方葛根胶囊小、中、大剂量组,另设基础对照组。同时给药4周,测定每周体质量、血脂、血清胰岛素、血清瘦素水平。结果给予复方葛根胶囊4周,肥胖大鼠的体质量增长减慢,甘油三酯、总胆固醇水平降低,高密度脂蛋白水平升高,血清胰岛素、血清瘦素水平降低。结论复方葛根胶囊可缓解肥胖大鼠的体质量增长,降低血脂水平,改善胰岛素抵抗、瘦素抵抗。     

Effect of paraoxon on cholinesterase activity in certain brain regions of diabetic rats

The effect of paraoxon on the acetylcholinesterase activity of the cerebral cortex and corpus striatum of normal and diabetic rats has been determined. Paraoxon produced significantly less inhibition of cholinesterase activity in diabetic than in normal animals. The administration of insulin along with paraoxon restored the cholinesterase-inhibiting effect to the normal level. Paraoxon in both normal and diabetic rats produced a relatively greater degree of inhibition of cholinesterase activity in the striatum than in the cerebral cortex.     

Cholecystokinin, amphetamine and diazepam and feeding in lean and obese Zucker rats.

The hyperphagia characteristic of some types of obesity may result from a deficiency in one or more components of the systems controlling satiety which in rats may include the gastrointestinal hormone cholecystokinin (CCK). Obesity may also influence responsivity to often used central nervous system (CNS)-acting drugs and combination of drugs. In these experiments it was shown that: (1) Zucker fatty rats were less sensitive than lean to intraperitoneal injections of 20 U/kg CCK after a 6-hr fast and when reduced were less sensitive than lean and less sensitive than when obese to injections of 5 U/kg CCK; (2) Although fatties were equally sensitive as leans to injections of 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg d-amphetamine sulfate, when reduced, they were less sensitive; (3) Injections of 1.25 and 2.5 mg/kg diazepam produced smaller increases in food intake after a 6-hr fast in fatty and reduced fatty than lean rats; (4) Combination of diazepam with cholecystokinin in both fatty and lean rats produced feeding similar to that following injection of carrier; and (5) A similar additive effect was obtained in both fatty and lean rats when diazepam was combined with amphetamine; however, the fatty appeared to be more sensitive to the amphetamine than the diazepam effect. Thus the Zucker fatty rat appears to be less sensitive to these chemicals which affect food intake, which supports the contention that their CNS is generally less responsive.     

针刺对IDDM大鼠治疗作用的初步观察

目的：应用四氧嘧啶尾静脉注射制作胰岛素依赖性糖尿病（IDDM）大鼠模型,观察针刺对IDDM的治疗作用。方法：将30只Winster大鼠随机分成正常组、模型对照组、针刺治疗组,治疗组每天进行针刺治疗。10天后,测定空腹血糖变化及该模型血脂、血清胰岛素、胰岛组织学的变化。结果：针刺能使IDDM大鼠血糖水平下降、血清胰岛素水平增高、血脂含量降低、促进胰岛B细胞合成和分泌胰岛素。结论：提示针刺疗法可以对IDDM起到一定的治疗作用。     

针药结合对急性脑梗死患者血浆降钙素基因相关肽水平的影响

目的 观察针药结合对急性脑梗死患者血浆降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)水平的影响.方法 90例急性脑梗死患者随机分为针药组(45例)和药物组(45例).两组患者治疗前、治疗后1个月检测血浆CGRP水平及观察临床疗效.结果 针药组总有效率91.1%(41/45)明显高于药物组总有效率77.8%(36/45),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).治疗后两组血浆CGRP水平较治疗前明显升高(P<0.05),且针药组明显高于药物组(P<0.05).结论 针药结合具有降低急性脑梗死患者的神经细胞损伤作用,且可能与其调节患者CGRP水平有关.     

针刺干预缺血性脑卒中大鼠脑内髓鞘碱性蛋白基因的表达

目的观察急性缺血性脑卒中大鼠脑内髓鞘碱性蛋白(MBP)基因的表达情况,探讨针刺疗法干预急性缺血性脑卒中病理过程的机制。方法采用缺血性脑卒中大鼠模型,应用反转录-聚合酶链反应半定量法,观察比较正常组与缺血性脑卒中对照组、早期针刺组、晚期针刺组缺血后1、3、5、7d的MBP基因表达的变化。结果对照组MBP基因的表达随时间先减少后增多,早、晚期针刺组MBP基因的表达不断增强,但早期针刺组增强效果更明显。结论针刺对缺血性脑损伤的保护效应可能与促进脑内MBP基因的表达进而促进髓鞘的再生有关。