RPR持续阳性梅毒患者脑脊液梅毒抗体与外周血细胞免疫的相关性研究

目的检测经过治疗但RPR持续阳性两年以上无神经损害临床表现的梅毒患者脑脊液中梅毒抗体与外周血淋巴细胞亚群,并探讨其相关性.方法应用梅毒血清学试验等方法对46例HIV阴性的这类梅毒患者的脑脊液进行梅毒抗体检测;同时应用流式细胞仪检测这些患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群,并与5例未治神经梅毒的脑脊液进行梅毒抗体检测结果和30例健康人群的外周血检测结果相对照.结果46例患者脑脊液中,有12例(27.39%)存在梅毒抗体,5例神经梅毒的脑脊液均存在梅毒抗体.患者外周血CD3 、CD4 T细胞及自然杀伤细胞与健康人群的检测结果差异无显著性(P＞0.05),而CD8 T细胞明显高于对照组,差异有显著性(P＜0.001);脑脊液梅毒抗体阳性和阴性梅毒患者之间,外周血淋巴细胞亚群检测结果差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论经过治疗但RPR持续阳性梅毒患者脑脊液存在梅毒抗体,表明部分患者存在无症状神经梅毒;经过常规治疗但RPR持续阳性梅毒患者存在细胞免疫缺陷;无症状神经梅毒与外周血细胞免疫异常无明显的相关性.     

梅毒患者脑脊液检测的意义

目的：观察梅毒患者无症状神经梅毒发生情况，并探讨其意义。方法：对126例HIV阴性梅毒患者的脑脊液进行常规、梅毒暗视野检查、聚合酶链反应(PCR)及梅毒抗体检测。结果：在126例患者脑脊液中，常规检测发现82例(65．08％)蛋白升高，41例(32．54％)葡萄糖升高，未发现红细胞和白细胞；TP—PCR及梅毒暗视野检查均阴性；有42例(33．33％)梅毒患者脑脊液至少存在一种至一种以上梅毒抗体。结论：梅毒患者脑脊液存在异常，未经治疗梅毒患者脑脊液梅毒抗体检出率，高于经数疗程驱梅治疗但RPR持续阳性一年以上梅毒患者脑脊液梅毒抗体检出率。表明部分患者存在无症状神经梅毒，并可能与RPR持续阳性有关。     

36例神经梅毒临床资料分析

对我院2010-2019年收治的36例HIV阴性的神经梅毒患者资料进行回顾性分析。36例患者中男29例,女7例;平均年龄49岁;无症状神经梅毒9例,平均年龄(36.07±8.05)岁,症状性神经梅毒27例,平均年龄(58.12±13.33)岁,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001);脑脊液检查示:TPPA阳性36例,RPR阳性21例;白细胞升高13例;蛋白阳性24例。症状性神经梅毒组脑脊液白细胞计数、蛋白质阳性率、RPR阳性率和蛋白质定量水平高于无症状神经梅毒组,差异均有统计学意义(P=0.005;P=0.036;P=0.019;P=0.002)。     

梅毒螺旋体IgM抗体对于神经梅毒的诊断意义

目的　探讨检测脑脊液中梅毒螺旋体IgM抗体对于神经梅毒的诊断意义。 方法　神经梅毒组 2 1例 ,以无神经系统被累的各期梅毒组 2 8例、非梅毒组 2 8例为对照。对三组患者腰穿取脑脊液 ,采用抗体捕获酶联免疫吸附分析技术 ,进行梅毒螺旋体IgM抗体检测。 结果　神经梅毒组脑脊液Tp IgM检测的阳性率为 71.4% ,两对照组则均为 0 ,差异有高度显著性 (u =5 .3 7,P <0 .0 1)。脑脊液Tp IgM试验、VDRL/RPR试验在神经梅毒组的阳性率分别为 71.4%、3 3 .3 % ,差异有显著性 (χ2 =4.90 ,P <0 .0 5 )。结论　脑脊液Tp IgM检测有助于神经梅毒的诊断 ,无症状神经梅毒的脑脊液Tp IgM检测也可以呈阳性结果。     

神经梅毒9例临床分析

目的分析神经梅毒的临床特征,探讨其诊断及治疗。方法回顾性分析9例神经梅毒患者的临床和实验室资料。结果9例患者中男7例,女2例,7例男性患者有非婚性生活史,2例女性患者其配偶有梅毒。9例患者血清、脑脊液RPR及TPHA均阳性。青霉素是治疗首选。结论神经梅毒根据不同类型有多种发病形式,首诊易误诊及忽视,血清和脑脊液梅毒抗体检查阳性可确诊。青霉素为首选治疗药物。     

脑脊液异常的14例梅毒患者临床分析

目的探讨神经梅毒的诊断及脑脊液检查在神经梅毒诊断中的重要性。方法回顾性分析14例梅毒患者临床特点及脑脊液检查结果。结果确诊神经梅毒7例,疑似神经梅毒3例,排除神经梅毒4例。脑脊液检查RPR阳性7例,TPHA阳性13例。脑脊液白细胞计数增高8例,蛋白质测定增高10例。结论神经梅毒诊断无金标准,均需根据临床表现、血清学试验、脑脊液检查及放射学扫描综合判断。部分病例诊断困难。脑脊液检查在神经梅毒诊断中具有不可缺失的重要地位。     

神经梅毒合并银屑病1例

报告1例神经梅毒合并银屑病。患者,男,58岁,因"记忆力下降10年"就诊,1月前在外院复查,发现梅毒非特异性抗体定量实验1∶160阳性。此次入院检查梅毒非特异性抗体(RPR)1∶2阳性,梅毒确证试验(凝集法)阳性。脑脊液常规:红细胞0.006×106/μL,潘台氏蛋白阴性,白细胞12.00×106/L;脑脊液乳酸脱氢酶测定:乳酸脱氢酶24.0 U/L;脑脊液生化:钠149.4 mmol/L,氯126.0 mmol/L,葡萄糖3.9 mmol/L,脑脊液蛋白873.0 mg/L;脑脊液梅毒抗体定量(RPR非特异性抗体):阴性,梅毒确证试验(凝集法)阳性。皮肤科情况:躯干、四肢散在暗红色圆形、椭圆形浸润性斑块,大小不一,部分相融合成片,上覆银白色鳞屑。     

神经梅毒合并银屑病1例

报告1例神经梅毒合并银屑病。患者,男,58岁,因"记忆力下降10年"就诊,1月前在外院复查,发现梅毒非特异性抗体定量实验1∶160阳性。此次入院检查梅毒非特异性抗体(RPR)1∶2阳性,梅毒确证试验(凝集法)阳性。脑脊液常规:红细胞0.006×106/μL,潘台氏蛋白阴性,白细胞12.00×106/L;脑脊液乳酸脱氢酶测定:乳酸脱氢酶24.0 U/L;脑脊液生化:钠149.4 mmol/L,氯126.0 mmol/L,葡萄糖3.9 mmol/L,脑脊液蛋白873.0 mg/L;脑脊液梅毒抗体定量(RPR非特异性抗体):阴性,梅毒确证试验(凝集法)阳性。皮肤科情况:躯干、四肢散在暗红色圆形、椭圆形浸润性斑块,大小不一,部分相融合成片,上覆银白色鳞屑。     

3种梅毒非特异性试剂检测脑脊液的结果分析

目的通过用3种试剂对患者脑脊液进行梅毒非特异性试验结果的分析,优选出神经梅毒的诊断试剂。方法使用VDRL1,VDRL2和RPR试剂同时对140例梅毒患者脑脊液标本进行梅毒非特异性试验。结果 140例脑脊液标本,检出TPPA阳性且VDRL或RPR定性阳性的合计26例,VDRL2和VDRL1,VDRL2和RPR定性实验结果比较,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论用脑脊液检查进行神经梅毒的诊断和鉴别诊断时,RPR不能代替VDRL,且VDRL2优于VDRL1,建议使用VDRL试剂2。     

脑脊液异常的102例梅毒并发HIV感染患者临床分析

目的:分析梅毒并发HIV感染患者的临床表现、颅脑核磁共振成像、实验室检查、治疗和预后。方法:收集该院2014年8月--2017年11月收治的102例脑脊液检查异常的梅毒患者,将其临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:102例梅毒患者中男97例,女5例;平均发病年龄(45±3)岁。所有患者HIV初筛及确证试验均为阳性,确诊神经梅毒者51例,排除神经梅毒者51例。所有患者血清快速血浆反应素试验(RPR)及梅毒螺旋体颗粒凝集试验(TPPA)均为阳性。脑脊液检查:35例RPR阳性,98例TPPA阳性,56例梅毒螺旋体(TP)-IgM试验为阳性,29例蛋白定量升高,10例WBC计数≥1.0×10^9/L。51例确诊神经梅毒患者中,一期及二期梅毒并发HIV发展为神经梅毒患者比例为14.7%,平均时间为9个月。结论:一期或二期梅毒并发HIV患者比早期梅毒未经治疗或未治疗彻底的患者更易引起神经梅毒,脑脊液TP-IgM阳性率较高,早期梅毒并发HIV感染患者建议行脑脊液TP-IgM检查。     

规范驱梅治疗后RPR持续阳性的梅毒孕妇154例临床分析

目的探讨规范驱梅治疗后RPR持续阳性的孕妇是否需要终止妊娠和血清固定孕妇是否需要接受孕期驱梅治疗。方法按RPR持续阳性时间将154例梅毒孕妇分为3组,6个月~1年为I组,(1~2)年为Ⅱ组,2年以上为Ⅲ组(血清固定),进行回顾性分析。结果17例孕妇终止妊娠,继续妊娠孕妇分娩新生儿137例。所有新生儿经过随访,均未出现梅毒临床表现,RPR随访2年均可转阴,其中先天梅毒2例,出生时19s-IgM阳性1例,用苄星青霉素规范治疗后随访11月转阴;2年后随访TPPA仍阳性1例,用苄星青霉素规范治疗,现仍在随访中。10例低滴度血清固定孕妇,孕期未接受驱梅治疗,均成功分娩正常新生儿。结论规范驱梅治疗后RPR持续阳性梅毒孕妇可不终止妊娠,低滴度血清固定孕妇可以在密切监测的情况下不进行妊娠期内驱梅治疗。     

Effect of early and late syphilis on central nervous system: cerebrospinal fluid changes and neurological deficit.

Neurological examination and investigation of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was performed on 24 patients with early and 180 patients with late syphilis. In 21 (12%) patients with late syphilis positive CSF treponemal test results and neurological deficits suggestive of symptomatic neurosyphilis were found. Concomitantly all but three patients with neurosyphilis showed one or more of the following abnormal CSF variables: CSF concentration of albumin X 10(3)/serum concentration (albumin ratio) greater than or equal to 7.9; mononuclear cells greater than 5 microliters: ratio of CSF to serum IgG concentrations/ratio of CSF to serum albumin concentrations (IgG index) greater than or equal to 0.7 or of IgM/albumin (IgM index) greater than or equal to 0.1; or oligoclonal CSF immunoglobulins. In 20 (95%) patients with neurosyphilis evidence of the production of treponemal antibodies within the central nervous system (CNS) was shown. Ten (48%) patients with neurosyphilis had been treated previously for late syphilis. These observations emphasise the need to screen for neurosyphilis in patients with late syphilis. Intrathecal production of treponemal antibodies was detected in six (25%) patients with early and 44 (28%) with late syphilis who did not show any neurological deficit. Intrathecal production of treponemal antibodies indicating that the CNS was affected led us to suspect asymptomatic neurosyphilis in these patients. Seventeen (11%) patients with late syphilis but no neurosyphilis and only one (4%) with early syphilis showed additional abnormal CSF variables. Surprisingly, six out of 22 patients with treated early and 20 out of 68 patients with treated late syphilis showed evidence of treponema antibody production within the CNS. We do not know whether these findings indicate that the CNS was affected because of inadequate treatment or merely reflect persistent synthesis of treponemal antibodies associated with cured infection. In one (4%) patient with early and in 21 (13%) with late syphilis but no neurosyphilis abnormal CSF variables in the absence of positive CSF treponemal test results were observed, which excluded syphilitic inflammation of the CNS.     

HIV and syphilis: when to perform a lumbar puncture

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to determine predictive factors for neurosyphilis in HIV-infected patients with syphilis and optimize the use of lumbar puncture. STUDY DESIGN: The authors reviewed 112 cases of HIV-infected patients with syphilis who underwent a lumbar puncture. Diagnosis of neurosyphilis was based on a cerebrospinal fluid white blood cells count > or =20/microL, and/or a reactive cerebrospinal fluid-Venereal Disease Research Laboratory, and/or a positive intrathecal T. pallidum antibody (ITPA) index. RESULTS: Twenty-six of 112 had neurosyphilis. Neurologic manifestations and serum rapid plasma reagin (RPR) were associated with neurosyphilis (P = 0.036, P = 0.018, respectively). In multivariate analysis, log(2)RPR was still associated with neurosyphilis (P = 0.005). In patients without neurologic manifestations, the risk of neurosyphilis increases gradually with log(2)RPR. A serum RPR of 1/32 seems to be the best cutoff point to decide the performance or not of a lumbar puncture (sensitivity 100%, specificity 40%). CONCLUSION: In HIV-infected patients with syphilis, lumbar puncture could be restricted to those with neurologic manifestations or a serum RPR > or =1/32.     

神经梅毒合并HIV阳性患者的脑脊液及血液指标分析

目的：探讨脑脊液实验室检测在神经梅毒合并HIV阳性患者中的诊断价值及血清快速血浆反应素试验（rapid plasma reagent test, RPR）滴度、CD4+T细胞计数在神经梅毒腰穿指征中的应用。方法：收集2015年1月至2019年12月就诊于北京佑安医院的梅毒合并HIV阳性患者106例,采集脑脊液(cerebrospinal fluid, CSF)进行脑脊液白细胞（CSF-WBC）、脑脊液蛋白（CSF-protein）及脑脊液梅毒螺旋体颗粒凝集试验(treponema pallidum particle assay, TPPA)、RPR滴度检测,采集血液进行RPR滴度、CD4+T细胞计数检测,根据神经梅毒的诊断分神经梅毒组和非神经梅毒组,对两组的脑脊液检测结果、血清RPR滴度及CD4+T细胞计数检测结果进行分析。结果：106例梅毒合并HIV阳性患者中神经梅毒发病率为33.02%,CSF-RPR及CSF-TPPA对HIV阳性梅毒患者发生神经梅毒的诊断敏感性为68.57％和97.14％,特异性为92.96％和49.29％;CSF-WBC和CSF-protein的ROC（受试者工作特征曲线）分析曲线下面积（area under curve, AUC）分别为0.911和0.913,CSF-WBC为10.5/μL、CSF-protein为272.15 mg/L时,约登指数最大;血清RPR≥1∶16患者发生神经梅毒的几率是血清RPR<1∶16患者的1.52倍（OR 1.52,CI 1.14～2.04,P<0.05）,CD4+T细胞≤350个/μL发生神经梅毒的几率为CD4+ T细胞>350个/μL患者的2.37倍（OR 2.37, 95％ CI 1.64～3.41,P<0.05）。结论：HIV阳性患者神经梅毒的发病率较高,CSF-RPR对HIV阳性患者发生神经梅毒具有较高的诊断价值,血清RPR滴度≥1∶16和CD4+T≤350个/μL,是HIV阳性患者神经梅毒的危险因素。     

71例症状性神经梅毒临床分析

目的:分析症状性神经梅毒的临床表现及实验室检查结果.方法:回顾分析2014年3月至2019年1月本院诊治的症状性神经梅毒患者的临床资料.数据资料统计学分析采用SPSS 17.0软件.结果:共分析71例症状性神经梅毒患者,男52例,女19例,年龄23～71岁.20例(28.2％)有明确梅毒史,12例血清RPR滴度≤1:4...     

非梅毒螺旋体血清学试验持续阳性梅毒患者神经梅毒发生情况及影响因素分析

目的 探讨正规治疗后非梅毒螺旋体（Tp）血清学试验持续阳性梅毒患者的神经梅毒发生情况及相关危险因素。 方法 回顾性分析248例正规治疗后非Tp血清学试验持续阳性梅毒患者的临床资料。用单因素分析、多因素logistic回归分析及ROC曲线法检测可用于预测神经梅毒的临床指标。 结果 248例患者中25例（10.1%）诊断为神经梅毒。单因素分析显示,血甲苯胺红不加热血清试验（TRUST）下降程度（χ2 = 20.663,P < 0.05）、血TRUST持续阳性滴度（Z = -7.021,P < 0.05）与神经梅毒发生有关,而性别、年龄、梅毒分期、治疗方案、初次就诊时血TRUST滴度、有无神经系统症状与神经梅毒无显著相关性（均P > 0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析显示,血TRUST持续阳性滴度是神经梅毒的相关危险因素（OR = 4.685,95% CI = 2.552 ～ 8.601,P < 0.05）。绘制血TRUST持续阳性滴度的ROC曲线下面积为0.907,最佳临界滴度为1 ∶ 8。 结论 正规治疗后,血清TRUST滴度对于预测神经梅毒有一定意义。     

Diagnosis of neurosyphilis: appraisal of clinical caseload.

OBJECTIVES: To review the management of a cohort of patients with positive treponemal serology and psychiatric and/or neurological disorders. METHODS: A retrospective case note review of 172 patients with positive treponemal serology attending the Patrick Clement's Clinic, Central Middlesex Hospital between December 1990 and November 1995 was performed. RESULTS: 101 men and 71 women were new attenders diagnosed with positive treponemal serology. A neurological problem was identified in 27 patients (12 women and 15 men) with psychiatric and/or neurological disorders, of whom 20 (six women and 14 men) underwent investigation of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). With the medical history and results of CSF-RPR and FTA tests, white cell count (WCC), and total protein level in the CSF, 10 patients (eight men and two women) were diagnosed with likely neurosyphilis and 17 with neurological disorders not thought to be caused by syphilis. The clinical features in those having neurosyphilis were sensorineural hearing loss (n = 5) and tabes dorsalis (n = 5). In the seven patients diagnosed with neurosyphilis who underwent CSF examination one patient had a reactive CSF-FTA, elevated protein, and elevated WCC; one patient had a reactive CSF-FTA and RPR with elevated protein; the total protein only was elevated in three cases and the WCC elevated in one case. Nine of the 10 patients with neurosyphilis received adequate neurosyphilitic treatment; one patient was lost to follow up. CONCLUSIONS: The management of patients with positive treponemal serology and psychiatric and/or neurological disorders was consistent. Patients with suspected neurosyphilis or patients with neurological signs compatible with neurosyphilis (who did not undergo CSF examination) were treated with adequate neurosyphilitic therapy.