腹腔镜下经胆囊管纤维胆道镜取石术治疗胆总管结石的临床研究北大核心CSCD

腹腔镜胆道探查术相比较经内镜乳头括约肌切开术（endoscopic sphincterotomy,EST）在保留Oddi括约肌功能方面有很大优势,同时许多学者还认为,无论是开腹还是腹腔镜胆道探查取石,都应首选经胆囊管途径.我们在腹腔镜胆囊切除（laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC）术中应用纤维胆道镜经胆囊管入路对28例患者施行胆总管探查取石术,其中直接置入胆道镜探查取石25例;经胆囊管胆总管汇合处切开胆总管探查取石3例,效果满意.现报道如下.     

腹腔镜联合内镜微创手术治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床观察

目的探讨腹腔镜联合内镜微创手术治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的疗效。方法回顾性分析95例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石病人行腹腔镜联合内镜微创手术治疗的临床资料。结果本组63例先行十二指肠镜下乳头括约肌切开术(endoscopic sphincterotomy,EST)治疗,其中59例成功行EST+腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC),但术中并发十二指肠乳头少量出血2例,术后发生胆道感染1例,出现可疑十二指肠漏1例;4例EST取石失败后1周内改开腹手术,术后并发腹腔感染1例,胆漏1例。23例顺利行LC+腹腔镜胆总管探查取石术,其中腹腔镜胆囊管探查取石5例,腹腔镜胆总管切开取石18例。9例因疑诊胆总管结石而先行LC,术后2~4 d再行EST。术后随访6~12个月,均未出现反流性胆管炎、乳头狭窄等并发症,无胆管结石残留。结论腹腔镜联合内镜微创手术治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石效果满意。     

内镜腹腔镜联合治疗胆总管结石150例报告

目的:探讨内镜腹腔镜联合治疗胆总管结石的价值。方法:回顾性分析150例胆总管结石患者经内镜腹腔镜联合治疗的临床资料。结果:本组患者全部治愈。120例患者接受了十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术(endoscopic sphicterotomy,EST)和十二指肠逆行胰胆管造影术(endoscapic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP);30例患者接受了腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)+腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术(laparoscopic choledocholithotomy T-tube drainage,LCTD)。结论:内镜腹腔镜联合治疗胆总管结石优于传统手术,在具备较高内镜、腹腔镜技术水平的条件下是安全可行的,且可作为首选方式。     

腹腔镜内窥镜治疗胆总管结石两种术式的临床分析

随着腔镜、内镜技术的迅速发展和应用范围的不断扩大,传统的开腹胆总管切开探查取石术逐渐被微创手术替代.目前常用的是腹腔镜胆总管切开探查取石术(laparoscopic common bile duct exploration,LCBDE)和内镜下十二指肠乳头括约肌切开取石术( endoscopic sphincterotomy,EST).我们于2006年8月至2010年12月采用LCBDE及EST两种微创手术治疗的胆总管结石病305例.本文对两种手术方式治疗胆总管结石的临床效果进行对比评价,旨在探寻不同病情胆总管结石患者更为合理、安全的手术方式.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中隐匿性胆总管结石的微创治疗

目的：探讨对腹腔镜胆囊切除术（ laparoscopic cholecystectomy ,LC）中隐匿性胆总管结石行微创治疗的可行性。方法2007年7月-2012年5月对27例LC术中发现的隐匿性胆总管结石采用微创治疗。胆囊管内径＞5 mm者经胆囊管胆道镜取石;胆总管内径＞6 mm者行胆囊管汇入胆总管处微切开后胆道镜取石,一期缝合或留置造影管;胆囊管内径≤5 mm、胆总管内径≤6 mm者直接留置造影管,术后再次造影,必要时行十二指肠镜乳头括约肌切开（ endoscopic sphincterotomy ,EST）取石。结果手术均获成功。8例直接经胆囊管胆道镜取石;11例行胆囊管汇入胆总管处微切开后胆道镜取石,一期缝合7例,留置造影管4例,1周后造影均阴性;8例直接留置造影管,1例术后36 h滑出,1周后ERCP造影胆囊管残端无渗漏,EST取石,术后1周再次造影3例结石消失,4例仍有结石,均经EST取出。无出血、胆漏、腹腔感染等并发症。24例随访6-24个月,平均16个月,无结石残留、胆管狭窄及胆管炎发生。结论熟练运用腹腔镜、胆道镜、十二指肠镜技术,对LC术中发现的隐匿性胆总管结石实施微创治疗是安全、可行的。     

微创时代胆总管结石的治疗选择

目的比较腹腔镜胆总管探查取石术（LCBDE）和内镜下十二指肠括约肌切开取石术（EST）治疗胆总管结石的临床效果及医疗费用。方法回顾性分析150例胆总管结石患者经腹腔镜胆总管探查取石术或经内镜十二指肠乳头切开取石术治疗的临床资料。结果本组患者全部治愈。120例患者接受了十二指肠括约肌切开取石术,25例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者接受了腹腔镜胆囊切除＋胆总管切开取石术,5例胆囊切除手术史的胆总管结石患者接受了腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术。结论腹腔镜胆总管探查取石术及内镜十二指肠乳头括约切开取石术优于传统手术,但胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者更适宜腹腔镜手术,有胆囊或胆道手术史的胆总管结石患者更适宜于经内镜途径手术。     

复杂病情下的胆总管结石110例临床报道

目的:探讨复杂病情下的胆总管结石患者的手术方法及治疗原则.方法:总结我院1992年～2012年共计20年间,开展的复杂病情下胆总管结石110例的治疗经验.结果:术前B超诊断发现胆总管结石88例,术中探查发现22例.其中92例顺利完成胆总管切开取石,5例切开取石术的患者在完成手术后发现胆总管残留结石,经过再次手术取出结石.1 3例完成乳头括约肌外切开取石术(endoscopic sphincterotomy,EST),肝肠吻合4例,胆肠吻合9例.T管引流术(laparoscopic choledocholithotomy T□tube drainage,LCTD)102例,出现胆漏21例,经引流、保守治疗治愈.结论:复杂病情下的胆总管结石需要综合的严谨手术方案,没有固定的术式,引流通畅的重要性大于取出结石,“外包裹”术式对吻合成功甚为关键.     

两镜法治疗胆囊合并胆总管结石36例疗效分析

目的探讨十二指肠镜乳头括约肌切开术(endoscopic sphincterotomy, EST)联合腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy, LC)治疗胆囊合并总胆管结石的疗效. 方法胆囊合并胆总管结石36例,首先经EST取出胆管结石,然后采用LC切除胆囊. 结果 EST成功34例(94.4%); 失败2例,均因胆管末端狭窄,开腹行胆管空肠吻合术治愈.腹腔镜手术34例,成功32例(94.1%),2例中转开腹. 结论 EST联合LC是治疗胆囊合并胆管结石的优选术式,EST失败者主要原因为胆管狭窄,应首选胆管空肠吻合术.     

腹腔镜联合内镜治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的诊治进展

<正>胆囊结石合并胆总管结石(common bile duct stone,CBDS)占胆道结石的10%~33%,不同年龄患病率有一定差异[1]。开腹手术行胆囊切除联合胆总管切开取石或内镜下乳头括约肌切开术(endoscopic sphincterotomy,EST)是该病的标准治疗方案。在过去的10余年里,腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)已经取代开腹胆     

十二指肠镜联合腹腔镜治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石

目的:探讨内镜十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术(endoscopic sphincterotomy,EST)或内镜十二指肠乳头球囊扩张术(endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation,EPBD)联合腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)同期治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的可行性。方法:2014年1月至2015年12月为75例胆总管结石合并胆囊结石患者行EST或EPBD取石成功后改全麻下行三孔法LC。结果:71例成功施行EST或EPBD联合LC同期手术,成功率94.7%。2例患者EST成功后因胆囊与周围组织形成致密粘连中转开腹行胆囊切除术;2例患者EST取石未成功改LC+胆总管切开胆道镜取石T管引流术。术后2例患者出现急性胰腺炎,2例患者出现十二指肠乳头出血,均经保守治疗后痊愈;2例患者术后鼻胆管造影发现残余结石,经二次取石后痊愈出院。术后平均随访(13.25±3.45)个月,行腹部彩超及肝功能检查未见明显异常。结论:在严格把握手术指征的基础上,EST或EPBD联合LC同期治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石可显著减少患者住院次数、缩短住院时间、降低住院费用,是安全、可行的。     

A prospective study of common bile duct calculi in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: natural history of choledocholithiasis revisited

OBJECTIVE: To define the incidence of problematic common bile duct calculi in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: In patients selected for laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the true incidence of potentially problematic common bile duct calculi and their natural history has not been determined. We evaluated the incidence and early natural history of common bile duct calculi in all patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy with intraoperative and delayed postoperative cholangiography. METHODS: Operative cholangiography was attempted in all patients. In those patients in whom a filling defect was noted in the bile duct, the fine bore cholangiogram catheter was left securely clipped in the cystic duct for repeated cholangiography at 48 hours and at approximately 6 weeks postoperatively. RESULTS: Operative cholangiography was attempted in 997 consecutive patients and was accomplished in 962 patients (96%). Forty-six patients (4.6%) had at least one filling defect. Twelve of these had a normal cholangiogram at 48 hours (26% possible false-positive operative cholangiogram) and a further 12 at 6 weeks (26% spontaneous passage of calculi). Spontaneous passage was not determined by either the number or size of calculi or by the diameter of the bile duct. Only 22 patients (2.2% of total population) had persistent common bile duct calculi at 6 weeks after laparoscopic cholecystectomy and retrieved by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. CONCLUSIONS: Choledocholithiasis occurs in 3.4% of patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy but more than one third of these pass the calculi spontaneously within 6 weeks of operation and may be spared endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Treatment decisions based on assessment by operative cholangiography alone would result in unnecessary interventions in 50% of patients who had either false positive studies or subsequently passed the calculi. These data support a short-term expectant approach in the management of clinically silent choledocholithiasis in patients selected for LC.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中胆管造影的临床应用价值

目的：探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC）中胆管造影的临床应用价值.方法：回顾分析2001年4月至2006年12月在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中经胆囊管插管行胆管造影96例患者的临床资料.结果：造影成功93例,成功率96.9%,术中发现胆总管结石5例,胆管变异4例,胆总管损伤1例.结论：LC术中胆管造影可防止术后胆管残石的发生,避免不必要的胆管探查,明确胆管解剖及变异,预防并及时发现胆管损伤,降低了并发症,提高了质量,有较高的临床应用价值.     

腹腔镜联合胆道镜行胆总管切开取石探查术156例临床体会

目的:总结腹腔镜联合胆道镜行胆总管切开探查取石、T管引流术的临床体会。方法:先行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC),再切开胆总管,用特制的腹腔镜胆总管取石钳取石,胆道镜主要观察胆总管及肝内外胆管有无结石残余及是否通畅,必要时经胆道镜取石。结果:术后拔T管时出现胆漏3例,1例术后10d T管自胆总管脱出至腹腔,1例术后24h胆漏达400ml,6例中转开腹,余均痊愈出院,无残石及术后胆管狭窄等并发症发生。结论:腹腔镜联合胆道镜行胆囊切除、胆总管切开探查取石、T管引流术具有安全可靠、患者损伤小、康复快、住院时间短等优点,是治疗胆囊结石、胆总管结石的有效术式。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术后胆总管残留结石的转归

目的:研究腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscop ic cholecystectomy,LC)后胆总管残留结石的处理及转归。方法:回顾分析我院1992年4月至2006年6月15 000余例LC术后28例胆总管残留结石的原因、治疗及转归。结果:LC术后28例胆总管残留结石中结石自行排出3例,ERCP确诊25例,25例通过EST成功取石,其中1例为术后胆漏并发胆管结石。结论:通过加强术前检查、术中仔细操作和术后积极处理,可减少LC术后胆总管残留结石及其他严重并发症的发生。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术后胆漏处理的体会

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术( laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)术后胆漏的原因及防治方法.方法:回顾分析2000年1月至2011年1月14例LC术后胆漏患者的临床资料.结果:14例中胆囊管残端漏2例,迷走胆管漏1例,胆管残余结石10例,胆管损伤1例.5例胆管残余结石,均于术后3～5d行内镜...     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中胆道造影的临床意义

目的:探讨术中胆道造影对行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscop ic cholecystectomy,LC)患者的临床意义。方法:回顾性分析113例因胆囊结石行LC加术中胆道造影患者的情况。结果:113例患者中造影成功110例(成功率97%),发现胆总管结石5例,占4.5%(5/110)。结论:LC加术中胆道造影有利于防止胆道残余结石,对正确判断胆道解剖关系,减少胆道损伤有重要的临床意义。LC加术中胆道造影可常规使用。     

腹腔镜超声辅助下复杂类型的腹腔镜胆囊切除术

目的：评估腹腔镜超声在复杂的腹腔镜胆囊切除（LC）术中避免胆道损伤及胆总管结石残留的作用。方法:104例LC因肝外胆系解剖变异,胆囊管真实性不确定,疑有胆总管结石或胆道损伤,三角区粘连或炎症,急性或萎缩性胆囊炎等被界定为复杂的LC患者,借助腹腔镜术中超声检查（LUS）显示的胆总管下端,肝外胆管与胆囊壶腹,胆囊管之间的解剖关系施行LC。结果：在LUS辅助下顺利完成复杂的LC85例,19例因LUS提示的潜在胆道损伤危险,胆总管下段结石,及疑有胆道损伤而中转开腹手术。结论：通过LUS显示的肝外胆管,并在术野中胆囊管,胆囊壶腹的参照下,可了解肝外胆系诸结构之间的解剖关系,由此避免胆道损伤,LUS还可发现隐匿的胆总管结石,LUS是复杂LC术中有效的辅助手段。     

静脉胆道造影后CT检查在诊断胆囊结石并胆总管小结石中的应用

目的 :探讨静脉胆道造影后CT检查在诊断胆囊结石并胆总管小结石的应用。方法 :分析 2 1例行静脉胆道造影后CT检查的成像。结果 :2 1例中胆总管小结石 13例 ,并经手术证实 ,8例行腹腔镜胆囊切除术 ,随访 6个月～ 4年 ,恢复良好 ,无胆道残余结石。结论 :静脉胆道造影后CT检查是诊断胆囊结石并胆总管小结石的有效方法 ,值得推广。     

TECHNIQUE AND RESULTS OF LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLEDOCHOTOMY FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF BILE DUCT CALCULI

Laparoscopic choledochotomy has been performed in 50 patients to remove common bile duct calculi demonstrated on routine operative cholangiography at the time of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The patients ranged from 16 to 91 years old. One patient died, giving a mortality of 2%. At postoperative T-tube cholangiography, retained stones were demonstrated in three patients (6%) with all stones being removed using a choledochoscope via the T-tube track. Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration via a choledochotomy is a feasible and effective method to manage common bile duct calculi demonstrated during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.