353例NICU患儿自动听性脑干反应结果分析

目的探讨新生儿重症监护病房(neonatal intensive care unit,NICU)听力筛查模式及容易导致听力损失的高危因素。方法运用自动听性脑干反应(automatic auditory brainstemresponse,AABR)对353例(706耳)重症监护病房的新生儿进行初步听力筛查,随机抽样109例(218耳)正常新生儿为对照组,对比分析不同高危因素对筛查结果的影响。结果筛查NICU患儿353例(706耳),初筛未通过184例(281耳),初筛阳性率39.8%(281/706);筛查正常新生儿组109例(218耳),初筛未通过23例(27耳),初筛阳性率为12.4%(27/218),两组初筛阳性率差异有显著统计学意义(P=0.000),NICU的新生儿听力筛查初筛阳性率远高于正常新生儿。NICU新生儿不同疾病的初筛阳性率分别为:新生儿窒息46.4%,新生儿肺炎45.9%,高胆红素血症38.8%,早产儿38.1%,足月小样儿35.0%,其他34.0%。结论应用AABR技术进行听力筛查是可行的。在NICU中普及听力筛查,并对这些患儿随访、复筛,及时发现其听力损失,是提高新生儿听力损失早期诊断率的重要手段。     

8051例新生儿听力筛查结果分析

目的分析8051例新牛儿听力筛查结果。方法朋Madsern Accscreen听力筛查仪对8051例新生儿进行瞬态诱发耳声发射（TEOAE）测试,初筛未通过者存42天复筛,仍未通过者进行ABR诊断性检查。结果初筛通过6924例,通过率97．84％,复筛676例,通过574例,建议转诊102例,实际转诊72例,最终确诊13例听力损失患儿,先天性听力损火检出率为1．61‰（13／8051）,其中单耳3例,双耳10例;轻度2例,中度5例,中重度4例,极重度2例。结论绍兴县新生儿先天性听力损失的检出率为1．6％。且NICU患儿先天性听力损失的发生率高于普通病房新生儿。     

9971例新生儿瞬态诱发性耳声发射听力筛查结果分析

目的 分析瞬态诱发性耳声发射(transient evoked otoacoustic emission,TEOAE)进行新生儿听力筛查通过率的影响因素及听力障碍的检出情况.方法 采用瞬态诱发性耳声发射在生后2～5天对2006年10月～2009年3月出生正常新生儿8 319例(正常组)和因各种疾病转入新生儿科治疗者1 652例(高危组)进行听力筛查,初筛未通过者,生后42天复筛,复筛未通过者,3个月左右行听性脑干反应(ABR)诊断性检查.结果 可筛总数10 523例,实际筛查9 971例,初筛率94.75%;初筛未通过790例,阳性率7.92%(790/9 971),初筛通过率女婴高于男婴,右耳高于左耳,正常组高于高危组;实际复筛290例,复筛率36.71%(290/790);复筛未通过57例,阳性率19.66%(57/290);实际接受诊断性ABR检查46例,确诊听力障碍人数35例,其中双耳听力损失22人,单耳听力损失13人;重度听力损失者6例.高危儿先天性听力损失检出率6.05‰(10/1 652)明显高于正常新生儿(3.01‰,25/8 319).结论 应用TEOAE进行新生儿听力初筛的通过率与性别、耳别、高危因素等有关,本组新生儿先天性听力损失的检出率约为3.51‰(35/9 971).     

418例复筛未通过婴幼儿的听力追踪和确认情况回顾性分析

目的探讨复筛未通过婴幼儿的听力追踪和确认情况。方法对2004年8月～2005年12月来我院就诊的418名复筛未通过婴幼儿分别询问病史,用耳声发射(OAE)、声导抗、听性脑干反应(ABR)测试的结果进行回顾性分析。结果在418例受检儿中,耳声发射通过135耳,占21.39%(135/631)。ABR检查正常773耳,占92.46%(773/836);轻度听力损失11耳,占1.32%(11/836);中度听力损失10耳,占1.20%(10/836);重度听力损失10耳,占1.20%(10/836);极重度听力损失32耳,占3.83%(32/836),其中1例高胆红素血症患儿,耳声发射通过,而ABR检查为极重度听力损失。需干预的人数为21例,占5.02%(21/418)。结论新生儿筛查存在一定的假阳性和假阴性,对未通过筛查和高危的新生儿需进行定期的追踪随访。联合应用OAE和ABR技术在婴幼儿听力诊断方面具有较高的临床应用价值。     

高胆红素血症患儿DPOAE的动态观察

目的 应用DPOAE动态观察高胆红素血症新生儿的听力变化.方法 随机选取足月、顺产、无黄疸的新生儿160例(320耳)为无黄疸组(对照组),同等条件的黄疸患儿151例(302耳)为黄疸组(实验组),黄疸组再分为生理性黄疸组73例(146耳)和病理性黄疸组78例(156耳).均于出生后72小时进行DPOAE的初筛,再于生后7、14、21、28、35及42天分别进行DPOAE复筛,同时进行声导抗检测,得出各组复筛未通过的阳性率.结果 三组新生儿均通过DPOAE初筛,病理性黄疸组各周DPOAE复筛未通过耳数(阳性率)明显高于生理性黄疸组(P<0.05),且在生后42天时生理性黄疸组及对照组全部通过DPOAE复筛,而病理性黄疸组仍有8耳未通过复筛,这8耳3～6个月后经ABR检查,确诊为重度感音性聋.结论 高胆红素血症不仅可引起听神经病及听中枢的损害,还可影响耳蜗功能,其听损伤在早期为可逆性,积极治疗和早期干预十分必要.     

高危新生儿TEOAE和AABR听力筛查分析

目的探讨瞬态诱发耳声发射(transientlyevokedotoacousticemission,TEOAE)和自动听性脑干反应(autoauditorybrainstemresponse,AABR)在高危新生儿听力筛查中的作用。方法运用TEOAE和AABR对NICU住院的178例高危新生儿进行听力筛查,可疑患儿通过ABR及40Hz听觉相关电位(40Hzauditoryeventrelatedpotential,40Hz-AERP)进行确诊。结果已确诊的听力损伤患儿7例(8耳)中,TEOAE和AABR均未通过2耳,TEOAE通过AABR未通过4耳,AABR通过TEOAE未通过2耳。结论TEOAE和AABR联合运用于高危新生儿,更有利于听力损伤的早期发现。     

2868例新生儿听力筛查结果分析

目的了解本地区新生儿听力损失情况并探讨早期干预策略。方法利用瞬态诱发耳声发射（TEOAE）和听性脑干反应（ABR）对2868例新生儿进行听力筛查。初筛时间出生后3～5天，未通过者42天后复查，仍未通过者在出生后3月做诊断性检查，评估听力损失情况。结果2868例新生儿听力筛查初筛通过2552例，初筛通过率88．99％。初筛未通过316例，未通过率11．01％。287例参加复筛，279例通过复筛，复筛通过率97．22％。8例未通过复筛，未通过率2．78％。总筛查通过率99．72％，新生儿听力损失发生率0．28％，易造成听力损失的新生儿发生率明显高于正常新生儿。结论通过系统规范的听力筛查可以早期发现听力障碍新生儿，多层面建立普查、干预体系，早决策、早治疗能收到良好效果。     

2868例新生儿听力筛杏结果分析

目的了解本地区新生儿听力损失情况并探讨早期干预策略。方法利用瞬态诱发耳声发射（TEOAE）和听性脑干反应（ABR）对2868例新生儿进行听力筛查。初筛时间出生后3～5天，未通过者42天后复查，仍未通过者在出生后3月做诊断性检查，评估听力损失情况。结果2868例新生儿听力筛查初筛通过2552例，初筛通过率88．99％。初筛未通过316例，未通过率11．01％。287例参加复筛，279例通过复筛，复筛通过率97．22％。8例未通过复筛，未通过率2．78％。总筛查通过率99．72％，新生儿听力损失发生率0．28％，易造成听力损失的新生儿发生率明显高于正常新生儿。结论通过系统规范的听力筛查可以早期发现听力障碍新生儿，多层面建立普查、干预体系，早决策、早治疗能收到良好效果。     

TEOAE与AABR在高危新生儿听力筛查中的联合应用

目的探讨联合应用瞬态诱发性耳声发射(TEOAE)和自动听性脑干反应(AABR)在高危新生儿听力筛查中的应用。方法对新生儿科NICU高危新生儿200例（400耳）,运用AccuScreen听力筛查仪,同时进行TEOAE和AABR联合听力筛查,根据TEOAE初次筛查结果通过与否,分为双耳TEOAE初筛均未通过组(A组)和双耳TEOAE初筛均通过组（B组）,共2组,每组100例（200耳）,其中3个月时任何一项检查未通过者均在患儿6个月时进行听性脑干反应、声导抗测试等诊断性检查。结果A组：3个月时TEOAE未通过12例（22耳）,AABR未通过2例（2耳）,联合筛查未通过22例。6月龄时确诊1例（2耳）分泌性中耳炎,该两耳均为3次TEOAE筛查未通过、AABR筛查通过者,本组高危新生儿听力损伤现患率为1.7%（2/120）;B组：3个月时TEOAE未通过2例（2耳）,AABR未通过5例（5耳）,联合筛查未通过5例（5耳）。6月龄时确诊2例（2耳）诊断为蜗后性耳聋,该两耳均为3次AABR筛查未通过、TEOAE筛查通过者,本组高危新生儿听力损伤现患率为1.4%（2/146）,每组在定期复筛时均有部分失诊患儿。结论通过TEOAE和AABR联合筛查,可以检出中耳、蜗性及蜗后听损伤,证实了TEOAE和AABR是听力筛查的有效组合方式,AABR和TEOAE联合筛查应用可以优势互补,降低漏诊、误诊率。     

乐山地区新生儿听力初筛未通过婴儿的听力随访结果分析北大核心CSCD

目的分析乐山地区新生儿听力初筛未通过婴儿的听力复筛及诊断结果,探讨新生儿听力初筛假阳性的可能原因及应对措施。方法回顾性分析2017年5月至2018年10月乐山地区因新生儿听力初筛(仅用耳声发射筛查)未通过的153例(其中正常组104例,高危组49例)婴儿听力复筛及听力诊断和随访的结果,听力复筛采用瞬态诱发耳声发射(TEOAE)、自动听性脑干反应(AABR)检测,诊断采用听性脑干反应(ABR)和声导抗检测。结果 153例中,102例(66.67%)通过复筛(高危组28例,正常组74例),51例(73耳)未通过复筛,最终诊断为听力损失26例(16.99%,其中高危组14例,正常组12例),其中轻度听力损失9例,中度听力损失8例,重度听力损失4例,极重度听力损失5例;高危组的复筛通过率(51.02%,25/49)低于正常组(74.04%,77/104),听力损失检出率(28.57%,14/49)高于正常组(11.54%,12/104),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随访至一岁,有6例轻度听力损失、3例中度听力损失患儿听力好转,重度和极重度听力损失患儿听力无变化。结论联合应用TEOAE和AABR利于降低新生儿听力筛查假阳性率;高危组的复筛通过率明显低于正常组,而听力损失检出率明显高于正常组;首次诊断为轻中度听力损失的婴幼儿随着月龄增加和听觉系统发育完善,听力损失有明显的好转趋势。     

听力筛查AABR未通过而TEOAE通过高危新生儿的听力追踪

目的了解听力筛查AABR未通过而TEOAE通过高危新生儿的听力变化和特点。方法 2008年至2010年对复筛时AABR未通过而TEOAE通过的23例高危新生儿在3月龄时进行听性脑干反应(ABR)、畸变产物耳声发射(DPOAE)以及高频声导抗(high frequency tympanometry,HFT)检查,对ABR异常的患儿在6月龄时复查。结果 3月龄和6月龄时DPOAE各频率基本引出,HFT均为单峰。3月龄时23例患儿中5例双耳ABR反应阈≤35dB nHL,余18例(30耳)单耳或双耳ABR异常,其中8耳可辨出波Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ,反应阈40～60dB nHL;15耳只引出波Ⅴ,反应阈70～97dB nHL;7耳97dB nHL声刺激下无波形引出;符合听神经病(auditory neuropa-thy,AN)诊断12例,双耳8例,单耳4例。ABR异常的18例(30耳)6月龄复查时,1耳反应阈≤35dB nHL,29耳反应阈异常,其中,6例(11耳)ABR反应阈降低,1例(2耳)反应阈升高;29耳中14耳可辨出波Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ,反应阈40～60dB nHL;11耳只引出波Ⅴ,反应阈70～97dB nHL;4耳97dB nHL未引出波形;符合AN诊断9例,双耳4例,单耳5例。23例患儿1～2岁时电话随访,19例对声音反应良好,2例言语发育稍迟缓,2例2岁时仍不会说话,其中1例合并脑瘫,1例CT示脑白质异常,戴助听器均无效。结论本组听力筛查AABR未通过而TEOAE通过的婴儿听力发展不确定,选择治疗方案需慎重,对这类小儿应长期听力追踪至少到3岁。     

Otoacoustic emissions screening as early identification of hearing loss in newborns

The aim of this study was to examine the results of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) as screening test for hearing impairment in newborn infants. We examined 9.951 of 11.405 infants born in our city from January 1st, 1995, to December 31st, 1998. A TEOAE test was performed prior to discharge and repeated one week later in cases who failed the first TEOAE. In case of suspected hearing loss auditory brainstem response (ABR) was performed 3 months later. Hearing loss was defined as ABR threshold > 20 dB. 157 infants (1.5%) were identified with hearing loss. Screening with TEOAE was sufficiently sensitive in identification of congenital hearing impairment and the efficacy increased with the experience.     

Transient evoked otoacoustic emission measurement in infants

Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) were measured and evaluated in 194 ears of 101 subjects under 4 years old who were suspected of hearing loss, using a ILO88 Otoacoustic Emission Analyzer, to study the basic characteristics of this measure and its utility for hearing screening. The mean time necessary to record TEOAEs in both ears was short, about 3 minutes. In 58 ears judged as normal hearing within 30 dB in ABR, TEOAE levels in infants aged less than 2 months were significantly higher than in those aged more than 1 year, especially in the high frequency bands (4-kHz and 5-kHz bands). One case which had been judged as bilateral moderate-to-profound hearing impairment in initial ABR testing showed good responses in TEOAEs, indicating normal cochlear function, and obvious wave Vs in follow-up ABRs recorded at 30 dB nHL confirmed normal auditory function. Therefore, in a case like this one, suspected of retardation in brain stem maturation, TEOAE is more useful than ABR as a hearing screening technique. Since external and middle-ear factors caused poor TEOAE responses in some cases which had been judged as normal hearing by ABR. TEOAE seems to be more sensitive in detecting external and middle ear problems than ABR. Moreover, TEOAE measurement of infants was easy and noninvasive. We conclude that TEOAE is an excellent tool for screening auditory function in infants.     

新生儿监护病房儿童听力筛查及诊断结果分析

目的对在耳鼻喉科听力诊断中心进行听力诊断评估,并且有新生儿监护病房住院史婴幼儿的听力筛查及诊断结果进行比较分析,旨在评价目前所用听力筛查方法的有效性。方法选取有新生儿监护病房住院史并于耳鼻咽喉科进行听力诊断评估的婴幼儿,分析其自动听性脑干反应(AABR)及畸变产物耳声发射(DPOAE)筛查资料,并与诊断型听性脑干反应(ABR)的结果进行对比分析。结果本组同时完成DPOAE、AABR筛查及诊断型ABR测试,并且资料完整保存者共89例177耳。DPOAE筛查未通过率为45.8%,AABR筛查的未通过率为46.3%。两种筛查方法的一致率为64.4%。AABR的假阴性率为27.9%,DPOAE为16.3%,联合使用两种筛查方法时其假阴性率为4.7%。诊断型ABR测试异常共26例43耳(24.3%),其中轻度听力损失22耳,中度7耳,重度3耳,极重度11耳,听力损失为双侧者17例,单侧者9例,双侧听力损失患者中双耳听力损失程度对称者12例,不对称者5例。本组确诊听力损失婴幼儿中存在的高危因素包括:新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)住院超过5天;早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征;机械通气48h以上;出生体重低于1500g;新生儿窒息(Apgar评分1分钟0~4分或5分钟时0~6分);高胆红素血症胆红素水平达到换血要求;颌面部畸形(小耳、外耳道闭锁或畸形、腭裂);细菌性脑膜炎。结论使用AABR或AABR与DPOAE联合筛查可用于NICU新生儿的听力筛查,有新生儿听力损失高危因素的婴幼儿有转诊进行听力诊断评估的指证。     

New York State universal newborn hearing screening demonstration project: effects of screening protocol on inpatient outcome measures

OBJECTIVE: To examine differences among various test protocols on the fail rate at hospital discharge for infants in the well-baby nursery (WBN) and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) who received hearing screening through a universal newborn hearing screening demonstration project. DESIGN: The outcomes of several screening protocols were examined. Two technologies were used: transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) alone or in combination with the auditory brain stem response (ABR). The performance of test protocols in both nurseries within eight hospitals was examined over a 2- to 3-yr period. In the WBN, six hospitals used a screening protocol of TEOAE technology first followed by an ABR (automated or conventional) technology screening for newborns who referred on TEOAE screening. Two hospitals used TEOAE only in the WBN. Seven hospitals used screening protocols in the NICU that used a combination of TEOAE and ABR technologies (TEOAE technology administered first or second, before or after TEOAE, or TEOAE and ABR tests on all infants). Only one hospital used TEOAE technology exclusively for hearing screening. RESULTS: Significant differences among screening protocols were found across hospitals in the first, second, and third years of the program. The combination of TEOAE technology and ABR technology (a two-technology screening protocol) resulted in a significantly lower fail rate at hospital discharge than the use of a single-technology (TEOAE). Fail rates at discharge were twice as high using the one-technology protocol versus two-technology protocol, even when the best outcomes from program year 3 were considered exclusively. Results of two-technology versus one-technology protocols were similar in the NICU. Use of a second technology for screening TEOAE fails significantly reduced every hospital that used the protocol's fail rate at discharge. CONCLUSIONS: A two-technology screening protocol resulted in significantly lower fail rates at hospital discharge in both the WBN and NICU nurseries than use of a single-technology (TEOAE) hearing screening protocol.     

先天性听力损失的确诊和随访及病因分析

目的了解先天性听力损失在母婴同室(well-baby nursery，WBN)与新生儿重症监护室(newborn intensive care unit，NICU)中的发病率以及可能导致听力损失的高危因素，探讨较为科学而可行的早期诊断、跟踪随访及早期干预模式。方法采用瞬态诱发耳声发射(transient evoked otoaconstic emission，TEOAE)进行新生儿听力普遍筛查(2阶段筛查)；对复筛未“通过”者，于生后3个月采用听性脑干反应(auditory brainstem response，ABR)和40Hz听觉相关电位(40Hz auditory event related potentials，40Hz．AERP)技术予以诊断。ABR异常婴幼儿及听力损失高危儿于生后6个月～3岁前进行跟踪随访和定期的听力学评估，对诊断为永久性听力损失的婴幼儿于生后6个月提出早期干预方案。结果新生儿及婴幼儿先天性听力损失患儿占同期接受新生儿普遍听力筛查总数的5．73％0(91／15 885)；WBN中听力损失患儿占同期WBN中接受新生儿普遍听力筛查总数的3．67‰(51／13 887)，NICU中听力损失患儿占同期NICU中接受新生儿普遍听力筛查总数的20．02‰(40／1998)。结论对于NICU新生儿，无论其是否“通过”新生儿听力普遍筛查，都有必要在生后3个月左右接受ABR检查；3个月后的随访人群包括ABR异常婴幼儿和听力损失高危儿；追踪随访与早期干预应体现个体化。     

Results of one year's application of a universal protocol for the early detection of hearing loss in neonates

These are the results of the first year of the application of a universal programme for the early detection of neonatal deafness. Our objective is making a diagnosis of all the unilateral or bilateral cases of hearing loss above 35 dB HL, before the age of 6 months. The detection strategy has 2 screening phases with transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) and one diagnostic phase with auditory brain stem response (ABR). The ABR were carried out both on those patients that failed the TEOAE screening and on the neonates with hearing loss risk factors. Of the 1,277 living newborn babies (NB), we evaluated 94%. 3.3% of the NB showed hearing loss risk factors. 90% of the NB passed the first TEOAE in both ears and, after the second TEOAE, only 2.5% of the NB reached the diagnostic phase. We provided early detection and treatment of 0.58% of cases of bilateral severe-deep hearing loss. Finally, the results obtained are examined together with the importance of planning universal hearing screening.     

Hearing loss screening in the neonatal intensive care unit: auditory brain stem response versus Crib-O-Gram; a cost-effectiveness analysis

We used cost-effectiveness analysis to compare two strategies for screening for severe hearing loss in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU): the auditory brain stem response (ABR) and the Crib-O-Gram (COG). We studied hypothetical cohorts of infants using data derived from the literature on screening test characteristics. We included the costs of initial screening and those of further diagnostic testing for infants who fail the screening test. The ABR cost more per test administered than COG, but had higher sensitivity and specificity to detect hearing loss. We found the ABR, therefore, to be more cost effective than the COG. Using best-estimate assumptions, ABR cost $10,610 for each correctly detected case of hearing loss; COG cost $14,310 for each correctly detected case; among every 1,000 NICU infants screened, furthermore, ABR detected all cases of hearing loss, whereas COG failed to detect five hearing-impaired infants. We conclude that cost-effectiveness analysis justifies using ABR as a screening tool.     

89例瞬态声诱发耳声发射筛查未通过婴幼儿听力学特点分析

目的 探讨听力筛查未通过而短声(click)诱发听性脑干反应阈值正常婴幼儿的听力学特点,进一步分析畸变产物耳声发射(DPOAE)不同频率异常与其他客观听力检查异常之间的关系.方法 瞬态声诱发耳声发射(TEOAE)听力筛查未通过而接受包括DPOAE、短声ABR、40 Hz听觉相关电位、226 Hz声导抗、1000 Hz声导抗和声反射等诊断性听力学检查的患儿共695例,以其中诊断性短声诱发ABR阈值正常的新生儿及婴幼儿89例(123耳)作为研究对象,根据DPOAE频率异常的不同分为A组(全频正常)、B组(低频异常)、C组(高频异常)和D组(全频异常).对比各项听力检查结果,分析DPOAE频率异常各组与其他5项客观听力检查(ABR Ⅰ波潜伏期、40 Hz听觉相关电位、226 Hz鼓室声导抗、1000 Hz鼓室声导抗及声反射)之间的相互关系.结果 123耳中所有6项听力检查均正常者7耳(5.7%);6项听力检查中有一项或一项以上异常者116耳(94.3%).男婴的异常率为93.9%(77/82),女婴的异常率为95.1%(39/41),二者差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);左耳异常率为93.1%(54/58),右耳异常率为95.4%(62/65),二者差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).各组耳数所占比例由高到低分别是D组48.0%(59/123)、B组27.6%(34/123)、A组16.3%(20/123)和C组8.2%(10/123).A组、B组和D组中异常率最高的检查项目均为声反射,异常率分别为40.0%,55.9%和66.1%;而C组中异常率最高的项目为ABR Ⅰ波潜伏期(50.0%).各组低频听力损失均以轻度为主,在B组中有1耳为中度听力损失,D组中有6耳为中度听力损失,1耳为重度听力损失.结论 听力筛查未通过而短声ABR反应阈值正常的婴幼儿,如果DPOAE全频异常,需要及时进行全面的听力学评估,而DPOAE全频正常、低频异常或高频异常者,需要进行跟踪随访.

Abstract：

Objective The presnt study was to evaluate the audiological characteristics of infants with normal auditory brainstem response thresholds in click and abnormal transiently evoked otoacoustic emissions. Relationships between test results of distortion product otoacoustic emissions(DPOAE) and other hearing testing methods were also evaluated. Methods The participants consisted of eighty-nine infants,with a total of 123 ears. All participants' TEOAE screening results were abnormal but diagnostic click ABR results were normal. The participants were classified into the following goups based on the test results from distortion product otoacoustic emissions: group A (normal all-frequency ), group B (abnormal lowfrequency), group C (abnormal high-frequency ), and group D (abnormal all-frequency ). Results Obtained from these groups were compared to results of other hearing tests including the latency of ABR wave Ⅰ, 40 Hz auditory event related potential (40 Hz AERP), 226 Hz and 1000 Hz tympanometry, and acoustic reflex. Results In six hearing tests in the 123 ears, seven ears (5.7%) were normal, while 116ears (94. 3% ) were abnormal. No significantly differences were detected between boys (93.9%) and girls (95. 1% ), as well as between left (93. 1% ) and right ears (95.4%). The proportion of abnormal test results ranked as follows: 59 ears in group D (48.0%), 34 ears in group B (27.6%), 20 ears in group A (16. 3% ), and 10 ears in group C (8.2%). The highest abnormal rates in groups A, B and D were acoustic reflex, which were 40. 0% for group A, 55.9% for group B and 66. 1% for group D respectively.The highest abnormal rate in group C was the latency of ABR wave Ⅰ ( 50. 0% ). Distribution of lowfrequency hearing loss in each group was mainly mild. However, one ear in group B was moderate hearing loss, six ears in group D were moderate hearing loss, and one ear in group D was severe hearing loss.Conclusions The present study showed that, of which infants with normal thresholds of ABR failed the hearing screening, comprehensively audiology assessment is needed. And of which infants with normal DPOAE in full frequency or abnormal in high frequency region or low frequency region need to be followed up.     

Pressurized Wideband Acoustic Stapedial Reflex Thresholds: Normal Development and Relationships to Auditory Function in Infants

This study analyzed effects of pressurization on wideband acoustic stapedial-muscle reflex (ASR) tests in infants cared for in normal newborn (NN) and neonatal intensive care units (NICU). Effects of hearing-screening outcomes on ASR threshold measurements were also evaluated, and a subsequent longitudinal study established normative threshold ranges over the first year after birth. An initial experiment compared thresholds in newborns measured at ambient pressure in the ear canal and at the tympanometric peak pressure. ASR thresholds for broadband noise were higher for ears that did not pass newborn hearing screening and ASR threshold was 14 dB higher for real-ear compared to coupler conditions. Effects of pressurization were significant for ears that passed screening; thus, ASR testing in infants should be conducted at tympanometric peak pressure. ASR threshold was significantly higher for ears that referred on transient evoked otoacoustic emissions and Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) screening tests and also for ears with conductive and sensorineural hearing loss diagnosed by ABR. Developmental ASR changes were significant over the first year for both normal and NICU infants. Wideband pressurized ASR thresholds are a clinically relevant measure of newborn hearing screening and diagnostic outcomes.