团体社交训练在首发住院精神分裂症患者的康复作用

目的:探讨团体社交技能训练(SST)对首发住院精神分裂症患者的康复作用。方法:将120例首发住院精神分裂症患者按照方便抽样法分为观察组60例及对照组60例;均口服抗精神病药及常规护理,观察组需参加12周团体SST。两组干预前及治疗12周采用康复状态量表(MRSS)、阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)、生活质量综合评定问卷(GQOLI)进行社会功能、临床症状及生活质量评定。结果:干预后两组在PANSS、GQOLI及MRSS量表上评分明显进步(P均<0.01);协方差分析及Cohen’s d结果显示,在GQOLI的心理功能及PANSS的阴性症状上观察组进步优于对照组,干预前量表评分对各量表减分值的影响具有统计学意义(P均<0.01)。结论:联合团体SST对首发住院精神分裂症患者生活质量及阴性精神症状康复作用优于单纯药物治疗。     

齐拉西酮治疗首发精神分裂症的临床观察

目的探讨齐拉西酮对首发精神分裂症患者的疗效及安全性。方法将142例首发精神分裂症患者随机分为2组,分别给予齐拉西酮(实验组)和利培酮(对照组)治疗8周,采用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)和治疗中出现的症状量表、体格检查、实验室检查评定疗效和不良反应。结果治疗第8周末实验组和对照组PANSS评分均显著低于治疗前(P<0.01),但2组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组不良反应为轻度,不良反应发生率研究组30例(42.9%),对照组32例(44.4%),最常见的是锥体外系反应,2组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论齐拉西酮治疗首发精神分裂症的疗效与利培酮相当,是一种安全有效的新型抗精神病药,值得推广使用。     

氨磺必利治疗首发精神分裂症临床疗效及安全性探讨

目的 探讨氨磺必利治疗首发精神分裂症的临床疗效,评价治疗安全性.方法 回顾性分析我院2011～2012年间收治的58例首发精神分裂症患者的临床资料,所有患者均给予氨磺必利治疗,观察治疗前后患者的阳性和阴性综合征量表(PANSS)评分以及临床疗效总评量表(CGI)评分变化情况,同时记录患者治疗过程中的不良反应.结果 治疗后,PANSS评分、临床疗效总评量表-疾病严重程度(CGI-S)以及临床疗效总评量表-疗效总评(CGI-Ⅰ)评分均较治疗前显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).氨磺必利不良反应发生率为6.9％,随着药物减量后症状逐渐消失.结论 氨磺必利治疗首发精神分裂症临床疗效确切,不良反应发生率低,患者耐受性好.     

无抽搐电休克治疗难治性精神分裂症临床观察

目的:了解无抽搐电休克治疗(MECT)对难治性精神分裂症的疗效与不良反应。方法:对39例难治性精神分裂症患者在原服用抗精神病药基础上合并MECT治疗,分别于合并治疗前后采用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)及副反应量表(TESS),韦氏记忆量表(WMS)评定疗效及不良反应。结果:合并MECT后PANSS评分明显降低(P<0.01),WMS评分在治疗结束后1d明显降低,1周及2周时恢复。结论:MECT对难治性精神分裂症有效,不良反应少。     

住院精神分裂症患者主观舒适度的影响因素分析

目的 了解影响精神分裂症患者主观舒适度的相关因素。方法 对200例住院精神分裂症患者测评“抗精神病药物治疗中主观舒适度（SWN）简表”及自制的“相关因素调查表”。结果 住院精神分裂症患者SWN评分异常率为31％，SWN评分异常组与正常组相比，在总病程、住院次数、服药次数、药物剂量、家庭经济水平、服药依从性、社会支持、医患关系、诊断亚型、合并使用抗副作用药、藏药行为等方面差异显著。2项Logistic回归分析显示，精神分裂症患者主观舒适度影响因素依次为：药物剂量、合并使用抗副作用药、服药依从性、藏药行为、家庭经济水平、医患关系。结论 在治疗精神分裂症患者时应注意多因素对主观舒适度的影响，尤其注意发挥人为干预因素作用。     

奥氮平门诊治疗首发精神分裂症23例临床分析

目的 评价奥氮平治疗首发精神分裂症的疗效和安全性。方法 用奥氮平门诊治疗首发精神分裂症23例，疗程6周；采用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)评价临床疗效，副反应量表(TESS)评价药物副反应。结果 治疗结束后，PANSS总分减分率为57．2％，显效率为86．4％，未见严重的不良反应。结论 奥氮平是一种疗效好、起效快、副反应少、服用方便、安全的抗精神病药，尤其适合不想住院的首发患者应用。     

阿立哌唑与利培酮治疗精神分裂症对照研究

目的:探讨阿立哌唑与利培酮治疗首发精神分裂症的临床疗效及安全性。方法:将首发精神分裂症患者100例随机分为阿立哌唑组与利培酮组,疗程8周。采用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)及副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效与不良反应。结果:阿立哌唑组与利培酮组的有效率分别为84.1%和88.9%,两组间治疗前后PANSS评分差异均无显著性(P>0.05),而不良反应发生率阿立哌唑组显著低于利培酮组(P<0.05)。结论:阿立哌唑与利培酮对精神分裂症疗效相当,不良反应发生率低,是一种安全有效的抗精神病药物。     

抗精神病药合并帕罗西汀治疗慢性精神分裂症

目的：探讨抗精神病药合并帕罗西汀治疗慢性精神分裂症阴性症状的疗效。方法：对68例以阴性症状为主的慢性精神分裂症患者，在原用抗精神病药基础上，随机分为合用组和对照组，分别给予帕罗西汀和安慰剂，疗程12周。疗效和药物不良反应评定采用阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）和治疗中出现的症状量表（TESS），于治疗前及治疗4、8、12周各评定一次。结果：治疗第8周起合用组PANSS总分及阴性因子分均比治疗前显著降低。结论：以阴性症状为主的慢性精神分裂症患者，在使用抗精神病药同时联用帕罗西汀可改善阴性症状，两组不良反应无明显差异。     

丙戊酸钠对精神分裂症的辅助治疗作用

目的：探讨丙戊酸钠合并抗精神病药治疗伴有冲动和攻击行为的精神分裂症的疗效。方法：对42例精神分裂症患者随机分成两组，一组加用丙戊酸钠(合用组)，另一组仍用原抗精神病药物(单用组)，治疗4周。采用阳性症状和阴性症状量表(PANSS)、副反应量表(TESS)评定两组精神症状变化和不良反应。结果：合用组治疗1周后及治疗结束时PANSS量表总分、阳性症状、精神病理症状的评分比单用组明显为低。结论：伴冲动和攻击行为的精神分裂症患者以丙戊酸钠合并抗精神病药物治疗，起效快，可增加疗效。     

精神分裂症首次发病未用药患者认知功能的改变

目的:探讨精神分裂症首次发病未用药患者认知功能改变的相关性。方法:124例首发未治疗精神分裂症患者为研究组,同期健康体检者60名作为对照组,采用MCCB、Stoop色词测验对两组的认知功能进行评价,采用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)评估症状。结果:研究组患者认知功能各项评分均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);相关因素分析结果显示,首发未治疗精神病患者MCCB总分、Stroop色词测验与患者受教育年限呈正相关,与PANSS总分及各因子分呈负相关;数字广度测试与教育年限呈正相关;与阳性症状分、PANSS总分成负相关。回归分析表明精神分裂症患者认知功能与受教育年限及PANSS总分相关。结论:首发未治疗精神分裂症患者认知功能明显低于正常人,且患者的认知受损程度和其精神病症状有关。     

The relationship between depressive symptoms and subjective well-being in newly admitted patients with schizophrenia

Background

Depressive symptoms are common in schizophrenia and are considered core features of the disorder. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between depressive symptoms and subjective well-being in newly admitted patients with schizophrenia.

Methods

Eighty newly admitted patients were comprehensively evaluated for subjective well-being, schizophrenic symptoms, and depressive symptoms using the Subjective Well-Being Under Neuroleptics Scale (SWN), the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and the Beck Depression Inventory. Correlation coefficients were obtained between depressive symptoms and subjective well-being while controlling for the influence of the severity of psychotic symptoms, extrapyramidal side effect, and subjective attitude toward antipsychotics, as assessed by the PANSS, the Drug-Induced Extrapyramidal Symptoms Scale, and the Drug Attitude Inventory, respectively.

Results

The SWN score had a significant negative correlation with the PANSS depression factor score (P < .001). Correlation analysis also revealed a significant negative correlation between the SWN score and the Beck Depression Inventory score (P < .001).

Conclusions

The results of our study suggest that depressive symptoms are significantly associated with a low subjective well-being in newly admitted patients with schizophrenia and that the relationship is significant even after controlling for the influence of potential confounding variables. Detection and appropriate management of depressive symptoms in schizophrenic patients may affect their perceptions of their own well-being.     

Improvement of schizophrenic patients' subjective well-being under atypical antipsychotic drugs

Recent research indicates that subjective well-being is a major determinant of medication compliance in schizophrenia. However, it is yet unresolved whether atypical neuroleptics differ regarding subjective side-effects. A self-report instrument has been constructed to evaluate 'subjective well-being under neuroleptics' (SWN). The primary aims of the present study were to develop a short form of the SWN and to investigate the extent to which the atypical antipsychotic improves the patient's subjective well-being.The short form of the SWN was constructed following an item analysis based on data from 212 schizophrenic patients medicated with either typical or atypical antipsychotics. The short form of the SWN showed sufficient internal consistency and good construct validity. The SWN was only moderately correlated with positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) scores or changes in psychopathology (r=-0.20 to -0.37). SWN-ratings in patients receiving olanzapine were superior compared to those of patients medicated with either clozapine or risperidone on three of five domains of well-being. Clozapine reduced global psychiatric symptoms significantly more than risperidone. It is concluded that the assessment of subjective well-being under antipsychotic treatment provides an independent outcome measure which is relevant to compliance.     

Randomized double blind comparison of olanzapine vs. clozapine on subjective well-being and clinical outcome in patients with schizophrenia

OBJECTIVE: This randomized double-blind multicenter trial evaluated the effects of olanzapine vs. clozapine on subjective well-being, quality of life (QOL) and clinical outcome. METHOD: The primary objective was to demonstrate non-inferiority of olanzapine, mean dosage 16.2 +/- 4.8 (5-25 mg/day) vs. clozapine, mean dosage 209 +/- 91 (100-400 mg/day) regarding improvement on the 'Subjective Well-Being under Neuroleptic Treatment' (SWN) Scale after 26 treatment weeks in 114 patients with schizophrenia. Secondary outcome parameters included: Munich QOL Dimension List (MLDL), Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS), Clinical Global Impression (CGI). RESULTS: SWN scores improved significantly in both groups, olanzapine was non-inferior to clozapine (group difference 3.2 points in favor of olanzapine; 95% CI: 4.2;10.5). MLDL-satisfaction, PANSS and CGI-S improved similarly, olanzapine yielded a higher CGI Therapeutic Index. Individual SWN and PANSS changes correlated only moderately (r = -0.45). CONCLUSION: Olanzapine was non-inferior to clozapine. The lack of a marked correlation between PANSS and SWN improvements indicates that patients and psychiatrists perceive treatment differently.     

Correlation of subjective well-being in schizophrenic patients with gait parameters, expert-rated motor disturbances, and psychopathological status

INTRODUCTION: Subjective well-being of schizophrenic patients can be impaired by symptoms of the disease and by adverse effects of antipsychotic medication. We assessed the correlations of subjective well-being with objectively measured gait parameters, expert-rated motor disturbances, and psychopathological status in 25 conventionally treated, 25 atypically treated, and 16 drug-naive patients. METHODS: Main variables were the SWN scores (Subjective Well-being under Neuroleptic Treatment Scale), the ESRS scores (Extrapyramidal Symptoms Rating Scale), and the PANSS scores (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale). Gait parameters were determined by using an ultrasonic system for gait analysis. RESULTS: In conventionally treated patients, the SWN total score significantly correlated with stride length ( R(2) = 0.39; P < 0.01), whereas in atypically treated and drug-naive patients, it significantly correlated with the PANSS score (atypically treated: R(2) = 0.25, P < 0.05; drug-naive: R(2) = 0.64, P < 0.01), mainly due to the correlations with the "negative symptoms" and the "general psychopathology" sub-scores. Correlations with stride length were significant not only in the "physical functioning" sub-score of the SWN but also in all other sub-scores. Correlations of the SWN scores with ESRS scores were weak. CONCLUSION: Under conventional antipsychotic treatment, subjective well-being particularly depends on major side effects, whereas in atypically treated and drug-naive schizophrenic patients, it is mainly influenced by psychopathological status. Motor adverse effects of conventional antipsychotic treatment cannot be considered as isolated physical side effects but have severe implications for other aspects of the patients' well-being.     

Correlates of subjective well-being in schizophrenic patients treated with atypical antipsychotics

Objective

A growing body of research indicates that a low subjective well-being (SW) may be predictive of non-adherence and less favourable outcome. This study examined baseline variables and variables in the course of treatment hypothesised to be associated with later SW.

Methods

Sixty-three inpatients with schizophreniform disorder or schizophrenia were randomly assigned to treatment with various atypical antipsychotics after a wash-out phase of 2 days. Subjects were evaluated with a protocol that examined psychopathology (Positive and Negative Symptom Scale, PANSS), side effects (Scandinavian Society of Pharmacology, UKU), and subjective well-being (Subjective Well-being under Neuroleptic treatment, SWN) at baseline and endpoint (mean duration of treatment 39.9 days). Two-thirds of subjects were multiple episode schizophrenic inpatients pre-treated with antipsychotics.

Results

Multiple regression analyses revealed that the PANSS negative score, neurological side effects, and SWN at baseline, as well as change of the PANSS positive score between baseline and endpoint, were associated independently with SW at endpoint (R²=0.55 after exclusion of two subjects).

Conclusions

Patients with low SW, severe negative symptoms, and neurological side effects, all at baseline, as well as those without improvement or deterioration of positive symptoms are at risk of low SW later in treatment and, most likely, of non-adherence.     

阿立哌唑预防女性分裂症患者抗精神病药所致高泌乳素血症的研究

目的探讨阿立哌唑预防女性分裂症患者抗精神病药所致高泌乳素血症的作用。方法对100例女性精神分裂症患者随机分为两组,各50例,研究组给予利培酮及小剂量的阿立哌唑联合治疗,对照组单用利培酮治疗,观察6月,治疗前和治疗后第1、3、6月末分别予以阳性和阴性综合症状量表（PANSS）、临床疗效总评量表（CGI）和治疗中出现的症状量表（TESS）评定病情的严重程度、疗效和不良反应,并完善实验室检查。结果①两组患者治疗后的总有效率类似（92％与90％）,差异无统计学意义;PANSS及CGI总分均低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义,但两组间差异无统计学意义;②研究第1月末,两组药物副反应主要表现为锥体外系症状,TESS评分两组之间差异无统计学意义;研究结束时对照组TESS的严重程度及痛苦感觉的评分均要高于研究组,差异有显著统计学意义。药物副作用主要表现为月经紊乱、闭经、溢乳等高泌乳素血症综合征症状;③研究结束时,两组患者血清泌乳素水平差异有显著统计学意义,对照组明显高于研究组。结论小剂量的阿立哌唑可以减少发生女性分裂症患者抗精神病药所致的高泌乳素血症。     

利培酮对精神分裂症首次发病患者认知功能及生活技能的影响

目的:评估利培酮对精神分裂症首次发病患者认知功能、生活技能改善及影响因素。方法:对首发精神分裂症住院患者105例接受利培酮治疗10周;使用精神分裂症认知功能成套测验中文版(MCCB)、Stroop等测验评估认知功能;加州大学圣地亚哥分校基于任务的生活能力测验(UPSA)评估生活技能;阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)评估精神症状。结果:与基线比较,治疗后MCCB中连线分数、符号编码、空间广度、数字序列、迷宫、视觉记忆、情绪管理、MCCB总分、Stroop测验得分均提高,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05);UPSA总分、财务技能、交流技能得分均提高,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05);Logistic Regression回归分析显示MCCB疗效与基线PANSS总分存在关联(β=0.03,Wald=4.80,P=0.028,95%CI1.003~1.057)。结论:利培酮对精神分裂症首次发病患者认知功能及生活技能均有改善作用,认知功能改善程度可能与临床症状无关。     

联用西酞普兰治疗精神分裂症阴性症状疗效分析

目的:探讨抗精神病药联用西酞普兰治疗精神分裂症阴性症状的疗效。方法:以阴性症状为主的住院精神分裂症39例,在原用抗精神病药基础上,联用西酞普兰治疗。疗程12周。使用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)和治疗中出现的症状量表(TESS),在治疗前和治疗4、8、12周末各评定1次。结果:联用西酞普兰12周后,PANSS总分、阴性症状因子分及情感迟钝、情感退缩、情感交流障碍、被动/淡漠及社交退缩分均比治疗前显著降低。结论:以阴性症状为主的精神分裂症,在使用抗精神病药物的同时联用西酞普兰,对改善阴性症状有明显效用。     

Is it possible to assess subjective well-being among bipolar inpatients? An 18-week follow-up study

Objective

The study evaluates the association between subjective well-being and psychopathology in bipolar inpatients at the time of hospitalization and during a follow-up period.

Method

One hundred twenty consecutive inpatients with a diagnosis of bipolar affective disorder were studied on admission (T0), at discharge (T1) and every 6 weeks for 18 weeks after hospitalization. The Young's Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) were used to determine affective symptoms, while subjective well-being was assessed by subjective well-being under neuroleptic (SWN). Associations between SWN and HAM-D or YMRS scores and between their changes were analyzed across the different time points by using Pearson correlation coefficients. Linear regression models were constructed using SWN as the dependent variable and demographic and clinical characteristics as possible predictors.

Results

At baseline, depression explained 24% and mania explained an additional 16% of baseline SWN variance. Changes in SWN and HAM-D total score displayed an inverse correlation during hospitalization and follow-up. End point severity of depression was associated with the end point SWN total score explaining additional 26% of SWN total score variance, whereas severity of mania was inversely associated with SWN total score.

Conclusion

Data of this study provide further support for the need to consider the subjective well-being as a personal variable associated to psychopathological state in bipolar patients. However, results seem to be in line with authors who suggest to use other subjective quality of life scales in acute mania.     

阿立哌唑替换传统和其他非典型抗精神病药物的临床研究

目的 探讨用阿立哌唑替换传统和其他非典型抗精神病药物治疗的疗效、耐受性和安全性。方法 对118例使用传统和其他非典型抗精神病药治疗的精神分裂症患者换用阿立哌唑治疗8周，用PANSS、CGI—GI、TESS作为评估工具，于换药前及换药后的第1、2、4、8周进行评分，然后对换药前后的疗效、耐受性和安全性进行比较。结果 所有患者都顺利地从原来的药物换用了阿立哌唑治疗，换用阿立哌唑后PANSS总分、阴性症状以及CGI疾病严重程度均得到改善，P〈0．05或P〈0．01。嗜睡、EPS、体重增加、月经紊乱、静坐不能等副反应显著减少。结论 阿立哌唑替换传统和其他非典型抗精神病药物，可以提高疗效，减少副反应，显示了良好的疗效、耐受性和安全性，有利于长期服药维持治疗。