超声引导在患儿颈内静脉穿刺置管中的应用

目的 比较超声引导与传统体表标志定位在患儿颈内静脉穿刺置管中的差异.方法 将53例行心脏外科或消化道手术的患儿(0～36个月)随机分成超声引导组(U组,28例)和体表定位组(L组,25例).前者在超声引导下行颈内静脉置管术,后者使用传统的体表标志定位法行颈内静脉置管术.记录两组成功率、穿刺时间、试穿次数及并发症.结果 U组一次成功率为96.43％,明显高于L组的80％ (P＜0.05);穿刺相关并发症U组仅3.57％,明显低于L组28％(P＜0.01),同时U组穿刺时间明显短于L组(P＜0.05),穿刺次数明显少于L组(P＜0.05).结论 超声引导应用于患儿颈内静脉穿刺置管可提高置管成功率,减少并发症的发生.     

超声引导下颈内静脉置管的临床观察

目的观察超声引导对颈内静脉置管成功率及并发症的影响。方法选择2010年1月至2012年12月间需行颈内静脉置管进行血液透析治疗的患者366例,随机分为2组,即超声引导组与对照组。超声引导组（188例）在超声引导下行颈内静脉置管,对照组（178例）根据体表标记盲探下行颈内静脉置管,比较2组之间的穿刺成功率及并发症情况。结果超声引导组188例患者全部穿刺成功,置管成功率为100％（188／188）;对照组178例患者中有5例置管失败,置管成功率为97．1％（173／178）,2组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。其中超声引导组有181例（占96．2％）患者一针穿刺成功,对照组有95例（占53．3％）患者一针穿刺成功,2组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。超声引导组无一例患者发生误伤动脉、血肿、假性动脉瘤及气胸,对照组有12例患者误伤动脉,5例发生血肿,1例出现假性动脉瘤,无患者发生气胸。结论超声引导可提高颈内静脉置管成功率,减少穿刺次数及并发症的发生,值得临床推广应用。     

超声引导在坐位右颈内静脉置管中的应用

我院近3年来采取超声引导下坐位右颈内静脉置管取得了良好效果,报道如下。     

超声引导下颈内静脉置管在婴儿心脏手术中的应用

目的 探讨超声引导下颈内静脉置管术在婴儿心脏手术中的临床应用.方法 选择年龄30d～1岁,体重3.70～12.0 kg行先天性心脏病手术的患儿40例,随机均分为两组.观察组(A组)在超声引导下将颈内静脉置于屏幕中央,用18G BD静脉留置针穿刺血管,置静脉外套管后,放入引导钢丝,然后置入中心静脉导管;对照组(B组)选择右颈内静脉中路或后路,用18G BD静脉留置针穿刺,回血通畅后经静脉外套管置入引导钢丝,最后置入中心静脉导管.记录两组穿刺置管时间、穿刺总成功率、一次穿刺成功率、失败率及并发症.结果 A组穿刺置管时间明显短于B组(P＜0.05).A组穿刺总成功率100%,明显高于B组的80%(P＜0.05);A组一次穿刺成功率90%,显著高于B组的65%(P＜0.01);A组无失败病例,B组失败率20%;A组的穿刺并发症低于B组,但差异无统计学意义.结论 超声引导下婴儿颈内静脉穿刺置管,提高了成功率,能有效降低并发症,并缩短穿刺置管时间,有较高的临床应用价值.     

超声引导下经皮右颈内静脉穿刺中心静脉置管术35例体会

目的总结超声引导下经皮右颈内静脉穿刺中心静脉置管术的体会。方法将70例拟行经皮右颈内静脉穿刺中心静脉置管术的患者随机分为2组,每组35例。观察组在超声引导下置管,对照组行传统体表定位穿刺置管。观察2组穿刺置管成功率、完成穿刺置管操作时间及误穿动脉、血肿形成和引起气胸等并发症发生率。结果观察组一次性和总穿刺置管成功率均高于对照组,穿刺置管操作时间短于对照组,并发症发生率低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论超声引导下经皮右颈内静脉穿刺中心静脉置管术,成功率高,并发症少,安全性高。     

超声中线定位方法用于颈内静脉穿刺置管术的临床研究

目的比较两种超声定位方法与解剖定位方法行右颈内静脉(rIJV)穿刺置管的临床效果。方法择期手术患者120例,随机分为三组:解剖定位(AL)组,超声中线预定位(PU)组,超声中线实时定位(RU)组,每组40例。全麻气管插管后行rIJV穿刺置管,记录穿刺针入静脉的位置,穿刺、置管时间,穿刺次数,成功率及并发症。结果与AL组比较,PU组和RU组穿刺点距静脉中点距离明显缩短(P0.01),穿刺、置管时间明显减少(P0.01),穿刺次数明显减少(P0.01),静脉后壁穿透率明显降低(P0.05),一次成功率明显升高(P0.05)。AL组3例误穿动脉,2例血肿,PU组、RU组仅有1例误穿动脉。结论在行IJV穿刺置管过程中超声中线定位比解剖定位具有明显优势,且超声中线预定位和超声中线实时定位同样有效。     

B型超声定位在颈内静脉置管中的应用(附286例报道)

目的 讨论B型超声定位下颈内静脉穿刺置管的经验.方法 回顾我中心2008年11月至2009年4月期间采用B型超声定位行颈内静脉置管的286例患者的临床资料.结果 一次性穿刺成功率为99.3%(284/286),置管成功率为100%(286/286); 穿刺时间50 s~12 min,平均106.8 s; 带管时间5～64 d,平均13 d; 未出现血气胸、皮下血肿等并发症.结论 B型超声定位下颈内静脉穿刺操作简单、方便、安全,适用于各级别医院.在颈短肥胖,被动体位情况下,B型超声定位下置管优势大于传统的盲探法及彩色多普勒超声引导下置管法.     

体表定位穿刺失败后行超声引导下颈内静脉置管23例分析

目的 分析深静脉置管建立血液透析血管通路时,应用超声引导的时机、准确性、成功率,可能出现的并发症.方法 回顾统计2006年8月至2008年11月行颈内静脉穿刺置管建立血液透析血管通路的450例患者,探讨超声介入的时机,寻找体表定位穿刺失败的原因.分析影响穿刺成功率、并发症发生与血流量的因素.结果 共计穿刺450例患者,其中23例常规体表定位穿刺失败,占5.1%;失败者在超声引导下穿刺成功22例,改股静脉置管1例.超声检查发现体表定位穿刺失败的原因包括:①右颈内静脉缺如;②右颈内静脉位置变异:靠外、靠上、靠下,以靠外侧多见,占34.7%,1例位置较深;③重症患者因体位不合适导致穿刺不成功者占21.7%.结论 超声引导下进行颈内静脉穿刺置管简便易行,其临床普及应用可提高穿刺成功率,降低并发症.     

超声引导下经皮右颈内静脉穿刺置管术在血液透析中的应用

目的探讨超声引导下经皮右颈内静脉穿刺置管术在血液透析中的应用,分析超声引导穿刺的方法、注意事项及并发症预防。方法对297例慢性肾功能不全尿毒症患者进行超声引导下经皮右颈内静脉穿刺置管术,按照提高一次穿剌成功率的技术要点进行操作。结果本组患者均获得穿剌置管成功,其中244例1次穿刺成功（244/297,82.15%）,30例第2次穿刺成功（30/297,10.10%）,23例第3次穿刺成功（23/297,7.74%）。并发症发生率为15.15%（45/297）,31例因导管贴壁导致引血不畅流量不足。结论实时超声引导在右颈内静脉穿刺置管术中的应用,可极大提高穿剌的一次成功率,有效降低并发症的发生。     

高频彩色多普勒超声引导直视下右颈内静脉穿刺置管术

目的评估高频彩色多普勒超声引导直视下右颈内静脉穿刺置管术的应用效果。方法在高频彩色多普勒超声实时引导及监测下,对64例尿毒症患者行右颈内静脉双腔导管置入术,将其分为直视组（36例）和对照组（28例,带穿刺架）,对比两组的穿刺效果。结果试验组与对照组一次成功率分别为94.44%和96.43%（P〉0.05,差异无统计学意义）。所有患者未出现误穿颈动脉、气胸等并发症。结论高频彩色多普勒超声引导直视下行右颈内静脉穿刺置管术安全、简便、有效。     

The skin-traction method increases the cross-sectional area of the internal jugular vein by increasing its anteroposterior diameter

Purpose We developed a novel “skin-traction method” in which the puncture point of the skin over the internal jugular vein (IJV) is stretched upward with several pieces of surgical tape in the cephalad and caudad directions to facilitate cannulation of the IJV. We investigated whether this method increases the cross-sectional area of the IJV. Methods In 11 healthy volunteers, the cross-sectional area, anteroposterior diameter, and transverse diameter of the right IJV (RIJV) were recorded by ultrasound echo at head tilts of +10°, +5°, 0°, −5°, and −10° with and without the skin-traction method. Results The skin-traction method significantly increased the cross-sectional areas of the RIJV at head tilts of +10°, +5°, and 0°. In the flat position, the skin-traction method increased the cross-sectional area of the RIJV from 1.21 ± 0.44 cm² to 1.75 ± 0.60 cm² (44.6% increase), which is almost the same as that in the Trendelenburg position without this method (1.60 ± 0.54 cm² at −5° and 1.83 ± 0.56 cm² at −10°). The anteroposterior diameter of the RIJV was significantly increased in all positions with this method, although the transverse diameter was not. Conclusion This method significantly increased the cross-sectional area of the RIJV by increasing the anteroposterior diameter of the RIJV. Even in the flat position, this method was almost as efficacious as the Trendelenburg position. This method thus appears to facilitate IJV cannulation.     

A safe approach to percutaneous cannulation of the internal jugular vein in children

Key words  internal jugular vein - ultrasonography - pediatric surgery     

不同左偏头位下右侧颈内静脉与颈总动脉的关系分析

目的 应用超声比较不同角度左偏头位下右侧颈内静脉在3个穿刺入路位点(前、中、后)与颈总动脉的位置关系,探讨患者的最佳头位.方法 选取120例患者,应用超声测量头部正中位(0°)和左偏15°、30°、45°、60°时,前、中、后穿刺位点的颈内静脉直径、颈总动脉直径、颈内静脉覆盖颈总动脉距离及颈总动脉中点与颈内静脉中点之间的距离(动静脉中点距离),计算颈内静脉无重叠百分比.结果 头部不同旋转角度下,3个穿刺位点颈内静脉与颈总动脉直径均无明显变化(P>0.05).后路穿刺位点在不同角度下无重叠百分比、动静脉中点距离均无明显变化(P>0.05);但在同样角度下,其无重叠百分比要小于前路和中路(P<0.05).前路、中路穿刺位点,无重叠百分比与动静脉中点距离在0°、15°、30°之间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而当旋转角度达到45°和60°时与前3个角度比较,无重叠百分比明显减小(P<0.05),动静脉中点距离明显减小(P<0.05),且随着旋转角度的增大,两者的数值也逐渐减小(P<0.05).结论 在无超声定位的情况下行右侧颈内静脉穿刺,为减少误穿动脉的风险,应尽量选择前路和中路,同时应避免头位左偏大于45°.     

Anatomical features of the right internal jugular vein in infants and young children undergoing heart surgery for congenital disease: comparison between cyanotic and noncyanotic patients

Purpose It has been reported that children with cyanotic heart disease have elevated systemic levels of vascular endothelial growth factor, which may be related to the development of vessels. However, it is unknown whether the anatomical features of the internal jugular vein (IJV) differ between cyanotic and noncyanotic children. In this study, we compared anatomical information about the IJV of these two groups of patients. Methods We measured the distance between the right IJV and the right carotid artery (distance), the diameter of the IJV (diameter), and the depth of the IJV from the skin (depth), using an ultrasound device, in 100 children (0–34 months) undergoing heart surgery for congenital disease. First, we evaluated the relationship of these measurement values with patient demographic data (age, height, and body weight). Next, we evaluated the effect of the 15° Trendelenburg position on these measurement values. Results There were 62 cyanotic and 38 noncyanotic patients. Distance and diameter, but not depth, were well correlated with the demographic data in both patient groups. Diameter in cyanotic patients was highly correlated with the demographic data. Clinically significant changes in the measurement values were not observed in the 15° Trendelenburg position compared with the horizontal position in either patient group. Conclusion The anatomical features of the right IJV in infants and young children with congenital heart disease were not different in cyanotic and noncyanotic patients, except for the relationship between diameter and the demographic data. In the small patients examined in our study (72% of them were infants), the diameter of the IJV was not sufficiently enlarged by the Trendelenburg position, regardless of whether the patients were cyanotic or noncyanotic.     

一种改良中路法在颈内静脉穿刺术中的应用

目的:为常规颈内静脉穿刺困难的患者提供寻求一种更好的颈内静脉穿刺方法.方法:将预计常规颈内静脉穿刺困难的100名患者随机均分为两组,试验组采用改良中路法,常规颈内静脉穿刺组作为对照组.比较两组穿刺成功率、穿刺时间、并发症发生率.结果:试验组49例(98％)穿刺成功,对照组39例(78％)穿刺成功(P＜0.0l);试验组和对照组穿刺时间分别为(4.3±3.0)min、(8.5±5.1)min(P＜0.01);试验组1例(2％)误穿动脉,对照组7例(14％)误穿动脉(P＞0.05).结论:与传统穿刺法相比,改良中路法操作更简单快捷,穿刺成功率更高.     

Percutaneous catheterization of the internal jugular vein in infants and children.

Two methods are described for percutaneous catheterization of the internal jugular vein in children. The technique can be used even in premature babies. No serious complications were observed from the catheterization in 100 cases.     

Right versus left internal jugular vein catheterization for hemodialysis: complications and impact on ipsilateral access creation

This study investigated whether the anatomical differences between right and left internal jugular vein catheterization (RJVC and LJVC) would lead to differences in the frequency of complications, in particular, central vein occlusion (CVO). A group of 479 jugular vein catheterizations, 403 RJVC and 77 LJVC done in 294 prevalent hemodialysis patients were analyzed. A right-sided carotid pseudoaneurysm was the only major puncture-related complication. A total of 78 RJVC and 17 LJVC were inserted more than once in the same position. Of the RJVC, 44 (10.9%) of 403 were removed because of infection compared with 16 (20.8%) of 77 LJVC (P < 0.02). The overall incidence of infections was 1.58 episodes of infection per 1000 catheter days, 1.57 for RJVC and 3.72 for LJVC, respectively. Catheter dwell times were not different. A group of 127 patients with former RJVC and 44 with LJVC had ipsilateral arteriovenous access (RJVC+ and LJVC+ group, respectively). Four diabetic LJVC+ developed severe arm swelling secondary to CVO leading ultimately to access ligation. The RJVC+ group had no access ligated. LJVC may cause CVO in diabetics.