丹参酮ⅡA对骶上脊髓损伤后神经源性膀胱大鼠尿动力学的影响

目的 :观察丹参酮ⅡA对骶上脊髓损伤后神经源性膀胱大鼠尿动力学的影响,并探讨其可能的机制。方法:将40只SD雌性大鼠随机分为4组,每组10只,分别为对照组(Sham组)、模型组(SCI组)、丹参酮ⅡA组(TⅡA组)、甲泼尼龙组(MP组)。Sham组仅切除椎板,予尾静脉注射生理盐水1ml/d,连续7d;其他3组采用改良Allen法建立脊髓损伤后神经源性膀胱动物模型(用NYU脊髓打击器选择25mm高度打击T9节段脊髓背侧),SCI组造模成功后予尾静脉注射生理盐水1ml/d,连续7d;TⅡA组造模成功后予尾静脉注射丹参酮ⅡA磺酸钠注射液20mg/kg/d,连续给药7d;MP组造模成功后予尾静脉注射甲泼尼龙30mg/kg,仅给药1次。术后2周,每组大鼠取8只行尿动力学检查,记录膀胱内压力变化曲线并行相关参数测量;心脏灌注固定后取材T9节段脊髓组织并分离双侧L6-S1背根神经节,HE染色观察脊髓组织的结构并使用Image Pro-Plus(IPP)6.0病理分析软件测量脊髓背侧出血灶的面积占正常脊髓组织的比例,分离L6-S1背根神经节(dorsal root ganglion,DRG)后用TUNEL法(terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated d UTP nick end labeling assay)标记凋亡细胞,用IPP 6.0测得各组大鼠DRG中凋亡细胞的累积光密度(integrated optical density,IOD)并进行统计分析。结果:(1)术后2周,各损伤组与Sham组比较膀胱基础压、最大排尿压和排尿阈均显著升高(P0.05);TⅡA组、MP组与SCI组相比膀胱内基础压力明显下降(P0.05),最大排尿压和排尿阈差异无统计学意义(P0.05);TⅡA组与MP组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。损伤各组与Sham组相比,残余尿量明显增加,排尿量明显减小,排尿效率显著降低(P0.05);TⅡA组、MP组与SCI组相比残余尿量明显减小,排尿量明显增加,排尿效率显著提高(P0.05);TⅡA组残余尿量较MP组明显下降,同时TⅡA组排尿效率较MP组显著升高(P0.05)。损伤各组与Sham组相比收缩间期明显减小,无排尿性收缩明显增加(P0.05);TⅡA组、MP组与SCI组相比,收缩间期明显增加,无排尿性收缩明显减少(P0.05);TⅡA组、MP组相比收缩间期无显著性差异(P0.05),但TⅡA组较MP组无排尿性收缩明显减少(P0.05)。(2)术后2周,损伤各组脊髓背侧出血灶面积占正常组织面积的比例分别为:SCI组0.048±0.001,TⅡA组0.006±0.003,MP组0.012±0.001,TⅡA组、MP组与SCI组比较损伤面积占比显著减小(P0.05),TⅡA组和MP组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。(3)术后2周,Sham组凋亡细胞IOD为0.67±0.37,SCI组为2.92±0.35,TⅡA组为1.81±0.27,MP组为2.16±0.18,损伤各组IOD与Sham组相比明显升高(P0.05),TⅡA组和MP组IOD与SCI组相比显著减小(P0.05),TⅡA组和MP组相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:丹参酮ⅡA可以改善脊髓损伤后神经源性膀胱大鼠的尿动力学评价指标,改善膀胱功能并减少膀胱传入神经元细胞凋亡,其作用与甲泼尼龙相近,为脊髓损伤后神经源性膀胱的治疗提供了新的思路。     

多节段脊髓平面损伤后大鼠神经源性膀胱模型的制备

目的研制一种具有临床相似性、可调控性、可重复性的脊髓损伤后神经源性膀胱尿道功能障碍动物模型的制模方法。方法采用改良Allen法,将10g重的柯氏针从20cm高以自由落体落下,撞击在动物脊柱背侧的垫片上,造成一定程度的脊髓损伤。结果在脊髓休克期,骶上脊髓损伤(胸腰段)组和骶髓损伤组动物平均每次挤压膀胱排尿量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),在脊髓休克期后,两组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论改良Allen法具有临床相似性等优点,能为脊髓损伤后神经源性膀胱尿道功能障碍的研究提供理想的动物模型。     

尿控管理对脊髓损伤患者神经源性膀胱症状及病耻感的影响

目的 探讨尿控管理对脊髓损伤患者神经源性膀胱症状及病耻感的影响。方法 对49例脊髓损伤神经源性膀胱患者实施综 合尿控管理,即根据“膀胱安全容量”行间歇导尿、制定饮水计划并落实、加强膀胱功能训练,于患者入科、出院时、出院后1个月和 出院后3个月4个时间点,动态评估患者神经源性膀胱症状和慢性疾病病耻感。结果 患者4个时间点排尿方式比较,差异有统 计学意义(P<0.01);神经源性膀胱症状总分、失禁、储存和排空、泌尿系统并发症、生活质量评分比较,差异有统计学意义(均P< 0.01);慢性疾病病耻感总分及外在病耻感评分比较,差异有统计学意义(均P     

骶神经根功能性磁刺激对脊髓损伤后神经源性膀胱过度活动症的作用

目的:观察骶神经根功能性磁刺激(functional magnetic stimulation,FMS)对脊髓损伤患者神经源性膀胱过度活动症(overactive bladder,OAB)治疗的效果。方法:将40例脊髓损伤后OAB患者按随机数字表法分为治疗组(20例)和对照组(20例)。两组患者均给予常规的膀胱功能干预,治疗组在此基础上给予骶神经根FMS(强度为70%～100%最大输出强度,频率15Hz,每分钟刺激5s,共刺激30min,每日1次,每周5次,共治疗8周),对照组则给予相同参数FMS(刺激线圈与治疗部位垂直,无刺激作用)。两组患者均于治疗前和8周后比较尿流动力学指标(初尿意时膀胱容量、最大膀胱测压容量、残余尿量)、排尿日记指标(单次尿量、排尿次数和最大排尿量)及因排尿不良而引起生活质量评分变化。结果:治疗8周后,两组患者尿流动力学及排尿日记指标较术前均显著改善。初尿意时膀胱容量(对照组65.25±6.41ml、治疗组78.44±9.52ml)增加(P0.05),最大膀胱测压容量(对照组339.55±36.75ml、治疗组394.46±36.68ml)显著增加(P0.05),残余尿量(对照组120.22±40.35ml、治疗组88.25±33.61ml)明显减少(P0.05);日均单次排尿量(对照组120.06±23.23ml、治疗组150.28±24.24ml)增加(P0.05),24h平均排尿次数(对照组12.28±3.31、治疗组9.44±3.95)减少(P0.05),最大排尿量(对照组233.58±47.14ml、治疗组274.51±30.18ml)显著改善(P0.05);因排尿症状而引起生活质量评分均明显降低;与组内治疗前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),且治疗组改善情况均显著优于对照组(P0.05)。结论:FMS可改善神经源性膀胱过度活动症患者的膀胱功能和提高患者的生存质量。     

神经移植术治疗截瘫神经性膀胱的尿动力学观察

目的　评价神经转位移植术治疗陈旧性截瘫神经性膀胱病人的手术效果。　方法　回顾性分析40例胸腰段骨折致截瘫神经性膀胱病人肋间血管神经转位桥接骶神经根35例、尺神经转位吻合阴部神经5例手术前后尿动力学检测结果。　结果　骶根组35例术前最大尿流率(Qmax)均低于正常,术后20例恢复正常（57%）,10例明显改善(28.6%),术前后逼尿肌最大收缩力分别为（60±15cmH     

选择性骶神经根切断治疗脊髓损伤后痉挛性膀胱的实验研究

目的：观察选择性骶神经根切断治疗脊髓损伤痉挛性膀胱的实际疗效,探讨骶神经根高选择性切断的治疗机制及最佳手术方式。方法：雄性家犬１２ 只,制备成脊髓损伤后痉挛性膀胱模型,根据骶神经切断方式分为Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ４ 组,通过尿流动力学检测及电生理观察,记录并计算骶神经切断前（ 对照组）及术后各组各项功能性指标的变化,并进行比较分析。结果：Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ４ 组术后膀胱容量均明显高于术前对照组,尿道压力均低于术前对照组,其中Ｂ 组的膀胱贮尿功能、排空能力、尿道压力均接近正常,且对犬阴茎勃起功能无明显影响。结论：高选择性骶神经根切断治疗脊髓损伤后痉挛性膀胱有确实明显的疗效,是一种值得研究的新方法。     

脊髓损伤后神经源性膀胱的综合康复护理

目的探讨针对脊髓损伤神经源性膀胱患者的有效康复护理模式。方法将84例脊髓损伤患者按对等原则分为常规康复护理组和综合康复护理组各42例,常规组给予间歇性清洁导尿及膀胱功能训练指导;综合组除间歇性清洁导尿外,给予膀胱功能训练、功能性电刺激、生物反馈等综合康复护理。连续8周后评价效果。结果综合组日排尿频次、膀胱容量、残余尿量及导尿间隔时间4项指标均显著优于常规组(P0.05,P0.01)。结论对脊髓损伤后神经源性膀胱患者采取综合康复护理有利于其膀胱功能的恢复。     

脊髓损伤后膀胱尿流动力学检查及分类

目的：检测脊髓损伤患者膀胱功能并分类。探讨并发症与膀胱功能的关系。方法：采用尿流动力学四导程测压仪对３６例脊髓损伤患者进行下尿路功能分组检测。结果：各组患者因脊髓损伤节段及程度的不同，会有不同的尿流动力学表现及不同的膀胱功能，而且有相应的并发症发生，这之间有一定的规律及内在联系，并据此将膀胱分为三类。结论：根据尿流动力学表现对脊髓损伤后膀胱进行分类，对临床有一定的指导意义。     

双侧骶神经交叉缝合治疗脊髓损伤后痉挛性膀胱疗效分析

目的 研究双侧骶神经交叉缝合治疗脊髓损伤后痉挛性膀胱的临床疗效.方法 利用患者截瘫平面以下健存的体反射-跟腱反射,通过双侧硬膜内骶神经前根交叉缝合,治疗8例脊髓损伤后痉挛性膀胱.结果 8例术后膀胱痉挛均明显缓解,膀胱贮尿及排尿功能均得到明显改善,经 1～19个月随访,8例膀胱容量、压力已达到或接近正常水平(P＜0.05).结论 双侧骶神经交叉缝合治疗脊髓损伤后痉挛性膀胱的近期疗效显著.     

Early predictors of bladder recovery and urodynamics after spinal cord injury

Our purpose was to determine if intact perianal (S4–5) pin sensation (PPS) and bulbocavernosus (S2–4) reflex (BCR) shortly after spinal cord injury (SCI) are predictive of bladder function recovery. Twenty-eight SCI patients (aged 18–68 years, Frankel Classification A–D, spinal injury level C4–T12), admitted within 72 hours of injury, underwent evaluation of initial PPS and BCR. The presence of intact PPS and BCR were correlated with the patient's voiding function and urodynamic evaluation results 1 year postinjury. Of the 28 patients within 72 hours of SCI, PPS was intact in 17 (60%) and absent in 11 (40%), while 15 patients (54%) demonstrated a positive BCR and 13 (46%) did not. One year after SCI, no patient with absent PPS voided unassisted, while of the 17 patients with preserved PPS, 11 (65%) were voiding spontaneously. Of these 11 patients, urodynamic evaluation revealed detrusor areflexia in 1 (9%), normal detrusor function in 2 (18%), and detrusor hyperreflexia in 8 (73%), with 3 of these 8 patients (38%) also demonstrating detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia. At 1 year postinjury, only 2 of 13 patients (15%) with an absent BCR voided spontaneously, while 9 of 15 patients (60%) with an intact BCR were able to void. Although PPS and BCR are moderately sensitive in predicting the return of spontaneous voiding, they cannot predict detrusor hyperreflexia and sphincter dyssynergia. Therefore, urodynamic study remains an essential component of initial urologic evaluation after SCI. Neurourol. Urodynam. 17:25–29, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Sexual activity in Korean male patients on clean intermittent catheterization with neurogenic bladder due to spinal cord injury

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the sexual function and activity in male patients on clean intermittent catheterization with neurogenic bladder due to spinal cord injury. METHODS: Eighty-nine patients (mean age 37.6 years with a range of 18-66) were included in the study. We requested all subjects to complete a questionnaire including the 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5). RESULTS: Of 89 patients, 60 (67.4%) reported having attempted no sexual intercourse over the past 6 months and 28 (31.5%) presented with IIEF-5 scores less than or equal to 21 points. When subjects were stratified according to the years since injury, 50.0% (16 of 32) with less than 2 years post-injury had no sexual activity, while 77.2 (44 of 57) with 2 years or more post-injury did (P = 0.027). Patients with sexual activity were 40.4% (23 of 57) and 18.8% (6 of 32) in patients who were able and unable to perform self-catheterization, respectively (P = 0.037). Patients with less than 2 years post-injury had 3.3-fold higher risk (odds ratio 3.33; 95% confidence interval 1.01-10.97; P = 0.048) of no sexual activity than those with 2 years or more post-injury on the multivariate model. The other parameters were not appreciably related to sexual activity. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that sexual activity as well as erectile function is poor in this population. In addition, our findings suggest that years since injury may influence sexual activity of patients with spinal cord injury.     

Lower urinary tract dysfunction in ambulatory patients with incomplete spinal cord injury

PURPOSE: We evaluated urinary tract dysfunction in individuals with spinal injury who remained able to ambulate. We observed changes with time in urological management. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients attending outpatient clinics with traumatic, incomplete (American Spinal Injury Association grades D and E) spinal cord injury during a 2-year period were identified. All patients had their hospital notes reviewed retrospectively and salient urological data extracted. RESULTS: A total of 43 men and 21 women were identified during this period. Mean age was 46 years (range 18 to 70). Mean followup was 7 years (range 1 to 18). At the time of inpatient discharge 40 of the 64 patients (62.5%) could void spontaneously, 20 required CSIC and 4 had a suprapubic catheter. In 19 of these 40 patients (47.5%) who had been initially assessed as having a bladder that was safe to void spontaneously the condition deteriorated, such that CSIC was required. Conversely 5 of 20 patients (25%) who initially required CSIC improved, such that it became redundant. At last followup 68.7% of the patients had abnormal urodynamics and 24 of the 64 (37.5%) required a change in urological management despite no appreciably detectable neurological change. CONCLUSIONS: Despite relatively near total neurological recovery patients with incomplete SCI have neuropathic bladder unless proved otherwise. Salient deterioration in bladder dysfunction is not uncommon. Regular urological monitoring and appropriate treatment changes are required in the long term.