伴有偏侧咀嚼习惯的颞下颌关节紊乱病患者全口义齿修复后髁状突位置变化的观察

目的：观察有偏侧咀嚼习惯的颢下颌关节紊乱病患者全口义齿修复前后髁状突位置的改变。方法：对34例偏侧咀嚼伴颞下颌关节紊乱病患者行重新全口义齿修复,于治疗前后拍摄双侧颞下颌关节薛氏位片,进行关节间隙测量。结果：治疗前关节前、上、后间隙（左／右）分别为1．10mm／3．76mm、1．24mm／1．87mm、5．54ram／1．98mm;治疗后分别为2．43mm／1．7mm、2．47mm／2．76ram、3．06mm／2．99mm。其中关节前、中、后间隙改变有统计学意义（P〈O．05）。结论：全口义齿重新修复治疗偏侧咀嚼伴颞下颌关节紊乱病的无牙颌患者,恢复其正常的垂直距离利于恢复髁状突在关节凹中的正常位置。     

伴有偏侧咀嚼习惯的颞下颌关节紊乱病患者全口义齿修复后髁状突位置变化的观察

目的：观察有偏侧咀嚼习惯的颢下颌关节紊乱病患者全口义齿修复前后髁状突位置的改变。方法：对34例偏侧咀嚼伴颞下颌关节紊乱病患者行重新全口义齿修复,于治疗前后拍摄双侧颞下颌关节薛氏位片,进行关节间隙测量。结果：治疗前关节前、上、后间隙（左／右）分别为1．10mm／3．76mm、1．24mm／1．87mm、5．54ram／1．98mm;治疗后分别为2．43mm／1．7mm、2．47mm／2．76ram、3．06mm／2．99mm。其中关节前、中、后间隙改变有统计学意义（P〈O．05）。结论：全口义齿重新修复治疗偏侧咀嚼伴颞下颌关节紊乱病的无牙颌患者,恢复其正常的垂直距离利于恢复髁状突在关节凹中的正常位置。     

单侧有一种症状的TMD患者双侧关节CBCT对比研究

目的：探讨单侧有一种症状的颞下颌关节紊乱病（ TMD）患者双侧颞下颌关节（ TMJ）在CBCT成像上可能存在差异的参考层面。方法：选取仅单侧有症状的TMD患者29例,通过CBCT三维成像和重建,观察两侧TMJ重建后横断面的水平角;平行于髁突长轴的斜位关节间隙、髁突长轴径值、髁突垂直角;垂直于髁突长轴的斜位与矢状位的关节结节斜度、关节窝深度和关节间隙,采用SPSS13．0软件对各测量指标做两样本配对t检验。结果：两侧TMJ在垂直位60°关节间隙时的测量值差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,其余测量值均无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论：对于单侧有一种症状的TMD患者,接近矢状位是较易观察到左右两侧有差异的位置,并可观察到患侧前间隙增大,在此层面重建对诊断和对比研究更有参考价值。     

重度磨损患者的临床特点及其对颞下颌关节功能的影响

目的：了解牙列重度磨损患者的临床特点，探讨重度磨损患者的颞下颌关节（temporomandibular joint,TMJ)影像变化特征。方法：对92例（男52例，女40例）关节门诊牙列重度磨损患者的病例资料及其颞下凳关节X线片情况进行统计分析。结果：重度磨损患者中（1）男性多于女性（P＜0．05），30－59岁人群占77．17％。（2）磨牙和颞下颌关节紊乱症（temporomandibular disorders,TMD)发病率之间存在负相关关系（P＜0．05）。（3）各组间颞下颌关节X线改变无显著差异（P＞0．05）。（4）髁状突移位与骨质改变表现呈负相关关系（P＜0．05）。结论：（1）以中年人群为主体的重度磨损与磨牙症、TMD等功能紊乱性疾病的关系并不密切。（2）颞下颌关节X线改变并不规律。     

伴有颞下颌关节紊乱病的女性开骀患者的[牙合]干扰特征分析

目的探讨伴有颞下颌关节紊乱病（temporomandibulardisorders,TMD）的开[牙合]患者的[牙合][牙合]干扰特征。方法169例女性开[牙合]患者根据有无TMD分为伴有颞下颌关节紊乱病组（TMD（＋）组）和无颞下颌关节紊乱病组（TMD（一）组）,对两组患者治疗前的模型进行研究,来比较两组患者的早接触等[牙合]干扰特点。结果TMD（＋）组开骀患者中,57．8％的患者存在着正中颌位的[牙合]干扰,明显高于TMD（-）组（P〈0．05）。终末位置上的不稳定和由于磨牙的早接触引起的下颌前方偏移是伴有TMD的开[牙合]患者常见的两种咬合特征。结论本研究提示开[牙合]患者中早接触等功能性因素和颞下颌关节病的发病有关。     

颞下颌关节紊乱病关节盘前后界限改变的核磁共振定位研究

目的:通过对关节盘前后界限的测定,确定颞下颌关节紊乱病患者关节盘移位改变的情况,探讨其临床意义.材料与方法:16例经临床确诊为颞下颌关节紊乱病患者行颞下颌关节(TMJ)的核磁共振(MRI)检查与13例正常人的MRI影像进行对比分析.结果:T1图像矢状位时,在TMD组,关节盘前缘位于关节结节最低点垂直线前约0.43mm,而正常组则位于其前约0.13mm,两组间差异无统计学意义,闭口位时在TMD组关节盘后缘与双板区交界处约位于关节四中心垂直线81°处,而正常组则位于其93.31°处,两组间有统计学差异.结论:TMD组在闭口位时,关节盘均可有明显的前移,但前缘前移变化不大,这与关节盘形态改变状况一样均为颞下颌关节紊乱病的重要指征.     

CT双对比颞下颌关节造影术的临床应用

目的介绍CT双对比领下颌关节造影技术，并评价其在颞下颌关节功能紊乱综合征中的诊断价值。方法对14例常规关节造影诊断困难的病例，进行CT双对比颞下颌关节造影检查。结果14例患者经CT双对比造影检查为正常考1例，可复性盘前移位者1例，不可复性盘前移位老2例，关节盘穿孔2例，关节盘粘连8例。结论CT双对比颞下颌关节造影术是常规关节造影的重要补充，对关节盘粘连有特殊的诊断价值。     

颞下颌关节紊乱指数临床应用评价

目的 探讨如何采用客观定量的方法评价颞下颌关节功能障碍程度和颞下颌关节紊乱病（temporomandibular disorders,TMD）的治疗效果。方法 分别采用Fricton颞下颌关节紊乱指数和Helkimo临床检查功能障碍指数，定量计算每例患者（共60例）的颞下颌关节紊乱指数，评价不同检查者获得的各项指数的一致性，并应用Fricton颞下颌关节紊乱指数定量评价TMD急性不可复性盘前移位的临床治疗效果。结果 （1）不同检查者获得的各项Fricton紊乱指数值相近；（2）Fricton紊乱指数可明确反映TMD急性不可复性盘前移位治疗后临床功能的改善。结论 评价TMD功能障碍程度或评价TMD治疗效果宜避免使用非客观的、描述性的报告，Fricton紊乱指数是一方便且有效的客观定量指标。     

640层动态容积CT对颞下颌关节紊乱病诊断的意义

目的探讨640层动态容积CT建立颞下颌关节运动影像对颞下颌关节紊乱病（TMD）诊断的意义。方法选择存在TMD的患者11例，使用Toshiba Aquilion One 640层动态容积CT对双侧颞下颌关节采用Jiont-Move ＆ Shot序列进行动态扫描。应用640层动态容积CT工作站进行图文处理及数据测定，包括4D实时动态显示、容积再现、MPR图像重建等。结果建立11例TMD患者颞下颌关节4D多角度和各个断层动态影像。结论通过640层动态容积CT建立运动影像能清晰、直观的从多角度观察上下颌的异常运动，对于完善TMD诊断具有重要的指导意义。     

日本大学生中颌骨创伤、智齿拔除、正畸治疗与颞下颌关节紊乱病的关系

目的：控制诸如年龄、性别、精神压力和口腔副功能习惯等混杂因素．来探讨颌骨创伤、智齿拔除、正畸治疗与颞下颌关节紊乱病之间的关系。方法：2374名大学一年级学生在指导下填写一份关于颞下颌关节紊乱病症状、颌骨创伤史、智齿拔除史、正畸治疗史、精神压力和口腔副功能习惯等的问卷。所有调查对象按照TMD症状的程度分组．使用logistic回归分析来探讨颌骨创伤、智齿拔除、正畸治疗等与颞下颌关节紊乱病之间的关系。结果：在2374名学生中有715人为TMD症状阳性．将其分为弹响组（组1）、颞下颌关节疼痛组（组2）、开口困难组（组3）、关节弹响合并疼痛组（组4）、弹响合并开口困难组（组5）、开口困难合并疼痛组（组6）、三种症状都有（组7）。TMD症状与颌骨创伤相关（组2、3、6、7的OR值分别为225、2．47、338、201）。智齿拔除史与TMD相关（组1,OR=1．81）,正畸与TMD之间没有明显关联。结论：颌骨的创伤和智齿拔除可能是TMD的诱发因素。     

前牙开(牙合)患者颞下颌关节间隙及髁突形态的锥形束CT评价

目的应用锥形束CT(cone-beam CT,CBCT)对前牙开(牙合)患者的颞下颌关节间隙及髁突形态进行测量分析,探讨前牙开(牙合)患者与正常覆(牙合)患者的颞下颌关节的差异。方法选取2014年6月至2020年8月于南京大学医学院附属口腔医院正畸科就诊的前牙开(牙合)患者54例(前牙(牙合)开组)和正常覆(牙合)患者54例(正常覆(牙合)组),对其拍摄的颌面部CBCT图像使用多平面重建技术重建颞下颌关节矢状位及冠状位图像。使用Ka-melchuk法测量颞下颌关节上、后、前间隙,根据髁突骨质情况将髁突形态分为正常型与异常型2类,对前牙开(牙合)组和正常覆(牙合)组进行关节间隙及髁突形态的统计学分析。将前牙开(牙合)组根据开(牙合)的程度分为3个亚组:(1)Ⅰ°开(牙合)组(开(牙合)距离<3 mm);(2)Ⅱ°开(牙合)组(3 mm≤开(牙合)距离≤5 mm);(3)Ⅲ°开(牙合)组(开(牙合)距离>5 mm),比较3个亚组间关节间隙的差异。结果前牙(牙合)开组与正常覆(牙合)组相比,颞下颌关节前、上间隙差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),颞下颌关节后间隙显著增宽(P<0.01);前牙开(牙合)组髁突骨质异常占52.8%,正常覆(牙合)组骨质异常占21.3%,两组间具有显著性差异(P<0.01)。与Ⅰ°和Ⅱ°前牙开(牙合)患者相比,Ⅲ°前牙开(牙合)患者髁突在关节窝内更靠前(P<0.05)。结论前牙开(牙合)患者的髁突在关节窝内位置更加靠前、髁突骨质异常比例较高。     

He夹板治疗作用的生物力学评价

目的 分析Ｈｅ夹板对髁突在关节窝位置及受力状况的影响，探讨Ｈｅ夹板的生物力学的治疗机制。方法 采用ＣＴ扫描、Ａｕｔｏ－ＣＡＤ技术、计算机图像分析方法及有限元法对颞下颌关节紊乱病患者民未戴Ｈｅ夹板时颞下颌关节髁突位置及其应力分布特征进行对比。结果 戴Ｈｅ夹板后颞下面关节前间隙变窄，上、后间隙变宽，髁突向前下称位；髁突应务明显降低，主要表现在功能承载区前斜面及外侧；双侧髁突应力对称性有所改善。结论 改     

The comprehensive evaluation of temporomandibular disorders seen in rheumatoid arthritis

BACKGROUND: We studied clinical signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders and radiological changes in the temporomandibular joint from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared to patients with myofascial pain dysfunction of the temporomandibular system and control patients to evaluate clinical and radiological relationships. METHODS: A cross-sectional, controlled, clinical and radiological study was planned and 99 subjects (69 patients and 30 controls) were included in the study. RESULTS: Twenty-three patients with RA (69.7 per cent) had painful temporomandibular joint. Fifty-five per cent had myofascial pain dysfunction according to the research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Nearly all of our patients with RA (93.9 per cent) had symptoms, and almost all of them had positive findings of TMD in high resolution computed tomography. Condylar head resorption, joint space narrowing and degeneration were statistically more prominent features in patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared with controls (p < 0.05). The pain score on active palpation correlated with the number of the mandibular subchondral cysts on high resolution computed tomography (r = 0.6, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Although the myofascial pain of the temporomandibular system is an important cause of pain in rheumatoid arthritis, prospective controlled studies are needed to develop effective therapeutic strategies for these patients.     

颞下颌关节增强磁共振成像研究

目的：探讨磁共振对比增强剂Gd—DTPA对颞下额关节紊乱病的临床诊断意义。方法：对12名临床诊断为颞下颌关节紊乱病患进行磁共振增强前后扫描，观察影像增强效果。结果：Gd—DTPA对关节盘位置正常的关节闭口斜矢状位前伸部及张口位双板区具有显的增强效果；对可复性及不可复性关节盘前移位张闭口位前伸部及双板区均有明显的增强效果；对冠状位也有明显增强效果。结论：磁共振对比增强剂的增强效果明确，为提高临床诊断准确性及作为磁共振常规扫描的辅助手段提供理论依据。     

正畸治疗骨性Ⅲ类错(牙合)对下颌平面角小的成年女性患者颞下颌关节的影响

目的：分析正畸矫治前后成年女性骨性Ⅲ类错[牙合]低角患者颞下颌关节的变化，探讨非手术正畸治疗对成年骨性Ⅲ类错[牙合]低角患者颞下颌关节的影响。方法：选取16例成年女性骨性Ⅲ类错[牙合]低角患者，18～23岁，采用OPA-K滑动直丝弓技术矫治，矫治前后拍摄双侧闭口矫正许勒位片和头颅侧位X线片，进行颞下颌关节间隙测量和头影测量分析。对矫治前后的测量数据进行配对t检验。结果：与矫治前相比，矫治后关节前间隙线距和面积分别增加0．27mm（P〈0．001）、0．70mm^2（P〈0．01），关节后间隙线距和面积分别减小0．24mm、0.67mm^2（P〈0．001）,线性百分比由22．13％减少为9．64％（P〈0．001），关节后前间隙面积之比由1．56减小为1.19（P〈0.01），关节前间隙与关节后间隙趋于相等。头影测量发现，与矫治前相比，矫治后点Co、Ar、Go及Pg相对前颅底均明显后移（P〈0.05）。结论：成年骨性Ⅲ类错[牙合]低角患者非手术矫治后髁突由下前位向后向上移至中位，关节结构趋于协调和稳定，有利于颞下颌关节紊乱病症状的缓解。     

咬合干扰与颞下颌关节紊乱病的相关性研究

目的:通过临床检查分析安氏Ⅱ类1分类颞下颌关节紊乱(temporomandibular disorders,TMD)患者的咬合特点,探讨咬合干扰与颞下颌关节紊乱的相关性。方法:选取安氏Ⅱ类1分类TMD患者60例为实验组,无TMD安氏Ⅱ类1分类患者60例为对照组。采用目前国际上通用的视觉模拟尺分级评分测量法(visual analog scale VAS)对口面部不舒适程度进行评价;按照Fricton指数所包括的内容计算颞下颌功能障碍指数(temporomandibular dysfunction index DI),[DI=(MM+JN+JP)/26(0~1)],该指数包括下颌运动(MM)、关节杂音(JN)及关节压诊(JP)等。结果:实验组有咬合干扰者45例,对照组有咬合干扰者42例,二组间差异无显著性(P>0.05);实验组中存在咬合干扰的患者与无咬合干扰患者相比较,DI指数以及疼痛相关视觉模拟分数(VAS)均偏高,二者间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),其中女性患者DI指数高于男性。结论:咬合干扰(occlusal interferences,OI)与TMD虽无直接联系,但OI与TMD共存可加重TMD患者临床症状,OI的存在对口颌系统的健康可能构成威胁。     

Symptoms of the stomatognathic system in temporomandibular and cervical spine disorders

This study was performed to assess the prevalance of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in patients with cervical spine disorders (CSD) and to compare patients with CSD and subgroups of patients with TMD with regard to the results of orthopaedic tests of the stomatognathic system. A group of 103 consecutive patients with signs and symptoms of CSD and a group of 111 consecutive patients with TMD were examined. All subgroups of TMD patients showed a significantly smaller range of motion than the CSD patients. Patients with TMD had limited mouth opening (<40 mm) on active and passive mouth opening more often than CSD patients. TMD patients with myogenous problems reported oral habits more often than CSD patients, although no objective differences between CSD and TMD patients were found. Subgroups of TMD patients reported joint sounds, and pain on palpation and joint play tests of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) more frequently than CSD patients. Joint sounds on active movements, pain on palpation of the TMJ, and pain on joint play tests correctly classified 82% of the patients with TMD and 72% of the patients with CSD. In spite of the biomechanical and anatomical relationship between the neck and the stomatognathic system, the results of the study show that CSD patients have signs and symptoms of TMD comparable with those of the adult Dutch population. It was concluded that the function of the masticatory system should be evaluated in patients with neck complaints in order to rule out a possible involvement of the masticatory system.     

Chewing Pattern Analysis in TMD Patients with and without Internal Derangement: Part I

In order to investigate the chewing movement of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) patients with and without internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), analysis of the envelope of motion during chewing was performed in 103 TMD patients with unilateral internal derangement (ID group), 94 TMD patients without internal derangement (NID group) and 10 normal subjects (normal group). The analysis of numeric parameters revealed that the ID group demonstrated a significantly restricted range of motion compared to the NID or normal groups, and the NID group demonstrated significant irregularity of chewing compared to the ID or normal groups. The analysis of chewing also demonstrated that the chewing pattern for the ID group demonstrated more frequent deviation of the turning point to the nonchewing side in the frontal plane and a narrow anteroposterior pattern in the sagittal plane compared to the other groups. No characteristic chewing patterns were identified for the NID group.     

Association between disk position and degenerative bone changes of the temporomandibular joints: an imaging study in subjects with TMD

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and relationship between disk position and degenerative bone changes in the temporomandibular joints (TMJ), in subjects with internal derangement (ID). MRI and CT scans of 180 subjects with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) were studied. Different image parameters or characteristics were observed, such as disk position, joint effusion, condyle movement, degenerative bone changes (flattened, cortical erosions and irregularities), osteophytes, subchondral cysts and idiopathic condyle resorption. The present study concluded that there is a significant association between disk displacement without reduction and degenerative bone changes in patients with TMD. The study also found a high probability of degenerative bone changes when disk displacement without reduction is present. No association was found between TMD and condyle range of motion, joint effusion and/or degenerative bone changes. The following were the most frequent morphological changes observed: flattening of the anterior surface of the condyle; followed by erosions and irregularities of the joint surfaces; flattening of the articular surface of the temporal eminence, subchondral cysts, osteophytes; and idiopathic condyle resorption, in decreasing order.     

Temporomandibular disorders in Saudi females seeking orthodontic treatment

The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in a group of patients seeking orthodontic treatment. One hundred and ninety one consecutive prospective orthodontic female patients, divided into three age groups of 8, 14 and 18 years, were examined for TMD signs and symptoms and orthodontic treatment need (IOTN). The percentages of signs and symptoms found were 41 and 30%, respectively. No significant association was found between IOTN and TMD signs and symptoms. The youngest age group reported significantly less headache and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) noise. Headache was significantly associated with all TMD symptoms and with tenderness to palpation. In conclusion, the results indicate that malocclusion could not be considered as a primary aetiologic factor for TMD within the age range studied.