动态虚拟患者技术在口腔修复领域的应用进展

随着面部扫描、口内扫描、虚拟面弓、下颌运动轨迹记录等技术在口腔修复领域的发展及应用, 动态虚拟患者技术逐渐被应用于口腔修复的术前分析、美学诊断、治疗设计及修复体制作, 并成为近年的研究热点。本文从口腔动静态数据获取、动态口腔虚拟患者的构建、动态口腔虚拟患者的应用优势等方面对动态虚拟患者技术在口腔修复领域中的应用和研究展开综述, 以期为相关数字化技术的临床应用提供参考。     

虚拟患者构建在口腔种植中应用的现状

随着数字化技术在口腔医学领域中的应用逐渐深入,虚拟患者的构建可以整合患者多源数字化信息,助力口腔临床医生进行诊断和制定治疗计划,在口腔种植修复中有较好应用前景。本文就多源三维图像和动态信息的来源及获取、虚拟患者构建方法及其在口腔种植学领域应用进行综述。     

口腔修复诊疗中构建虚拟患者的机遇与挑战

在口腔修复领域,构建虚拟患者进行数字化仿生修复展现出广阔的应用前景。虚拟患者由包含口颌面部信息的数字化素材构成,能准确地反映出口颌面结构的形态和空间关系。然而,在数字化素材的获取、精确配准过程和动态颌位关系的记录与转移中,均存在诸多挑战。本文将围绕虚拟患者的构建流程,阐述目前构建虚拟患者的关键点和难点,推动虚拟患者技术在口腔修复领域的普及和推广。     

口腔固定修复全数字化流程的临床应用现状及问题

相较传统修复方法, 口腔数字化修复技术大大简化了缺牙患者的修复治疗过程, 同时提高了修复的准确性。口腔固定修复的全数字化流程, 不仅能有效提高修复治疗的效率、准确性与可预期性, 而且有助于多学科间合作, 保证治疗的系统性, 由此成为口腔修复领域的重要发展方向。本文就口腔固定修复全数字化流程的概念、关键技术、材料进展与应用以及尚存的问题进行论述, 以期为临床提供参考。     

数字化虚拟仿真设计在口腔美学修复中的应用和研究进展

口腔美学修复中,修复后的美学效果是患者术前关注的重点,也是医患沟通的重要内容。随着口内扫描、面部扫描、数字化设计、数控切削和三维打印等技术的发展和联合应用,数字化技术逐步应用于口腔美学修复前的虚拟仿真设计,模拟修复后的美学修复效果,并用于医患、医技沟通,最后将患者满意的设计效果转移至最终修复体上,以提高患者对美学修复的满意度。本文对数字化虚拟仿真设计在口腔美学修复中的应用展开综述,分析其研究现状、不足以及发展方向,以期为临床诊疗提供参考。     

数字化技术在口腔正畸诊疗中的应用

在大数据时代,数字化技术在口腔正畸领域的应用越来越广.本文将结合3D打印、人工智能、虚拟仿真及5G等技术,从牙-颌骨-软组织数字化在口腔正畸临床诊断和治疗中的应用研究作一综述,以推动数字化技术在口腔正畸医疗领域的发展.     

口腔修复 CAD/CAM系统中的虚拟牙合架

随着数字化技术在口腔临床的广泛应用,虚拟(牙合)架已经成为口腔修复 CAD／CAM系统中的一个重要工具。本文从虚拟(牙合)架的分类、特点和设置3个方面对其进行了全面介绍,并结合临床实际和国内现有商用虚拟(牙合)架产品进行了点评。     

数字化制造技术在口腔修复中的应用

随着数字化技术和制造技术的不断发展和融合,以智能、高效、精确、远程等为特点的数字化制造技术应运而生,近年来已经越来越多应用到口腔各领域,并且有望实现口腔修复领域的完全数字化制造.本文将简要介绍几种常见的数字化制造技术的工作原理和特点,并总结其在口腔固定和活动修复领域中的应用.     

下颌运动分析系统在口腔修复临床应用的研究现状

随着数字化技术的发展,口腔修复领域的不同流程正在逐步跨入高效精准治疗阶段。颌位关系的正确转移是制作高质量修复体的先决条件,其中下颌运动分析系统能够记录下颌运动在动态和静态条件下的运动轨迹而显著优于传统机械面弓。当前下颌运动分析系统应用于口腔修复领域,主要包括前牙美学修复,牙体缺损修复、牙列缺损修复、颞下颌关节病变及咬合重建等。基于此,本文对下颌运动分析系统在口腔修复领域中的临床应用研究现状进行综述,以期为相关领域的临床应用和研究提供参考。     

《实用口腔医学杂志》稿约

近年来,随着计算机技术的飞速发展,数字化设计技术凭借精准、高效等特点,已经越来越多的应用到口腔修复各领域,并且有望在未来实现口腔修复的完全数字化.该文将简要介绍数字化设计技术在固定和可摘义齿修复领域的应用,阐述其技术原理和设计流程;总结了常见的口腔修复数字化设计软件的分类,并概述3D数字微笑设计的工作流程.     

柠檬精油对牙周致病菌抑制作用及其安全性初步研究

目的:探讨柠檬精油对牙周致病菌的体外抗菌活性及对细胞增殖的影响。方法:采用微量液体稀释法测定柠檬精油对Pg、Fn、Aa、Pi的最小抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC)及最小杀菌浓度(minimum bactericidal concentration,MBC);以较低浓度的MIC为标准稀释LEO作为实验组,采用MTT法测定柠檬精油对HUVECs的毒性作用,明确抑菌浓度下LEO的安全性。结果:柠檬精油对牙周主要致病菌均有抑菌作用,Pg、Fn、Aa、Pi的MIC分别是9.0 g/L、4.5 g/L、4.5 g/L、9.0 g/L,Aa、Fn的 MBC是9.0 g/L,Pg、Pi的MBC未测得。1/2MIC、1/20MIC浓度的LEO能够抑制人脐静脉内皮细胞的生长,而低于1/200MIC浓度的LEO则对人脐静脉内皮细胞的生长没有影响,其中1/200MIC浓度的LEO作用明显优于0.02%的CHX。结论:体外环境中,柠檬精油对牙周致病菌Pg、Fn、Aa、Pi具有抗菌活性,低浓度应用对机体相对安全。     

Oral cancer: molecular technologies for risk assessment and diagnosis

Purpose: The effective biomarkers related to diagnosis, metastasis, drug resistance and irradiation sensitivity of oral cancers will help the pathologist and oncologist to determine the molecular taxonomy diagnosis and design the individualization treatment for the patients with oral cancers.     

Computer-assisted planning for maxillofacial prosthodontic rehabilitation

Computerized tomography (CT) planning and the use of CT derived surgical templates for implant placement have shown promise for restoring function within months after surgical reconstruction of acquired post-oncologic defects.     

Stimulated whole saliva components in children with Down syndrome

The authors report on the components of stimulated whole saliva from children with Down syndrome—including pH, flow rate, sialic acid and protein concentrations, and amylase and peroxidase activity. Saliva samples were collected from 35 children aged 6–10 years. Of the participants, 17 had Down syndrome and 18 did not. To stimulate saliva production, the children chewed a piece of parafilm for 10 minutes before the sample was collected. Soon after collecting the saliva sample, the authors measured pH using a portable pH-meter. Sialic acid levels were determined with a thiobarbituric acid assay. Protein content was determined with Folin's phenol reagent. Amylase was assayed and the authors measured the maltose produced by the breakdown of starch and peroxidase using ortho-dianisidine.
No statistically significant difference was observed in levels of sialic acid (free and total) between the two groups. Protein concentration was about 36% higher in the group with Down syndrome. However, the salivary flow rate, pH, and amylase and peroxidase activities were lower among the children with Down syndrome.     

Effect of Pingyangmycin on human venous malformation endothelial cells

Purpose: Venous malformations are common vascular anomalies with a propensity of the head and neck. Intralesional injection of Pingyangmycin (PYM, bleomycin A5 hydrochloride) is a widely used sclerotherapy method for the treatment of venous malformation.     

牙髓再生的研究现状

目前,根管治疗术在临床上已得到了广泛的应用并成功的保存了患牙,但其仍有许多术后并发症。随着组织工程技术在口腔领域的应用,构建一种组织工程化牙髓进行牙髓-牙本质复合体的再生治疗成为可能。近年来国内外已有很多关于牙髓再生的研究,并且已经取得了一定成果。本文将对目前国内外牙髓再生的研究进展现状作一综述。     

替牙期骨性Ⅲ类错牙合患者颞下颌关节特征的锥形束CT研究

目的:采用锥形束CT(CBCT)研究替牙期骨性Ⅲ类错牙合患者颞下颌关节的影像学特征,探讨Ⅲ类功能状态下,颞下颌关节的生长、改建机制。方法:从就诊于昆明医科大学附属口腔医院正畸科的患者中选取符合纳入标准的替牙期骨性Ⅲ类错牙合患者及骨性Ⅰ类错牙合患者各20名,使用NNT viewer 5.3图像处理软件进行三维重建及线距和角度的测量,并进行统计学分析。结果:替牙期骨性Ⅲ类错牙合患者组和替牙期骨性Ⅰ类错牙合患者组对比结果为:矢状面双侧关节前间隙偏小、双侧关节上间隙偏小、双侧关节结节斜度偏小;冠状面双侧关节内间隙偏小,双侧关节上间隙偏小,双侧关节外间隙偏小,右侧髁状突角度偏小;横截面右侧髁状突前后径偏小。结论:替牙期骨性Ⅲ类错牙合患者颞下颌关节发育不充分,呈现髁状突,关节窝深度,关节结节斜度;冠状面关节内、外间隙均较小的特征。骨性Ⅲ类错牙合患者髁状突在关节窝中处于前置近关节窝顶位置。骨性Ⅲ类错牙合患者颞下颌关节影像学特征与其功能状态相适应。     

Oropharyngeal dysphagia in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis alters quality of life

Dysphagia is one of the most important complications encountered in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Our aim was to determine whether oropharyngeal dysphagia impacted the quality of life (QoL) of patients with ALS. Thirty consecutive patients were recruited (31–82 years, 18 men). Swallowing function was evaluated using a standardised videofluoroscopic barium swallow. All the patients completed a specific questionnaire on quality of life in dysphagia (SWAL‐QoL) immediately after the videofluoroscopy. The results of dysphagia outcome severity scale separated 14 patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia and 16 with normal swallowing function. There was no difference in the average age, weight and body mass index of the two groups (dysphagic patients: 68 ± 11 kg versus non‐dysphagic patients: 69 ± 14 kg). Most of the dysphagic patients had a bulbar affection based on their Norris scores which determine the importance of cranial nerves illness (20 ± 8), significantly lower than those of the non‐dysphagic patients (35 ± 5) (P < 0·0001). There was no difference in the neurological peripheral symptoms evaluated by Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale scores (dysphagic patients: 26 ± 7 versus non‐dysphagic patients: 27 ± 8) (ns). The swallowing quality of life questionnaire revealed that the dysphagic patients had significant burden (P < 0·001). They were affected by the necessity to applied a food selection (P < 0·01), by the increase in eating duration (P < 0·05) and described a decrease in eating desire (P < 0·05). They complained of fear regarding the risk of dysphagia (P < 0·05). They also described difficulties with oral communication (P < 0·001). All of those complained about dysphagia which impacted directly mental health (P < 0·05) and social life (P < 0·05). In conclusion, oropharyngeal dysphagia is a common symptom accompanying ALS, which alters the patient's QoL, especially social health.     

Interventional neuroradiologic procedures in the head and neck

Interventional radiology and interventional neuroradiology are evolving specialties which can aid the head and neck surgeons in the clinical management of patients with complex vascular lesions.