髂筋膜间隙阻滞联合腘窝坐骨神经阻滞在单侧大隐静脉曲张术中的应用

目的探讨髂筋膜间隙阻滞(FICB)联合腘窝坐骨神经阻滞用于单侧大隐静脉曲张术中的阻滞效果。方法选取2017年9月到2020年6月于本院行单侧大隐静脉曲张术患者64例为研究对象。按照随机数表法将所有患者分为两组,各32例。观察组给予FICB联合腘窝坐骨神经阻滞,对照组给予硬膜外阻滞。对两组患者阻滞起效时间、阻滞完成时间、手术时间及不良反应发生率进行比较,并于麻醉诱导前(T0)、阻滞后10分钟(T1)、手术30分钟(T2)、手术结束时(T3)对两组患者收缩压、舒张压水平及视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分进行对比。结果观察组阻滞起效时间明显短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组不良反应发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组在T2时,舒张压、收缩压均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);T1、T3时观察组VAS评分明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 FICB联合腘窝坐骨神经阻滞用于单侧大隐静脉曲张术中效果显著,可稳定患者血流动力学,值得临床推广应用。     

股神经联合坐骨神经阻滞麻醉对老年单侧下肢手术患者血流动力学的影响

目的探讨股神经联合坐骨神经阻滞麻醉对老年单侧下肢手术患者血流动力学的影响。方法将80例老年单侧下肢手术患者随机分为2组,各40例。对照组采用蛛网膜下腔麻醉,观察组行股神经联合坐骨神经阻滞麻醉。比较2组麻醉前、麻醉30 min后患者的心率(HR)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)水平及麻醉效果。结果麻醉后2组HR、SBP、DBP均有下降,对照组SBP、DBP下降幅度大于观察组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);2组HR指标和麻醉效果差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论老年单侧下肢手术患者采用蛛网膜下腔麻醉与股神经联合坐骨神经阻滞麻醉效果相当,后者对患者血流动力学影响较小。     

两种神经阻滞方法用于老年糖尿病患者下肢手术的临床观察

目的 探讨两种神经阻滞方法在老年糖尿病患者下肢手术中应用的差异.方法 65岁以上拟行单侧下肢手术糖尿病患者40例,随机均分为腰丛-坐骨神经联合阻滞组(A组)和硬膜外神经阻滞组(B组).A组:采用神经刺激器定位技术,正确定位腰丛和坐骨神经后分别给予0.375%的罗哌卡因20～25 ml和0.5%罗哌卡因15～20 ml.B组:取L2～3为穿刺点行硬膜外神经阻滞.观察两组血流动力学、阻滞效果及其不良反应.结果 A组患者麻醉后15、30 min的SBP、DBP明显高于、HR明显快于B组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),B组麻醉后30 min的SBP及麻醉后15、30、60 min的DBP低于麻醉前(P＜0.05);术中B组麻黄碱使用率及术中输液量高于A组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);A组感觉阻滞维持时间长于B组(P＜0.05);B组患者术后48 h尿潴留的发生率明显高于A组(P＜0.01).结论 腰丛-坐骨神经联合阻滞应用于老年糖尿病患者下肢手术时,对血流动力学影响小,阻滞效果好,术后镇痛时间长,未发现明显并发症.     

超声引导下腹股沟韧带上髂筋膜间隙阻滞联合外侧入路坐骨神经阻滞对下肢创伤术后加速康复的影响

目的 探讨超声引导下腹股沟韧带上髂筋膜间隙阻滞（supra-inguinal fascia iliaca compartment block，S-FICB）联合外侧入路坐骨神经阻滞对下肢创伤病人术后加速康复效果的影响。方法 选择下肢创伤病人100例，采用随机数字法分组。观察组50例，采用超声引导下S-FICB联合外侧入路坐骨神经阻滞；对照组50例，采用L_3/4硬膜外麻醉。记录两组麻醉前（T0）、麻醉后10 min（T1）、麻醉后30 min（T2）、60 min（T3）的收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、心率（HR）及麻黄碱使用情况；记录两组麻醉效果、病人舒适满意度、术中恶心呕吐情况，以及术后48 h内恶心呕吐及尿潴留的发生情况。结果 两组麻醉效果的差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）；观察组病人的术前舒适满意度优于对照组，术中麻黄碱使用量低于对照组，术后48 h尿潴留、恶心呕吐发生率明显低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。与T0时比较，对照组T1、T2时的SBP和DBP明显降低（P＜0.05）；对照组T1、T2时的SBP显著低于观察组，T2时的DBP显著低于观察组，组间比较，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 在下肢创伤病人中，S-FICB联合外侧入路坐骨神经阻滞与硬膜外麻醉相比，其血流动力学平稳、术后并发症少、病人舒适满意度高。     

两种麻醉方法用于老年糖尿病患者胫骨横向骨搬移术的比较

目的比较两种麻醉方法在老年糖尿病患者胫骨横向骨搬移术中的效果。方法选择拟行单侧胫骨横向骨搬移术患者60例,男30例,女30例,年龄65～89岁,ASA II级,BMI 18～24 kg/m~2。随机分为腘窝处坐骨神经联合股神经阻滞组(NB组)和硬膜外麻醉组(EA组)。NB组在超声引导下正确定位坐骨神经和股神经后分别给予0.375%罗哌卡因各15～20 ml。EA组取L_(2～3)穿刺点行硬膜外麻醉,2%利多卡因3 ml试验剂量后,分次给予0.75%罗哌卡因10～15 ml。记录两组患者术中输液量、使用麻黄碱情况。记录两组患者阻滞前、阻滞后10、20、30、60 min和术后60 min的HR和MAP。记录两组患者感觉和运动神经阻滞起效时间、完善时间、持续时间。记录有无穿刺部位出血、局麻药不良反应、新发神经系统病变,记录尿潴留、恶心呕吐等不良反应发生情况。结果 NB组术中输液量、术中使用麻黄碱例数明显少于EA组(P0.05)。与阻滞前比较,阻滞后10、20、30、60 min和术后60 min EA组MAP明显降低(P0.05),阻滞后10、20、30、60 min和术后60 min NB组MAP明显高于EA组(P0.05),两组HR差异无统计学意义。两组患者感觉、运动神经阻滞起效时间和完善时间差异无统计学意义。NB组感觉神经阻滞持续时间明显长于EA组(P0.05),运动神经阻滞持续时间明显短于EA组(P0.05)。两组患者均无一例出现穿刺部位出血、局麻药中毒及新发神经系统病变。NB组尿潴留和恶心呕吐发生率明显低于EA组(P0.01)。结论与硬膜外麻醉相比较,坐骨神经联合股神经阻滞应用于老年糖尿病患者胫骨横向骨搬移术,对血流动力学影响小,阻滞效果好、术后镇痛时间长,不增加并发症发生。     

超声引导下改良髂筋膜间隙阻滞在老年股骨近端骨折麻醉中的应用

目的观察超声引导下改良髂筋膜间隙阻滞在老年股骨近端骨折手术中的麻醉效果。方法选择股骨近端骨折拟行人工股骨头置换术或股骨近端髓内钉手术的老年患者60例,男22例,女38例,年龄65~99岁,BMI 18.6~29.7kg/m2,ASAⅠ-Ⅳ级。采用随机数字表法将其分为两组:单纯全麻组(GA组)和全麻联合神经阻滞组(GB组),每组30例。两组均给予咪达唑仑、依托咪酯、舒芬太尼及顺式阿曲库铵麻醉诱导后行喉罩全麻,GB组在全麻后,经超声引导给予0.5%罗哌卡因30ml进行改良髂筋膜间隙阻滞。记录入室时(T0)、置入人工气道即刻(T1)、手术开始5min(T2)、手术结束时(T3)的HR、SBP、DBP;记录术中麻醉药物的用量、手术时间、麻醉苏醒时间、人工气道拔除时间、拔除30min和出恢复室时的Ramsay镇静评分;记录术后第一次补救镇痛时间、补救镇痛使用次数、血管活性药物使用总次数;记录术后2、6、12、24和48h静息和咳嗽时的视觉模拟疼痛(VAS)评分。记录术后48h恶心、呕吐发生情况。结果与T0时比较,T1时两组HR明显减慢,SBP、DBP均明显降低,T2时GA组SBP明显升高(P0.05)。与GA组比较,GB组麻醉过程中舒芬太尼、丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼用量明显减少(P0.05),苏醒时间、人工气道拔除时间明显缩短(P0.05),拔管30min时Ramsay镇静评分明显降低(P0.05),第一次补救镇痛时间明显延长(P0.05),补救镇痛使用次数和血管活性药物使用总次数明显减少(P0.05),术后2、6和12h静息和咳嗽时VAS评分均明显降低(P0.05)。两组术后恶心呕吐差异无统计学意义。结论在老年股骨近端骨折手术中采用全麻联合改良髂筋膜间隙阻滞,具有术中减少全麻药物的用量、术后恢复佳、术后镇痛效果好等优点。     

超声引导神经阻滞辅以瑞芬太尼用于膝部以下手术麻醉的观察

目的 观察超声引导下单纯腘窝坐骨神经阻滞或联合股神经阻滞辅以瑞芬太尼用于膝部以下手术的麻醉效果.方法 拟行膝部以下手术患者40例,随机均分为腘窝坐骨神经阻滞联合股神经阻滞组(FSB组)与单纯腘窝坐骨神经阻滞组(SB组),所有患者均静脉连续输注瑞芬太尼.记录神经阻滞操作时间、术中VAS疼痛评分、瑞芬太尼输注速率、患者满意度及不良反应.结果 与SB组比较,FSB组VAS疼痛评分明显降低,瑞芬太尼输注速率减慢,患者满意度明显升高,药物相关并发症发生率明显降低(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论 联合股神经阻滞辅以低于0.1μg·kg-1·min-1瑞芬太尼可安全有效地用于膝部以下手术麻醉.     

腰丛-坐骨神经联合阻滞用于老年患者下肢手术的临床研究

目的探讨腰丛-坐骨神经联合阻滞在老年患者下肢手术应用的可行性。方法40例60岁以上拟行单侧下肢手术的患者随机均分为两组。A组采用神经刺激器定位技术,正确定位腰丛和坐骨神经后分别给予0.375%罗哌卡因20～25ml和0.5%罗哌卡因15～20ml;B组选择L2～3或L3～4间隙行硬膜外麻醉,给予0.75%罗哌卡因10～15ml。观察两组血流动力学变化、阻滞效果及其不良反应。结果B组麻醉15min后各时点的SBP、DBP均明显低于麻醉前及A组(P<0.05或P<0.01);A组镇痛持续时间长于B组(P<0.05),但运动阻滞持续时间短于B组(P<0.05);B组术中使用麻黄碱的例数及输液量高于A组(P<0.05);B组患者围术期恶心、呕吐、尿潴留等不良反应的发生率明显高于A组(P<0.01)。结论腰丛-坐骨神经联合阻滞对血流动力学影响小,术后镇痛时间长,并发症少,适用于老年患者下肢手术。     

超声引导下股神经-坐骨神经联合阻滞与硬膜外阻滞对老年膝关节置换术患者应激反应的影响

目的探讨股超声引导下股神经-坐骨神经联合阻滞与硬膜外阻滞对老年膝关节置换术患者应激反应的影响,以期为老年膝关节置换术患者麻醉方式的选择提供参考。方法选取本院2014年11月至2016年11月择期行单侧膝关节置换术的老年患者,共计70例。年龄65~78岁,体重指数(BMI)17.5~26.5kg/m~2,ASA分级Ⅰ~Ⅱ级。随机分为股神经-坐骨神经联合阻滞组(SF组)和硬膜外阻滞组(EA组),每组35例。分别记录两组患者麻醉前(T_0)、麻醉后即刻(T_1)、切皮时(T_2)、假体植入后(T_3)、出室前(T_4)收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率(HR)及上述各时点白细胞计数(WBC)、皮质醇(COR)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、血糖(GLU)浓度。结果在血流动力学方面,EA组患者T1、T2时点SBP、DBP、HR显著低于SF组(P0.05)。而在T_3、T_4时点,EA组患者SBP、DBP、HR显著高于SF组(P0.05)。在应激反应方面,EA组患者T_3时点白细胞计数、血糖浓度显著高于SF组(P0.05)。结论与硬膜外阻滞相比,股神经-坐骨神经联合阻滞对血流动力学影响较小,并且能在一定程度上抑制老年膝关节置换术患者应激反应,具有一定的应用推广价值。     

神经刺激仪引导下连续外周神经阻滞用于下肢术后镇痛的效果

目的观察神经刺激仪引导下连续外周神经阻滞用于下肢术后镇痛的效果。方法 90例择期行单侧下肢手术的患者,随机均分为:神经刺激仪引导下连续外周神经阻滞镇痛组(N组),连续硬膜外镇痛组(E组),连续静脉给药镇痛组(I组)。N组麻醉前根据手术情况选择适当的下肢神经在刺激仪的引导下定位、穿刺留置导管;E组麻醉前行腰段(L3~4)硬膜外穿刺留置导管。三组患者麻醉方法及用药相同,手术结束前10min,N组经留置导管推注0.2%罗哌卡因15ml;E组经留置导管推注0.2%罗哌卡因10ml,I组静脉推注地佐辛5mg后接镇痛泵,配方分别为:N组0.2%罗哌卡因;E组0.2%罗哌卡因与0.5μg/ml舒芬太尼混合液;I组1.0μg/ml舒芬太尼。记录麻醉前(T0)、术后1h(T1)、4h(T2)、12h(T3)、24h(T4)、48h(T5)的SBP、DBP、HR、SpO2、VAS评分和Ramsay镇静评分及不良反应发生情况。结果与I组比较,N组和E组术后T1~T5时VAS评分明显降低(P0.05);T1~T3时Ramsay镇静评分明显升高(P0.05)。与T0和N组比较,T1~T3时E组SBP、DBP明显下降(P0.05)。与N组比较,E组和I组恶心呕吐、瘙痒发生率也明显升高(P0.05);E组的尿潴留发生率也明显升高(P0.05)。三组头晕、运动阻滞发生率差异无统计学意义。结论神经刺激仪引导下连续外周神经阻滞用于下肢手术后镇痛简便、安全、镇痛完善且不良反应少,值得临床推广。     

超声引导股骨近端一针两点技术在老年膝关节以下手术的应用

目的 探讨超声引导股骨近端一针两点(single-penetration dual-injection,SPEDI)技术用于老年膝关节以下手术的安全性、便捷性、有效性. 方法 选择行膝关节以下手术的老年患者80例,按随机数字表法分为两组(每组40例):SPEDI技术组(A组)、腘窝坐骨神经联合隐神经阻滞组(B组).超声引导下使用0.5％盐酸罗哌卡因20 ml和5 ml行坐骨神经及隐神经阻滞,记录两组摆体位时间,阻滞操作时间和总操作时间,入室给予镇静药后(T0)、操作时(T1)、切皮时(T2)、手术结束时(T3)的SBP、DBP和HR,评估注药后10、20、30 min时感觉阻滞、运动阻滞及术中使用舒芬太尼情况. 结果 A组摆体位时间、阻滞操作时间和总操作时间显著短于B组(P＜0.05);操作时A组血流动力学指标比B组平稳(P＜0.05);腓肠神经在注药后20、30 min,胫神经在注药后30 min的感觉阻滞B组高于A组(P＜0.05);运动阻滞及术中舒芬太尼需要量组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05). 结论 SPEDI技术在老年膝关节以下手术中操作便捷、安全、有效,值得在临床上广泛推广.     

神经刺激器定位腰丛-坐骨神经联合阻滞在老年人下肢手术的应用

目的探讨神经刺激器定位下行腰丛-坐骨神经联合阻滞在老年人下肢手术中的应用,以硬膜外麻醉作对照,观察其对老年病人血流动力学的影响和术后的不良反应。方法60例拟行单侧下肢手术的老年病人,随机分为腰丛-坐骨神经联合阻滞（NER）和硬膜外麻醉（EPI）。记录麻醉前,麻醉开始后15、30、45、60min,术后1h的收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）和心率（HR）,以及感觉、运动神经阻滞起效及恢复时间、镇痛维持时间、效果。结果麻醉开始后15min。EPI组病人DBP降低明显,随后30、45、60min及术后1hEPI组病人的SBP、DBP均明显低于NER组;NER组感觉、运动神经阻滞起效时间均小于EPI组,恢复时间明显长于EPI组。结论神经刺激器定位下行腰丛-坐骨神经联合阻滞,成功率高,血流动力学平稳,并发症少,起效迅速,镇痛时间长,是老年病人进行单侧下肢手术较好的麻醉方法。     

区域阻滞麻醉技术在髋关节手术中的应用进展

随着超声技术在麻醉领域中的广泛应用和对髋关节神经支配的深入认识,越来越多的区域阻滞麻醉技术用于髋关节手术患者的麻醉与镇痛。本文就腰丛阻滞(LPB)、髂筋膜间隙阻滞(FICB)、腰方肌阻滞(QLB)、竖脊肌平面阻滞(ESPB)和髋关节囊周神经(PENG)阻滞的解剖及入路、临床应用和并发症等方面等进行综述,以探讨各种区域阻滞麻醉技术在髋关节手术中的应用进展。     

Combined popliteal and posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh blocks for short saphenous vein stripping in outpatients: An alternative to spinal anesthesia

Study Objective: To compare a combination of peripheral nerve blocks with spinal anesthesia in ambulatory patients undergoing short saphenous vein stripping.

Design: Prospective, randomized study.

Setting: University hospital.

Patients: 28 ASA physical status I and II ambulatory surgery patients undergoing short saphenous vein stripping.

Interventions: 14 patients received a popliteal block (sciatic nerve block at the popliteal fossa) using 30 ml of alkalinized 3 % chloroprocaine and a posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh block with 10 ml of 1% lidocaine. The 14 patients who were randomized to the spinal anesthesia group received 65 mg of 5% hyperbaric lidocaine.

Measurements and Main Results: There were no significant differences in age and gender between the two groups (mean age 53 ± 13 years, 8 men and 20 women). Patients in the peripheral nerve block group recovered significantly faster in phase 1 of the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) (67 ± 10 min vs. 122 ± 50 min, p < 0.01) and were discharged home sooner (222 ± 53 min vs. 294 ± 69 min, p < 0.01) than the patients in the spinal anesthesia group.

Conclusions: The combination of popliteal and posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh blocks provided adequate anesthesia and a faster recovery profile with a similar subjective acceptance of both anesthetic techniques in ambulatory patients undergoing short saphenous vein stripping in the prone position.     

A review of approaches and techniques for lower extremity nerve blocks

PURPOSE: The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize the evidence derived from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding approaches and techniques for lower extremity nerve blocks. SOURCE: Using the MEDLINE (January 1966 to April 2007) and EMBASE (January 1980 to April 2007) databases, medical subject heading (MeSH) terms "lumbosacral plexus", "femoral nerve", "obturator nerve", "saphenous nerve", "sciatic nerve", "peroneal nerve" and "tibial nerve" were searched and combined with the MESH term "nerve block" using the operator "and". Keywords "lumbar plexus", "psoas compartment", "psoas sheath", "sacral plexus", "fascia iliaca", "three-in-one", "3-in-1", "lateral femoral cutaneous", "posterior femoral cutaneous", "ankle" and "ankle block" were also queried and combined with the MESH term "nerve block". The search was limited to RCTs involving human subjects and published in the English language. Forty-six RCTs were identified. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Compared to its anterior counterpart (3-in-1 block), the posterior approach to the lumbar plexus is more reliable when anesthesia of the obturator nerve is required. The fascia iliaca compartment block may also represent a better alternative than the 3-in-1 block because of improved efficacy and efficiency (quicker performance time, lower cost). For blockade of the sciatic nerve, the classic transgluteal approach constitutes a reliable method. Due to a potentially shorter time for sciatic nerve electrolocation and catheter placement than for the transgluteal approach, the subgluteal approach should also be considered. Compared to electrolocation of the peroneal nerve, electrostimulation of the tibial nerve may offer a higher success rate especially with the transgluteal and lateral popliteal approaches. Furthermore, when performing sciatic and femoral blocks with low volumes of local anesthetics, a multiple-injection technique should be used. CONCLUSIONS: Published reports of RCTs provide evidence to formulate limited recommendations regarding optimal approaches and techniques for lower limb anesthesia. Further well-designed and meticulously executed RCTs are warranted, particularly in light of new techniques involving ultrasonographic guidance.     

A comparison of two approaches to sciatic nerve block

This study compared the posterior and popliteal fossa approaches for sciatic nerve block. Patients scheduled to undergo foot surgery were allocated randomly into one of two groups: group A (n = 20) received sciatic nerve block via the posterior approach and group B (n = 20) received a block using the popliteal fossa approach. All blocks were performed with the aid of a peripheral nerve stimulator and alkalinised 0.5% bupivacaine with 1 in 200,000 adrenaline was injected in a dose of 2 mg.kg-1. Nineteen of 20 blocks in group A were successful compared with nine of 20 in group B (p less than 0.01). There was no significant difference between the groups in respect of time to onset or duration of block. Patients in group B reported less discomfort during performance of the sciatic nerve block but required supplementary nerve blocks more frequently. We recommend the use of the posterior approach for sciatic nerve block.     

Systematic review of the effects of fascia iliaca compartment block on hip fracture patients before operation

Background

Fascia iliaca compartment block is used for hip fractures in order to reduce pain, the need for systemic analgesia, and prevent delirium, on this basis. This systematic review was conducted to investigate the analgesic and adverse effects of fascia iliaca block on hip fracture in adults when applied before operation.

Lateral popliteal sciatic nerve block: a single injection targeting the tibial branch of the sciatic nerve is as effective as a double-injection technique

BACKGROUND: Evidence indicating that single- and double-injection techniques for inducing a sciatic nerve block via a posterior subgluteal approach yield a similar success rate prompted us to investigate whether the two anesthetic techniques yield a similar success rate via a lateral approach. We also hypothesized that, owing to the peculiar anatomic features of the sciatic nerve at the popliteal level, a single injection via the lateral approach might induce effective anesthesia by targeting the tibial nerve only. METHODS: Ninety-six patients undergoing popliteal sciatic nerve block via a lateral popliteal approach for foot surgery were randomized to receive a single 30-ml injection of ropivacaine 7.5 mg/ml to block the tibial nerve (TN group, n= 32) or the common peroneal nerve (CPN group, n= 32), or two separate 15-ml injections (TN + CPN group, n= 32), after stimulation to evoke motor responses from the target nerves. RESULTS: The mean time to obtain a complete sensory blockade (surgical anesthesia) was shorter in the TN group than in the CPN and TN + CPN groups (14 +/- 7 min vs. 23 +/- 17 and 21 +/- 14 min, respectively; P < 0.05). The success rate was similar in the TN and TN + CPN groups (94%) and, 25 min after the initial injection, was already better in these groups than in the CPN group (94% vs. 75%; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A lateral popliteal sciatic nerve block obtained with a single 30-ml injection of ropivacaine 7.5 mg/ml after electrostimulation to locate the tibial nerve is as effective as multiple TN + CPN stimulation and injection, and local anesthesia has a significantly shorter onset time.     

超声引导下腰骶丛神经阻滞联合全麻在高龄患者髋关节置换术的临床应用

目的观察超声引导下腰骶丛神经阻滞联合全麻在老年髋关节置换术的临床应用效果。方法择期行单侧髋关节置换术的老年患者80例,男35例,女45例,年龄65~85岁,随机均分为全麻组(G组)和腰骶丛神经阻滞联合全麻组(N组)。G组行全凭静脉麻醉,N组在超声引导下实施腰丛、骶丛神经阻滞后行无肌松静脉麻醉,两组均采用喉罩通气。术中两组均维持BIS 45~55,记录术中舒芬太尼用量、术后拔管时间、下床活动时间和出院时间;记录术后2、4、8、24h疼痛VAS评分及术后24h静脉自控镇痛(PCA)药物用量,并记录术后30d死亡率,对术后认知功能障碍(POCD)和术后谵妄(POD)情况和术后心血管和肺部并发症进行评估。结果术后30d两组患者均无死亡。N组患者术中舒芬太尼的使用量、PCA药物用量明显少于,术后拔管时间、下床活动时间和出院时间均明显短于G组(P0.05);术后2、4、8和24h时N组VAS评分明显低于G组(P0.05);G组1例患者术后出现严重肺部感染,术后N组POCD、POD发生率明显低于G组(P0.05)。结论与全麻比较,超声引导下腰骶丛神经阻滞联合全麻应用于老年髋关节置换术,减少了术中阿片类药物的用量,术后早期镇痛效果更好,明显缩短了下床活动时间和出院时间,且降低了老年患者POCD和POD的发生率。