碘、钼、硒、镁、硼预防小鼠氟斑牙效果的评价

目的 通过观察微量元素碘、钼、硒、镁、硼预防小鼠氟斑牙的效果,筛选较优的抗氟元素.方法 将170只雄性ICR小鼠随机分为17个组:空白组饮用双蒸水,氟组饮用含110mg·L<'-1>NaF的双蒸水,15个微量元素组分别将碘化钾、钼酸钠、亚硒酸钠、四硼酸钠、硫酸镁按照各自化合物半数致死剂量(LD<,50>的25%、50%...     

Beyond祛色剂对小鼠氟斑牙模型牙釉质显微硬度影响的实验研究

目的 观察Beyond祛色剂对小鼠氟斑牙模型牙釉质显微硬度的影响.方法 建立小鼠氟斑牙模型,将小鼠随机分为5个实验组和1个对照组,每组10只,实验组分别用Beyond祛色剂I液(A组),Beyond美白胶和冷光光照后再用Beyond祛色剂I液(B组),Beyond祛色剂I液后再用Beyond祛色剂Ⅱ液(C组),抛光杯单纯抛光(D组)处理切牙牙面,Beyond祛色剂I液处理牙面后2周(E组).对照组不做任何处理.处死后取小鼠的上切牙制成标本,进行显微硬度测定,并在扫描电镜下观察高浓度氟化物对小鼠重度氟斑牙模型釉质结构的影响.结果 A、B、C 3组显微硬度均与D、E、对照组3组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).A、B、C 3组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).D、E、对照3组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).扫描电镜观察釉质表面凹凸不平,在釉质缺损区可见条索状结构不规则排列.结论 Beyond祛色剂可造成氟斑牙牙釉质显微硬度下降.经2周唾液再矿化可使釉质硬度达到脱色前水平.     

氟对大鼠氟斑牙形成和成釉细胞DNA损伤的研究

目的：研究在氟中毒引起氟斑牙时,氟对大鼠切牙成釉细胞DNA损伤的影响。方法：给雄性SD大鼠饮用含10、50、100mg/LNaF的高氟水120d,制备氟斑牙模型,用单细胞凝胶电泳检测DNA的损伤。结果：雄性SD大鼠饮用高氟水后,血清氟含量较对照组显著增高,P〈0.05。饮水氟含量与血清氟含量的相关系数为0.9153（P〈0.05）,具有较好的剂量-效应关系,大鼠切牙呈现典型的氟斑牙改变。在50mg/LNaF的剂量条件下,大鼠切牙成釉细胞彗星长与对照组比较,P〈0.05。在100mg/LNaF的剂量条件下,彗星长、Olive尾距、尾分布距与对照组比较,P〈0.05,而尾长值虽比对照组增加,但P〉0.05。低剂量染氟组（10mg/LNaF）大鼠切牙成釉细胞DNA损伤情况与对照组比较,没有显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论：在氟中毒引起氟斑牙的过程中,大鼠切牙成釉细胞发生明显的DNA损伤。     

硼氟联合作用对大鼠切牙釉蛋白表达的影响

目的通过观察过量氟、硼以及氟硼联合作用对大鼠切牙釉蛋白表达的影响,初步探讨硼在预防氟斑牙中的作用。方法选择32只Wistar大鼠,随机分为4组。Ⅰ组常规饮用蒸馏水;Ⅱ组饮用含氟化钠质量浓度为220 mg/L的氟化水;Ⅲ组饮用含硼质量浓度为382 mg/L的水;Ⅳ组饮用含氟、硼质量浓度分别为220 mg/L、382 mg/L的水。8周后处死动物,获取切牙标本,利用免疫组织化学法和HE染色观察大鼠切牙成釉细胞和釉蛋白的表达。结果Ⅱ组釉蛋白的表达明显弱于Ⅰ组（P<0.01）,Ⅲ组与Ⅰ组表达差异无统计学意义,Ⅳ组与Ⅰ组表达差异无统计学意义,Ⅳ组与Ⅱ组表达差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论过量氟可抑制釉蛋白的表达,而经硼与氟的联合作用后,釉蛋白表达所受影响降低。硼可降低氟对牙齿的危害性。     

北川地区氟化物对人群氟斑牙的影响调查研究

目的　调查青海省大通县北川地区人群氟化物水平。方法　对调查区内随机抽取的不同年龄组居民的氟斑牙患病情况、尿氟结果与当地环境氟水平之间的关系进行分析。结果　氟斑牙患病率达 5 4.6 8% ;尿氟浓度为 ( 1.5 1± 1.12 )mg/L。环境要素中的大气、农作物和土壤含氟量分别超过相应的标准值或背景值。结论　工业氟污染是引起该区人群慢性氟中毒的主要原因。     

氟斑牙冷光美白应用祛氟剂及微打磨技术的效果评价

目的:评价氟斑牙冷光美白应用祛氟剂及微打磨技术的效果.方法:将四川省第四人民医院口腔科2012年8月-2015年7月收治的122例中度氟斑牙患者按照随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组,每组61例.全部患者实施预处理.对照组实施Beyond冷光美白治疗联合祛氟剂涂抹治疗.研究组在冷光美白治疗之前实施微打磨治疗,后续治疗同对照组.比较2组治疗完成时、治疗后1个月及6个月的牙美白效果及美白治疗时的牙敏感度.采用SPSS19.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析.结果:2组均无无效病例,均无失访病例.研究组治疗完成时、治疗1个月后及6个月后美白效果均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).治疗过程中无牙极敏感病例.2组不显著敏感率及显著敏感率均无显著差异(P＞O.05).结论:氟斑牙冷光美白时应用祛氟剂及微打磨技术可显著提高美白效果,且不会因显著增加牙敏感性而导致治疗中断.     

树脂贴面修复氟斑牙的临床应用体会

我国氟牙症流行区较广,导致前牙变色,使患者的面容美观受到损害,尤其对青少年的心理健康产生不良影响。目前,国内多采用贴面方法对氟斑牙进行美容性修复。贴面主要有树脂类贴面、瓷贴面等。瓷贴面由于磨除牙体组织较多,粘结剂粘结不太牢固,制作工艺复杂,价格昂贵等原因不易普及;而树脂贴面由于磨除牙体组织较少,粘结牢固,色泽逼真,容易操作,价格便宜等,     

氟斑牙患者的牙齿颜色和心理相关性研究

目的：研究氟斑牙患者的牙齿颜色和他们社会心理状况的相关性,从而对氟斑牙患者的美白需求趋势作出评估。方法：以2008年12月～2010年12月来徐州市口腔医院就诊的氟斑牙患者336例作为调查对象,采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）对其心理反应症状进行评定,按年龄分组与常模组进行比较,应用统计学软件CS10．34对数据进行t＇检验。采用牙齿颜色认知与美白心理问卷评定被测试者对牙齿颜色的认知程度。结果：18～29岁组患者的人际关系敏感、焦虑、敌意因子得分高于常模组（P＜0．05）。30～39岁组患者人际关系敏感因子得分高于常模组（P＜0．05）。40～49岁组患者人际关系敏感、抑郁因子得分高于常模组（P＜0．05）。50～60岁组患者各因子得分与常模组差异无统计学意义。71．4％的氟斑牙患者对自己的牙齿颜色不满意,72．6％的被调查者认为牙齿颜色美白对他们重要。结论：氟斑牙患者的牙齿颜色与心理状况相关,大多数氟斑牙患者可能有牙齿美白需求。     

渗透树脂联合微研磨或联合美白用于氟斑牙治疗的美学效果分析

目的:分析渗透树脂联合微研磨或联合美白用于治疗氟斑牙的美学效果.方法:筛选符合纳入标准的氟斑牙患者24例(80颗患牙,TSIF =4),随机分为渗透树脂+微研磨组、渗透树脂+美白组,并进行相应处理.口内照相后使用图像软件分析患牙治疗前(baseline T0)、1周复诊(T2)、6月复诊(T3)不同时刻病损区域与周围正...     

氧化性漂白剂对大鼠氟斑牙的脱色研究

目的:探究不同漂白剂对大鼠氟斑牙氧化脱色后釉质颜色、硬度和结构特征变化。方法:通过Vita比色板、显微硬度计和扫描电子显微镜等观察30%H₂O₂、 1%ClO₂、1%H₂O₂+1%CaCl₂、1%H₂O₂+50 U/ml辣根过氧化物酶5组漂白处理对大鼠氟斑牙的脱色效果(n=11～12)。结果:ClO₂对大鼠氟斑牙漂白效果最明显; 1%H₂O₂+1%CaCl₂处理对釉质硬度影响较小; 1%H₂O₂+过氧化物酶、30%H₂O₂ 2种处理对釉质结构影响相近。结论:ClO₂对氟斑牙漂白效果明显,少量钙离子可减少漂白处理对牙体硬度的影响。     

Longhurst法釉质微打磨和漂白治疗氟斑牙的探讨

目的　探讨釉质微打磨和漂白联合应用治疗氟斑牙的疗效。方法　将患者有氟斑牙着色的上颌前牙按中线分为两组 ,每组随机采用Longhurst釉质微打磨或Longhurst釉质微打磨后漂白 4周 ,通过比色板记录牙齿的颜色 ,并通过敏感表比较这两种方法对牙齿和牙龈敏感程度的影响。结果　Longhurst釉质微打磨后漂白 4周的牙齿颜色比单独Longhurst釉质微打磨的牙齿颜色更白 ,这两种方法牙齿和牙龈的敏感程度差异无显著性。 结论　Longhurst釉质微打磨与漂白联合应用治疗氟斑牙效果更好     

自制氟斑牙比色板临床使用效果评价

目的研究自制氟斑牙比色板的临床使用效果。方法由3名口腔修复专业医生,分别采用自制氟斑牙比色板及VITA16色比色板对30例氟斑牙患者在自然光下进行比色,按照2种比色结果分别制作修复体,根据医生及患者满意度对疗效进行评价。结果通过对修复体的满意度调查,医生及患者对根据自制氟斑牙比色板制作的修复体满意度明显高于根据VITA16色比色板制作的修复体。结论在对氟斑牙患者比色中,自制氟斑牙比色板较VITA16色比色板省时、高效。     

Risk periods in the development of dental fluorosis

In order to study the age-related susceptibility to dental fluorosis, 40 children who had been lifelong consumers of moderate- to high-fluoride water (0.55–8.48 mg F/l) were examined, as well as a group of older siblings (n = 40) who were born 6 months to 6 years before the fluoride-containing drinking water was introduced to the household. Background information was obtained through a structured questionnaire. Dental fluorosis was scored according to the TF index. Among the 80 children examined, the permanent incisors were erupted in 66, while 67 had permanent first molars present. As compared to their older siblings, the prevalence of dental fluorosis was significantly higher in the children who had consumed moderate- to high-fluoride water throughout their lives. In a multiple regression analysis, the variable “age when introduced to moderate- to high-fluoride water” came out as the only significant risk factor associated with dental fluorosis. This variable was divided into three categories according to the first exposure to moderate- to high-fluoride drinking water (1) 0–12 months of age, (2) 13–24 months of age and (3) after 24 months of age. Category 3 was used as the reference group. Fluoride exposure starting during the 1st year of life showed the highest odds ratio as compared to exposure only after 2 years of age. The findings indicate that early mineralising teeth (central incisors and first molars) are highly susceptible to dental fluorosis if exposed to fluoride from the first and – to a lesser extent – also from the 2nd year of life. Received: 20 July 1998 / Accepted: 22 October 1998     

Associations between dental fluorosis of the permanent and primary dentitions

OBJECTIVES: Relatively little is known about associations between primary and permanent tooth fluorosis. In this study, associations between dental fluorosis of the permanent and primary dentitions were assessed. METHODS: Subjects (n = 601) are in the Iowa Fluoride Study, which included fluorosis examinations of the primary and early-erupting permanent dentitions by trained dentist examiners. Relative risks, correlations, and logistic regression assessed associations between permanent tooth fluorosis and primary molar fluorosis. RESULTS: Ten percent had primary molar fluorosis at age 5; 36% had definitive (mostly mild), 28% questionable, and 36% no permanent incisor fluorosis at age 9. Those with primary molar fluorosis were significantly more likely to have definitive permanent incisor fluorosis (76% vs. 32%), and permanent molar fluorosis (59% vs. 16%). The strong association between primary and permanent tooth fluorosis is independent of level of fluoride intake. CONCLUSIONS: Detection of primary tooth fluorosis in pre-school children should alert clinicians and parents to the high likelihood of subsequent fluorosis in the permanent dentition.     

冷光美白术与祛氟剂脱色协同治疗氟牙症的临床疗效

目的:评价应用Beyond冷光美白术结合祛氟剂脱色协同治疗氟牙症的临床疗效.方法:将75 名氟牙症患者根据牙齿着色的轻、中、重度随机分入观察组、对照1 组、对照2 组.观察组25 名患者150 颗患牙,采用Beyond冷光美白术结合祛氟剂治疗;对照1组25 名患者148 颗患牙,采用Beyond冷光美白术治疗;对照2 组25 名患者148 颗患牙,采用祛氟剂治疗.治疗结束后采用Vita比色板比色,计算各组色阶提高值和有效率,并进行统计学分析.结果:治疗后,3 组轻度氟牙症患者的色阶提高值和治疗有效率无显著性差异(P>0.05);而观察组中、重度氟牙症患者的色阶提高值和有效率明显的高于对照1 组和对照2 组,有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:Beyond冷光美白结合祛氟剂治疗氟牙症有良好的临床疗效.     

中重度氟斑牙烤瓷修复比色板的研制

目的 研制适合临床中重度氟斑牙烤瓷修复比色用的比色板. 方法 制作300 块金属基底比色板, B组、F组、G组各100块,用5种配方的外染色瓷粉进行上釉染色. 用Shade Eye-NCC第2代电脑比色仪测定不同配方制作的比色板的色度学参数值,比较其与中重度氟斑牙的色差. 结果 B组4号和5号配方,F组2、4、5号配方和G组1号配方的金属基底比色板与中重度氟斑牙的色差小于临床可接受的色差值. 结论 本研究制作的金属基底比色板为中重度氟斑牙烤瓷修复的比色提供了新的方法.     

家用过氧化脲凝胶对氟斑牙着色斑漂白作用的临床评价

目的:评价家用过氧化脲凝胶对氟斑牙着色斑漂白的临床效果.方法:将24例氟斑牙患者的108颗着色氟斑牙,根据着色区着色深浅分为轻、中、重度3组.用过氧化脲凝胶进行家庭漂白.在治疗前、治疗结束时及治疗结束1年后,采用CMYK色值表对氟斑牙着色斑进行比色,记录漂白前、后的色阶变化及疗程,计算漂白有效率并评价疗效稳定性;用数字化疼痛评判法记录受试者术中牙的敏感度.采用SPSS13.0软件包对结果进行x2检验.结果:(1)轻度氟斑牙着色斑脱色效果显著,1个疗程内漂白有效率达100%;中、重度氟斑牙着色斑脱色效果稍差,有效率分别为94.29%和86.21%,3组间无统计学差异(P＞0.05).(2)治疗结束1年后复查,3组漂白有效率与治疗结束时比较均无统计学差异(P＞0.05).(3)用药时,部分患者有不同程度的牙酸痛症状,敏感率为56.52%,停止用药2～3h后,敏感症状消失.结论:家用过氧化脲凝胶治疗氟斑牙着色斑效果显著,具有一定的安全性和稳定性.     

安康地区蒿坪、流水两地氟牙症流行病学调查

目的:了解安康地区所辖蒿坪和流水两地氟牙症流行状况和临床表现特征,为进一步的氟牙症和氟中毒的防治工作提供参考依据。方法:2009年11月以问卷调查和临床检查的形式对蒿坪、流水两镇681名10～22岁青少年进行氟牙症的流行病学调查。病变程度采用Dean氟牙症分度法进行分度;同时采集当地饮用水,茜素磺酸锆目视比色法进行氟含量检测。结果:蒿坪、流水两镇受检者中共检出628例氟牙症病人,患病率为92.22%。蒿坪、流水两镇饮用水氟含量分别为0.38 mg/L及0.98mg/L,均未超过国家饮用水含氟标准(≤1.0mg/L)。氟牙症病变主要集中于前牙唇面的切、中1/3,而颈1/3较少累及。结论:安康地区氟牙症流行状况与饮用水无明显相关性,应考虑其他引起氟牙症流行的相关因素。     

Acceptability,efficacy and safety of two treatment protocols for dental fluorosis: A randomized clinical trial

Objectives

This parallel randomized clinical trial evaluated the efficacy of two treatments for removing fluorosis stains.

Methods

Seventy individuals living in an area endemic for fluorosis, with at least four maxillary anterior teeth presenting fluorosis with a Thylstrup and Fejerskov index from 1 to 7, were randomized into two treatment groups (n = 35): GI – enamel microabrasion or GII – microabrasion associated with at-home bleaching. Microabrasion was performed using 37% phosphoric acid and pumice and, at-home tooth bleaching was performed with 10% carbamide peroxide. Areas of enamel opacities were recorded by digital camera at baseline and 1-month (1 M) after treatment. Two blinded examiners evaluated the reduction in the area (mm²) of opacity using software. Two visual analogue scales were used: one for recording tooth sensitivity and/or gingival irritation ranging from 1 (none) to 5 (severe) and the other to evaluate participant satisfaction with the treatment used ranging from 1 (no improvement) to 7 (exceptional improvement).

Results

1 M after treatment, both groups showed a significant reduction in the area of enamel opacity (p = 0.0001) and there was no difference between groups (p = 0.1). Most of the participants from both treatment groups reported no or mild tooth sensitivity and gingival irritation (p > 0.05). Participants reported that they were happy with the improvement in dental appearance, however, individuals from GII reported that they were happier than those from GI (p = 0.004).

Conclusions

Both treatment protocols were effective in reducing fluoride stains, however, when home bleaching was associated to enamel microabrasion, patients reported a major satisfaction with dental appearance.