双相障碍抑郁发作与单相抑郁症患者听觉事件相关电位P300的对照研究

目的:探讨双相障碍I型抑郁发作与单相抑郁患者听觉事件相关电位P300的差异及与各自临床特征相关性。方法:对60例双相障碍I型抑郁发作患者(双相组)、50例单相抑郁患者(单相组)以及50名正常对照者(对照组)进行P300检测;偏相关分析患者组P300与其临床特征及功能相关性。结果:患者组较对照组N1、P2、N2、P3a和P3b潜伏期显著延长(分别F=9.17,F=8.74,F=15.27,F=7.98,F=10.64;P均0.01);3组间N2-P3b潜伏期差异无统计学意义(F=0.46,P0.05);患者组较对照组N1、P2、N2、P3a、P3b和N2-P3b波幅显著降低(分别F=12.23,F=7.27,F=14.16,F=6.96,F=8.58,F=5.36;P均0.01);患者组较对照组按键反应时间显著延长(F=55.37,P0.01);单相组较双相组N1、N2波幅降低、N2潜伏期延长(P均0.05),双相组较单相组按键反应时间延长(P0.01)。双相组N1波幅与其HAMD评分负相关(P0.01),N2潜伏期与其HAMD评分正相关(P0.01),按键反应时间与其病程和HAMD评分正相关(P均0.05);单相组N2波幅与其HAMD评分负相关(P0.01),按键反应时间与其HAMD评分正相关(P0.05)。结论:双相障碍I型抑郁发作与单相抑郁患者听觉事件相关电位P300均存在异常,但损害有差异;P300异常在二者可能均为状态与素质性并存。     

不同亚型老年期抑郁障碍P300特征比较分析

目的 探讨不同亚型老年期抑郁障碍事件相关电位P300的特征.方法 采用配对研究,分别对60例老年期抑郁障碍患者(单相组32例,双相组28例)及60例正常老年对照组进行听觉诱发电位P300(ERP-P300)检测,比较患者P300指标改变与汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、老年认知功能量表(SECF)得分的相关性.结果 单相组P2、N2、P3的潜伏期比对照组明显延长,P2、N2、P3波幅比对照组明显降低,反应时间比对照组明显延长,有显著性差异(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);双相组P2、P3的潜伏期比对照组明显延长,P2、N2、P3波幅比对照组明显降低,反应时间比对照组明显长,有显著性差异(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).单相抑郁组N2、P3潜伏期及反应时间比双相抑郁组明显延长(P＜0.05及P＜0.01).单相组P3波幅及反应时间与SECF得分呈负相关(P＜0.05).结论 P300在老年期抑郁障碍认知功能损害评定有一定意义,老年期单相和双相抑郁P300改变的特征不十分一致.     

老年期抑郁症患者事件相关电位P300特征

目的：探讨有无自杀行为的老年期抑郁症患者认知功能的事件相关电位P300特征。方法：对60例老年期抑郁症患者（有自杀行为者20例,无自杀行为者40例）及60例性别、年龄匹配的正常老年人为对照,进行听觉诱发的事件相关电位P300检测。同时应用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAND）及老年认知功能量表（SECF）分别评价抑郁症组抑郁情绪及认知功能。结果：抑郁症组与对照组相比,P2、N2、P3潜伏期明显延长,P2、P3波幅明显降低;有自杀行为组N2、P3波幅比无自杀行为组明显降低。抑郁症组HAMD总分与P300各指标无相关,SECF总分与N2、P2、P3潜伏期显著负相关。结论：P300对老年期抑郁症患者早期认知功能损害评定具有一定价值,有、无自杀行为的老年期抑郁症患者认知功能损害不同。     

老年期焦虑抑郁患者事件相关电位P300特征

目的：探讨老年期焦虑抑郁共病患者认知功能的事件相关电位P300特征。方法：对60例老年抑郁症患者（以伴有焦虑者为共病组25例,单纯抑郁症者为抑郁症组35例）及60名性别、年龄匹配的正常老年人（对照组）进行听觉诱发的事件相关电位P300检测。同时应用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）及老年认知功能量表（SECF）分别评价患者组抑郁、焦虑情绪及认知功能。结果：患者组P2、N2、P3潜伏期及反应时间比对照组明显延长,P2、P3波幅明显降低;共病组N2、P3波幅比抑郁症组明显降低,P3潜伏期明显延长。患者组HAMD、HAMA总分与P300各指标无相关,而SECF总分与N2、P2、P3潜伏期呈显著负相关。结论：P300对老年期抑郁症早期认知功能损害评定具有一定的价值,共病组患者认知功能损害程度大于抑郁症组。     

汉、维吾尔族神经症患者视觉事件相关电位P300对比研究

目的：探讨汉族与维吾尔族神经症患者视觉事件相关电位P300的异同。方法：选97例神经症患者作为神经症组（汉族48例,维族49例）,99例健康者作为对照组（汉族45例,维族47例）,对所有入组者均进行视觉事件相关电位P300检测并比较。结果：两组中汉族和维吾尔族神经症患者的靶N2潜伏期、靶P3潜伏期及波幅、非靶P2波幅差异均无统计学意义（P均〉0.05）;与正常对照组比较,汉族与维吾尔族神经症患者的靶N2潜伏期均延长（P均〈0.05）,靶P3潜伏期均延长且波幅降低（P均〈0.05）,非靶P2波幅均降低（P〈0.05）。结论：汉族与维吾尔族神经症患者的视觉事件相关电位P300差异无统计学意义;神经症患者的视觉事件相关电位P300有多项指标变化。     

男性首发抑郁症与精神分裂症患者事件相关电位P300的研究

目的:探讨男性首发抑郁症和首发精神分裂症患者事件相关电位P300的特征及差异。方法:入组首次发作且未经治疗的男性抑郁症患者50例(抑郁症组)、精神分裂症患者48例(精神分裂症组)与健康对照者45名(对照组)。使用听觉Oddball诱发模式测量P300电位的潜伏期和波幅;采用24项汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD-24)评估抑郁症组患者的临床症状,并使用简明精神病评定量表(BPRS)评估精神分裂症组患者的临床症状。结果:与对照组相比,抑郁症组与精神分裂症组的P300电位均表现为N2、P3潜伏期延长(P0.01),P3波幅减低(P0.01),但两病例组间N2、P3潜伏期及P3波幅的比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。抑郁症组HAMD评分、精神分裂症组BPRS评分与P300各项指标均无显著相关(P均0.05)。结论:首发男性抑郁症和精神分裂症患者均存在认知功能受损,但尚未发现两种疾病之间存在认知功能的差异。     

焦虑症的事件相关电位P300研究

目的观察焦虑症患者事件相关电位P300的变化特点.方法对22例焦虑症患者和22例健康成年人,应用Nicolet Bravo脑诱发电位做事件相关电位P300检测.结果与正常组相比,焦虑症组靶N2潜伏期延长(P<0.05),靶P2波幅低(P<0.01),靶P3潜伏期长且波幅低(P<0.01),非靶P2波幅低(P<0.01).P300各指标在男女性别之间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论焦虑症患者P300有多项指标变化,值得进一步随访.     

抑郁症患者听觉P300研究

目的观察抑郁症(Depression)听觉P300的变化特点.方法对34例抑郁症(D)患者和30名健康成年人(NC)应用Nicolet Bravo脑诱发电位仪进行事件相关电位P300检测.结果与NC组相比,D组CZ点N2潜伏期长,P3波幅低,非靶P2波幅低(P＜O.01);OZ点N2、P3潜伏期长,P3波幅低,非靶P2波幅低(P＜0.05～O.01).D组P300在两个脑区之间的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论D患者的P300有多项指标变异;其变异指标在Cz和Oz两位点略有不同.     

老年抑郁症和阿尔茨海默病的事件相关电位P300及关联性负变研究

目的探讨老年抑郁症(GD)和阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者的事件相关电位P300及关联性负变(CNV)变异。方法应用美国Nicolet Bravo脑诱发电位仪记录35例GD患者(GD组)、40例AD患者(AD组)和39例健康老年者(对照组)的P300和CNV,对3组研究对象的P300和CNV进行比较。结果 1 3组P2、N2潜伏期和P3波幅之间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。与对照组比较,AD组P2潜伏期、N2潜伏期延长(P0.05);GD组N2潜伏期延长,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),P3波幅均降低(P0.05)。AD组与GD组比较,AD组N2潜伏期延长(P0.05),P3波幅较GD组低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2 3组M2潜伏期、M1波幅及反应时间(RT)之间的差异有显著统计学意义(P0.01)。与对照组比较,AD组M2潜伏期明显延长,差异有显著统计学意义(P0.01),AD组与GD组M1波幅均降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),RT均延长,差异有显著统计学意义(P0.01)。AD组与GD组比较,AD组M2潜伏期延长,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),RT延长更明显,差异有显著统计学意义(P0.01)。结论 P300、CNV可作为反映GD和AD患者认知功能障碍的客观生理指标,对GD和AD诊断有一定的参考价值。     

事件相关电位P300、N400在血管性痴呆疾病中的应用研究

目的研究血管性痴呆患者的事件相关电位P300、N400的临床应用.方法对40例血管性痴呆和34例正常对照组进行P300、N400测试.结果VD组N1、P2、N2和P3、N4潜伏期均明显延长,P2、N2、P3、N4波幅降低,与对照组比较,有显著性差异.结论事件相关电位P300、N400是一种客观的神经电生理指标.对VD的早期诊断有实用价值.     

单相与双相抑郁症患者沉思反应及拖延行为的比较

目的:探讨单相与双相抑郁患者沉思反应及拖延行为的差异。方法:对32例单相抑郁(单相组)及31例双相抑郁(双相组)患者分别评定沉思量表(RRS)、一般拖延行为问卷(GPS)和汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD-17)评定;对26名正常对照者(健康组)给予RRS和GPS评定,然后进行组间比较。结果:抑郁组的RRS总分(55.8±9.5)显著高于健康组[(45.8±8.1),P0.01)],抑郁组的GPS总分(57.2±8.9)也显著高于健康组[(49.3±8.4),P0.05];单相组和双相组的RRS总分及GPS总分与HAMD总分及阻滞、绝望感因子分均呈显著正相关(r=0.368~0.491,P0.05或P0.01);单相组与双相组的RRS总分及各因子分和GPS总分差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:抑郁症患者比健康人更易陷入沉思,且也较易采取拖延方式;单相与双相抑郁症患者的沉思反应及拖延行为未见实质性差别,但在临床上需加以关注。     

注意缺陷多动障碍儿童事件相关电位P300特征分析

目的:探讨注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童事件相关电位(event related potential,ERP)P300的特点。方法:对100例ADHD患儿(研究组)[注意缺陷为主型(ADHD-I)34例、多动/冲动为主型(ADHD-HI)24例、混合型(ADHD-C)42例)]和100名正常儿童(对照组)前额区(Fz)、中央区(Cz)两个脑区的ERP P300潜伏期及波幅进行检测,比较分析研究组与对照组、ADHD各亚型及不同SNAP-Ⅳ评分分组(1.6~2.0为中度组、2.0为重度组)的P300潜伏期及波幅的差异。结果:1与对照组比较,研究组靶刺激在前额区(Fz)及中央区(Cz)P300潜伏期显著延长,波幅降低,差异具有统计学意义(P均0.01);2ADHD各亚型组间P300潜伏期与波幅差异无统计学意义(P0.05);3不同SNAP-IV评分组间,P300潜伏期与波幅差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:ADHD患儿P300的潜伏期显著延长,波幅降低,提示ADHD患儿对信息加工处理的速度减慢,注意力、记忆力缺陷及认知加工能力不足。     

Pattern recognition analyses of brain activation elicited by happy and neutral faces in unipolar and bipolar depression

Mourão‐Miranda J, Almeida JRC, Hassel S, de Oliveira L, Versace A, Marquand AF, Sato JR, Brammer M, Phillips ML. Pattern recognition analyses of brain activation elicited by happy and neutral faces in unipolar and bipolar depression.
Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 451–460. © 2012 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Objectives: Recently, pattern recognition approaches have been used to classify patterns of brain activity elicited by sensory or cognitive processes. In the clinical context, these approaches have been mainly applied to classify groups of individuals based on structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. Only a few studies have applied similar methods to functional MRI (fMRI) data. Methods: We used a novel analytic framework to examine the extent to which unipolar and bipolar depressed individuals differed on discrimination between patterns of neural activity for happy and neutral faces. We used data from 18 currently depressed individuals with bipolar I disorder (BD) and 18 currently depressed individuals with recurrent unipolar depression (UD), matched on depression severity, age, and illness duration, and 18 age‐ and gender ratio‐matched healthy comparison subjects (HC). fMRI data were analyzed using a general linear model and Gaussian process classifiers. Results: The accuracy for discriminating between patterns of neural activity for happy versus neutral faces overall was lower in both patient groups relative to HC. The predictive probabilities for intense and mild happy faces were higher in HC than in BD, and for mild happy faces were higher in HC than UD (all p < 0.001). Interestingly, the predictive probability for intense happy faces was significantly higher in UD than BD (p = 0.03). Conclusions: These results indicate that patterns of whole‐brain neural activity to intense happy faces were significantly less distinct from those for neutral faces in BD than in either HC or UD. These findings indicate that pattern recognition approaches can be used to identify abnormal brain activity patterns in patient populations and have promising clinical utility as techniques that can help to discriminate between patients with different psychiatric illnesses.     

抑郁症患者的认知功能、事件相关电位P300和MR扩散张量成像研究

目的 联合应用事件相关电位P300和MR扩散张量成像(DTI)研究抑郁症患者的认知功能损害,探讨抑郁症合并认知损害的机制. 方法 选取深圳市第二人民医院心理门诊自2008年5月至2009年9月接收的30例首发抑郁症患者作为抑郁症组,同期与抑郁症患者年龄、教育程度相匹配的健康志愿者30名做为对照组.应用威斯康星卡片分类测验(WCST)、P300检查和DTI扫描分别检测WCST各亚项得分、P3潜伏期和P3波幅、脑不同解剖部位的各向异性(FA)值.并对三者进行相关性分析. 结果 抑郁症组患者WCST各亚项得分、P3潜伏期和P3波幅与对照组相比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);与对照组相比,抑郁症组患者双侧额叶、扣带回前部、扣带回压部、胼胝体膝部和压部FA值下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);抑郁症组患者P3潜伏期与持续性错误数呈正相关关系(r=0.677,P=0.009),P3波幅与持续性错误数、不能维持完整分类数数均呈负相关关系(r=0.765,P=0.001;r=0.654,P=0.012),抑郁症组患者左、右侧额叶白质FA值分别与持续性错误数、不能维持完整分类数呈负相关关系(P<0.05). 结论 神经心理学和事件相关电位P300检查反映了抑郁症患者存在认知功能损害,P3潜伏期和P3波幅可作为认知功能的参考指标,DTI结果 揭示了抑郁症患者存在白质区域神经纤维的异常,这可能是抑郁症合并认知损害的神经病理学基础之一.     

综合心理行为干预对军事演习应激状态官兵心理健康和事件相关电位P300的影响

目的 探讨综合心理行为干预对军事演习应激状态下官兵心理健康和事件相关电位P300的影响.方法 以某部参加军事演习的127名官兵为研究对象,以班为单位按随机数字表法分为研究组(63例)和对照组(64例),研究组演习前进行6周的心理行为与太极拳训练等综合干预.干预前1 d(干预前)、军事演习后第2天(干预后)分别对2组进行症状自评量表(Symptom Checklist-90,SCL-90)评估和事件相关电位P300检测.结果 (1)心理健康指标比较:与干预前比较,研究组干预后躯体化、人际关系敏感、焦虑因子分均降低,对照组躯体化、人际关系敏感、恐怖因子分及SCL-90总分均升高(P均＜0.05);与对照组比较,干预前2组SCL-90总分及各项因子分差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05),干预后研究组躯体化、人际关系敏感、焦虑、恐怖因子分均低于对照组(P均＜0.05).(2)事件相关电位P300指标比较:与干预前比较,研究组干预后Cz与FPz点P300靶刺激P3波幅升高(q=3.45、3.46,P均＜0.05),FPz点非靶刺激P2潜伏期(167.8±23.5)ms,短于干预前[(188.3±25.2)ms;q=3.54,P＜0.05];对照组干预后FPz点靶刺激P3潜伏期长于干预前(q=3.64,P＜0.05);与对照组比较,干预前2组Cz、FPz点潜伏期及波幅的差异均无统计学意义(F检验,P均＞0.05);干预后研究组Cz与FPz点靶刺激P3和非靶刺激P2潜伏期均短于对照组(P均＜0.05),Cz与FPz点靶刺激P3和FPz点非靶刺激P2波幅均高于对照组(q=3.34、3.35、3.68,P均＜0.05).结论 综合心理行为干预能够改善军事演习应激条件下官兵的心理健康水平和部分电生理指标.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the effects of the comprehensive psychological behavior intervention on the mental health and event-related potentials ( ERPs ) of the servicemen under military exercise. Methods One hundred and twenty-seven servicemen who participated in the military exercise were randomly divided into two groups, named the study group ( n = 63 ) and the control group ( n = 64 ). The servicemen in the study group were given the comprehensive psychological behavior intervention for 6 weeks.They were assessed with the Symptom Checklist-90 ( SCL-90 ) and event-related potential P300( P300 ) preintervention and post-intervention. Results ( 1 )The factors of somatization, interpersonal sensitivity, and anxiety of SCL-90 were significantly decreased after intervention in study group ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). In the control group, the factors of somatization, interpersonal sensitivity, phobic anxiety and total score post-intervention were significantly increased after military exercise ( P ＜0. 05 ). Before intervention, the difference on SCL-90score between the study group and the control group was not significant ( P ＞ 0. 05 ). After intervention, the factors of somatization, interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety, phobic anxiety and total score in the study group were significantly lower than that of the control group ( P ＜0. 05 ). ( 2 )After intervention, the study group showed higher amplitude on target P3 of P300 at Cz and FPz than the baseline ( q = 3.45, 3.46, P ＜ 0. 05 ),and shortened latency on non-target P2 at FPz[( 167.8 ± 23.5 )ms vs. ( 188. 3 ± 25. 2 )ms,q =3.54,P ＜0. 05] . The control group showed higher latency on target P3 at FPz than baseline ( q = 3.64, P ＜ 0. 05 ).Before intervention, there was no significant difference with P300 between two groups ( P ＞0. 05 ). Compared with the controls after intervention, the study group manifested shorter latency on target P3 and non-target P2at Cz and FPz ( P ＜0. 05 ). And higher amplitude on target P3 at Cz and FPz and on non-target P2 at FPz were appeared ( q = 3.34, 3. 35, 3.68, P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusion The comprehensive psychological behavior intervention could effectively improve the mental health and partly electrophysiological index of the serviceman in military stress.     

抑郁症患者5-羟色胺转运体启动子区基因多态性和认知功能的听觉事件相关电位的研究

目的 探讨抑郁症患者的5-羟色胺转运体基因启动子区（5-HTTLPR）基因多态性分布特征和认知功能的损害特点.方法 运用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态（PCR-RFLP）测定60例抑郁症患者（研究组）和60例健康对照者（对照组）的5-HTTLPR基因多态性.应用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、威斯康星卡片分类测验（WCST）、事件相关电位P300对所有被试者进行抑郁和认知功能评定.结果 两组5-HTTLPR基因型频率和等位基因频率差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.SS基因型患者HAMD分值明显高于LS型及LL型（P =0.003,P=0.004）.研究组WCST测评完成分类数低于对照组,持续性错误数、不能维持完整分类数高于对照组（P＜0.05）;研究组P300潜伏期延长、P300波幅降低（P＜0.05）.研究组P300潜伏期与错误应答数呈正相关（r=0.817,P=0.034）.结论 5-HTTLPR基因多态性与抑郁症的发病无相关性,但与抑郁症的严重程度相关;抑郁症患者存在认知功能障碍,其中执行功能和注意功能的降低较为显著.     

尼莫地平对Alzheimer病患者认知功能和听觉事件相关电位P300的影响

目的 观察尼莫地平对Alzheimer病(AD)患者认知功能和听觉事件相关电位P300的影响.方法 将65例AD患者随机分成两组,尼莫地平治疗组(尼莫地平组,32例):尼莫地平注射液治疗;吡拉西坦对照组(吡拉西坦组,33例):吡拉西坦注射液治疗.应用简易精神状态检查量表(MMSE)评定两组患者治疗前后认知功能状况,并进行治疗前后P300检查.同时记录药物不良反应.结果 两组各30例进入结果分析.治疗前两组MMSE评分、P300的潜伏期及波幅差异无显著性(均P＞0.05).治疗14 d、30 d时,两组MMSE评分显著提高(均P＜0.01),P300潜伏期均有缩短,波幅均有提高(尼莫地平组P＜0.01,吡拉西坦组P＜0.05);治疗90 d时,尼莫地平组MMSE评分显著提高、P300潜伏期显著缩短、波幅显著提高(均P＜0.01).治疗后14 d时认知功能改善尼莫地平组明显优于吡拉西坦组(总有效率分别为76.67%,70%)(P＜0.05).两组治疗期间无严重不良反应.结论 尼莫地平注射液能够改善AD患者的认知功能,比吡拉西坦更有效;这可能与尼莫地平的脑保护作用有关.     

Brain changes in early-onset bipolar and unipolar depressive disorders: a systematic review in children and adolescents

Pediatric bipolar disorder (BD) and unipolar disorder (UD) share common symptomatic and functional impairments. Various brain imaging techniques have been used to investigate the integrity of brain white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) in these disorders. Despite promising preliminary findings, it is still unclear whether these alterations may be considered as common trait markers or may be used to distinguish BD from UD. A systematic literature search of studies between 1980 and September 2013 which reported WM/GM changes in pediatric and adolescent BD/UD, as detected by diffusion tensor imaging and voxel-based analysis was conducted. Of the 34 articles judged as eligible, 17 fulfilled our inclusion criteria and were finally retained in this review. More abnormalities have been documented in the brains of children and adolescents with BD than UD. Reductions in the volume of basal ganglia and the hippocampus appeared more specific for pediatric UD, whereas reduced corpus callosum volume and increased rates of deep WM hyperintensities were more specific for pediatric BD. Seminal papers failed to address the possibility that the differences between unipolar and bipolar samples might be related to illness severity, medication status, comorbidity or diagnosis. UD and BD present both shared and distinctive impairments in the WM and GM compartments. More WM abnormalities have been reported in children and adolescents with bipolar disease than in those with unipolar disease, maybe as a result of a low number of DTI studies in pediatric UD. Future longitudinal studies should investigate whether neurodevelopmental changes are diagnosis-specific.