肩峰骨折的分型方法及治疗

目的 探讨肩峰骨折的分型方法及治疗.方法 自2006年8月至2008年8月共收治14例肩峰骨折患者,男11例,女3例;年龄17～65岁,平均49.4岁.肩峰骨折按照Ogawa分型:Ⅰ型3例,Ⅱ型7例,Ⅲ型4例.有5例肩峰骨折属于上肩胛悬吊带复合损伤一部分,其中复合损伤属于肩峰-肩锁关节-锁骨远端3例,锁骨中段-肩峰-肩胛骨外科颈1例,锁骨-喙突-肩胛盂上1/3和肩峰基底部三部位联合损伤1例.共8例患者接受手术治疗,其中肩峰骨折接受手术治疗5例:空心拉力螺钉固定Ⅰ型1例,3.5 mm斜T型锁定接骨板固定Ⅱ型3例,锁定重建接骨板固定Ⅲ型1例.结果 手术组8例,平均随访13.8个月(12～18个月).接受手术患者的肩峰骨折均获得解剖复位,骨性愈合,无内固定物松动等并发症发生,末次随访Constant评分平均84.7分.保守治疗组6例,平均随访15.5个月(14～18个月),肩峰骨折均获骨性愈合,末次随访Constant评分平均71.7分.结论 通过对孤立性的移位明显的肩峰骨折或肩峰骨折属于上肩胛悬吊带多重损伤一部分进行手术治疗可以取得良好疗效.Ogawa分型结合上肩胛悬吊带复合体损伤理论能指导肩峰骨折的治疗,实用性强.     

前外侧切口治疗合并腓骨骨折的胫骨Pilon骨折

正2011年3月~2014年10月,我科采用切开复位腓骨解剖钢板胫骨L型锁定钢板内固定治疗18例合并腓骨骨折的胫骨Pilon骨折患者,疗效满意,报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组18例,男11例,女7例,年龄19~70岁。骨折RüediAllgower分型:Ⅰ型1例,Ⅱ型16例,Ⅲ型1例。均为新鲜闭合骨折。伤后7~10 d待皮肤皱纹出现后行手术治疗。     

股骨重建髓内钉治疗同侧股骨干合并转子间骨折

2006年6月～2011年6月,笔者采用闭合复位股骨重建髓内钉治疗11例同侧股骨干合并转子间骨折患者,取得满意的临床效果. 1 材料与方法 1.1 病例资料本组11例,男9例,女2例,年龄19～62岁.转子间骨折按Evans分型:ⅡA型9例,ⅡB型的2例;股骨干骨折按AO分型:A型5例,B型4例,C型2例.均为闭合骨折.伤后至手术时间2～18 d.     

肩胛盂骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨肩胛盂骨折的分型、手术治疗指征和方法。方法对8例肩胛盂骨折手术治疗患者临床资料进行分析,根据改良Idebery肩胛盂骨折分型:Ⅰ型3例,Ⅱ型1例,Ⅲ型2例,Ⅴ型2例。分别采用切开复位重建钢板和拉力螺钉固定。结果患者均获随访,时间6~41个月,平均14.2个月。根据美国肩肘协会评分标准进行肩关节功能评分,为55~100分,平均85.6分,优5例,良1例,可1例,差1例。结论肩胛骨盂缘骨折块移位≥1 cm、前缘骨折块≥25%、后缘骨折块≥33%,或盂窝骨折肩关节面不平整≥5 mm及盂肱关节不稳定均需手术治疗。对肩胛盂骨折采用改良Idebery分型,有利于指导临床手术治疗,且手术疗效满意。     

关节镜下空心螺钉内固定治疗胫骨髁间嵴骨折

正2012年7月~2015年1月,我科在关节镜下应用空心螺钉内固定治疗12例胫骨髁间嵴骨折患者,疗效满意,报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组12例,男9例,女3例,年龄18~47岁。左侧5例,右侧7例。按Meyers-McKeever分型:Ⅱ型5例,Ⅲ型7例。受伤至手术时间3~     

经肘内侧Herbert螺钉内固定治疗Regan-MorreyⅡ、Ⅲ型尺骨冠状突骨折

正2010年6月~2013年12月,我中心采用Herbert螺钉内固定治疗26例Regan-MorreyⅡ、Ⅲ型尺骨冠状突骨折患者,疗效满意,报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组26例,男16例,女10例,年龄16~60岁。骨折按Regan-Morrey分型分类:Ⅱ型15例,Ⅲ型11例。合并肘关节后脱位6例。受伤至手术时间3~5 d。1.2治疗方法臂丛麻醉。肘内侧入     

手术治疗肩胛骨骨折

<正>2005年1月~2012年12月,我科对20例肩胛骨骨折患者根据不同类型采用不同手术入路进行早期内固定治疗,取得良好效果,报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组20例,男12例,女8例,年龄20~67岁。均为单侧肩胛骨骨折。骨折按解剖区域分型:肩胛盂骨折3例,肩胛颈骨折4例,肩胛体骨折6例,肩胛冈骨折4例,肩峰骨折2例,喙突骨折1例。合并伤:多发性肋骨骨     

改良肱三头肌入路手术治疗肱骨远端C型骨折

正2012年11月~2015年12月,我科使用改良肱三头肌劈开入路手术治疗11例肱骨远端C型骨折患者,肘关节功能恢复满意,报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组11例,男3例,女8例,年龄21~79岁。左侧3例,右侧8例。骨折AO分型:C1型2例,C2型3例,C3型6例。其中1例为GustiloⅠ型开放骨折,其余为新鲜闭合骨折。伤后至手术时间5~10 d。     

经跗骨窦切口切开复位空心钉内固定治疗跟骨骨折

正2008年3月~2014年6月,我们采用经跗骨窦切口复位空心钉内固定治疗13例跟骨骨折患者,近期疗效满意,报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组13例,男11例,女2例,年龄28~62岁。骨折Sanders分型:Ⅱ型10例,Ⅲ型3例。受伤至手术时间7~12 d。1.2治疗方法硬膜外麻醉或全身麻醉下手术。自外踝尖下向第4跖骨基底切开,显露跟骨外侧壁及后跟距关节面     

股骨骨折内固定取出术后再骨折的治疗

2002年5月~2012年3月,我科对11例股骨骨折内固定钢板取出术后再骨折患者进行再次手术治疗,报道如下. 1 材料与方法 1.1 病例资料本组11例,男7例,女4例,年龄25~61岁.股骨上段骨折2例,中段骨折5例,下段骨折4例.骨折按AO分型:A3型5例,B型3例,C型3例.首次手术均采用切开复位、钢板螺钉内固定(其中1例为动力髋关节螺钉系统);3例植自体骨,4例植同种异体骨;手术切口均无感染,内固定拆除时间为术后11~20个月.     

Management of hip fractures in the elderly

A fracture of the proximal femur (or hip fracture) is a devastating injury to an elderly patient. Nearly all patients require surgery as part of their treatment but their care necessitates complex multidisciplinary involvement. In the last few years there have been a number of initiatives to help improve care for this challenging patient group, as well as establishment of National Hip Fracture Databases, to allow us to audit the care provided. With this focus we have seen both mortality and length of stay decrease. The aim of this article is to summarize the current recommendations for patients who suffer a hip fracture.     

Research Update on Stress Riser Fractures

Stress fractures are fatigue-induced fractures which are caused by repetitive force, often from overuse. They are well-established and frequently encountered in the field of orthopedics. Stress fractures occur in the bone because of low-bone strength and high chronic mechanical stress placed on the bone. Stress riser fractures are also stress fractures that occur because of the presence of cortical defects (holes), changes in stiffness, sharp corners, and cracks (fracture lines). Periprosthetic or peri-implant fractures are good examples of stress riser fractures that occur in regions where stress forces are higher than those in the surrounding material. Most stress riser fractures are related to technical errors (iatrogenic causes) and are difficult to manage. It is possible and more effective to prevent the creation of stress riser fractures through better surgical techniques. The proper terminology for stress fractures, stress riser fractures, periprosthetic fractures, peri-implant fractures, interprosthetic fractures, and interimplant fractures is discussed. This review of the current state of knowledge, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of stress riser fractures is based on clinical evidence and recent literature.     

Management of hip fractures in the elderly

A fracture of the proximal femur (or hip fracture) is a devastating injury to an elderly patient. Nearly all patients require surgery as part of their treatment but their care necessitates complex multidisciplinary involvement. In the last ten years there have been a number of initiatives to help improve care for this challenging patient group, as well as establishment of The National Hip Fracture Database, to allow us to audit the care provided. With this focus, we have seen both mortality and length of stay decrease. The aim of this article is to summarize the current recommendations for patients who suffer a hip fracture.     

Decision-making in burst fractures of the thoracolumbar and lumbar spine

The most common site of injury to the spine is the thoracolumbar junction which is the mechanical transition junction between the rigid thoracic and the more flexible lumbar spine. The lumbar spine is another site which is more prone to injury. Absence of stabilizing articulations with the ribs, lordotic posture and more sagitally oriented facet joints are the most obvious explanations. Burst fractures of the spine account for 14% of all spinal injuries. Though common, thoracolumbar and lumbar burst fractures present a number of important treatment challenges. There has been substantial controversy related to the indications for nonoperative or operative management of these fractures. Disagreement also exists regarding the choice of the surgical approach. A large number of thoracolumbar and lumbar fractures can be treated conservatively while some fractures require surgery. Selecting an appropriate surgical option requires an in-depth understanding of the different methods of decompression, stabilization and/or fusion. Anterior surgery has the advantage of the greatest degree of canal decompression and offers the benefit of limiting the number of motion segments fused. These advantages come at the added cost of increased time for the surgery and the related morbidity of the surgical approach. Posterior surgery enjoys the advantage of being more familiar to the operating surgeons and can be an effective approach. However, the limitations of this approach include inadequate decompression, recurrence of the deformity and implant failure. Though many of the principles are the same, the treatment of low lumbar burst fractures requires some additional consideration due to the difficulty of approaching this region anteriorly. Avoiding complications of these surgeries are another important aspect and can be achieved by following an algorithmic approach to patient assessment, proper radiological examination and precision in decision-making regarding management. A detailed understanding of the mechanism of injury and their unique biomechanical propensities following various forms of treatment can help the spinal surgeon manage such patients effectively and prevent devastating complications.     

Fracture of the talus

Summary A total of 218 talar injuries were studied with particular attention to the nature and extent of associated injuries. In 96 patients (44%) there was a fracture of one of the neighbouring bones, viz. 59 fractures of the ankle, 27 of the calcaneum, and 11 of the navicular. Talar injury, ankle fracture, and calcaneal fracture co-existed in 7 patients. Among the cases complicated by ankle fractures 15 were open (25%) and many affected the trochlea (37%). Thirty-six (61%) of the ankle fractures associated with talar injuries were of the supination type, 8 of the pronation type, 5 of the pronation-external rotation type, and 2 of the supination-external rotation type. Of the talar injuries occurring in a supinated foot about half were shearing fractures of the talar neck. Of the 27 calcaneal fractures 11 were compression fractures with depression of the joint surface, whereas the others were non-displaced shearing fractures or avulsion fractures. It is concluded that as a rule the talar injury is not isolated, but associated with a more extensive regional injury and that a supination force is the decisive factor causing a talar injury.

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Résumé Les auteurs ont étudié 218 traumatismes de l'astragale en tenant particulièrement compte de la nature et de l'étendue des lésions associées. Chez 96 blessés (44%), il existait une fracture d'un os voisin, à savoir: 59 fractures du cou-de-pied, 27 du calcanéum et 11 du scaphoïde tarsien. Sept fois, la lésion astragalienne était associée à une fracture du cou-de-pied et du calcanéum. Parmi les cas compliqués de fractures bimalléolaires, 15 étaient ouverts (25%) et plusieurs (37%) siégeaient au niveau de la poulie astragalienne.Trente-six (61%) des lésions associées du cou-de-pied étaient des fractures par supination, 5 étaient des fractures par pronation et 2 par supination-rotation externe. La moitié environ des traumatismes astragaliens survenus sur un pied en supination étaient des fractures par cisaillement du col de l'astragale. Parmi les 27 fractures du calcanéum, 11 étaient des fractures par compression, avec enfoncement thalamique, tandis que les autres étaient des fractures sans déplacement, par cisaillement, ou des fractures par avulsion.Les auteurs concluent qu'en règle un traumatisme de l'astragale n'est pas isolé mais associé à des lésions régionales plus étendues et qu'une force s'exerçant en supination constitue le facteur déterminant des lésions traumatiques de l'astragale.

     

股骨近端骨折后对侧再次骨折

目的　阐述老年性股骨颈和股骨粗隆间骨折后再次对侧股骨近端骨折的发生率、相关因素和临床特征 ,提高对二次骨折的认识和防范。方法　对 1997年 1月～ 2 0 0 1年 10月手术治疗的 4 76例股骨颈骨折和股骨粗隆间骨折病例作回顾性分析 ,针对股骨近端骨折的骨折类型、再次对侧骨折的发生率、骨折时的年龄和性别分布、第一次骨折后再次发生对侧骨折的间隔时间、骨折时的合并症等内容进行研究和比较。结果　 4 76例股骨近端骨折中 ,2 6例为第二次发生的对侧骨折 ,老年性股骨颈和股骨粗隆间骨折后再次对侧股骨近端骨折的发生率为 5 5 % (2 6 / 4 76 )。股骨颈骨折后发生对侧的股骨近端骨折 ,6 8 8% (11/ 16 )的病例仍为股骨颈骨折 ;股骨粗隆间骨折后发生对侧的股骨近端骨折 ,90 0 % (9/ 10 )的病例仍然是股骨粗隆间骨折 ,第二次骨折类型往往同第一次相同。第二次骨折和第一次骨折的时间间隔平均为 2 7年 ,第 2～ 3年发生的占 4 2 3%。单侧和双侧骨折群的年龄和性别无明显差异。白内障、老年性痴呆、Parkinson病、脑血管障碍、脊髓灰质炎后遗症和慢性类风湿性关节炎等合并症的持有率双侧群明显高于单侧群。影响行走功能的合并疾病 ,是再次对侧股骨近端骨折的一个重要易患因素。结论　老年性股骨近端骨折后     

严重Pilon骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨严重Pilon骨折的不同手术方法、手术时机及治疗效果。方法对1999年5月至2006年6月间46例严重Pilon骨折分别采用有限内固定、有限内固定结合外支架固定及三叶草钢板内固定等方法进行手术治疗。按AO分类方式，所有患者均为C型，C1型10例，C2型22例，C3型14例。开放性骨折11例。闭合性骨折35例。结果所有患者术后均获得8～48个月的随访，平均20个月。踝关节功能按Mazur评价，优21例，良12例，可8例，差5例。主要并发症包括2例皮肤坏死，2例皮肤软组织感染，1例骨感染。5例钉道感染。结论 严重Pilon骨折根据不同的骨折类型、软组织损伤程度及医疗条件选择不同的手术方式和手术时机，均可取得良好的治疗效果。     

Unusual combined scaphoid and lunate fracture of the wrist: a case report

All perilunate fracture-dislocations combine ligament ruptures, bone avulsions, and fractures in a variety of clinical forms. The most frequent is the dorsal trans-scaphoid perilunate dislocation. In rare cases, however, these dislocations also have been associated with capitate fractures, triquetral fractures, or lunate fracture. We report a combined scaphoid and lunate fracture of the wrist that was not associated with perilunate dislocation.