细胞减灭术联合腹腔热灌注化疗治疗腹膜转移癌患者的护理

对21例发生腹膜转移癌患者行细胞减灭术加术中腹腔热灌注化疗,手术时间4～10 h,术后1 d出现低蛋白血症5例,术后5d发热1例,局部/全身性水肿2例,均经对症处理后好转;未出现切口感染、切口裂开、腹盆腔或全身感染,随访8～40个月,7例死亡,7例带瘤生存,7例无瘤生存.提出做好术前心理护理和准备;术后密切病情观察,做好引流管、营养支持和预防并发症的护理,可提高手术效果.     

细胞减灭术加腹腔热灌注化疗治疗胃癌腹膜转移癌

目的 观察细胞减灭术(CRS)加腹腔热灌注化疗(HIPEC)治疗胃癌腹膜转移癌(PC)的疗效和安全性.方法 取成年雄性新西兰大白兔42只,将VX2癌细胞注入胃窦部黏膜下,制成溃疡型胃癌PC模型,随机分为空白组(n=14)、单纯CRS组(n=14)、CRS+HIPEC组(n=14).种瘤后第8～9天行治疗,HIPEC药物为多西紫杉醇(10 mg/只)、卡铂(40 mg/只),42 ℃腹腔灌注30 min.主要疗效指标为生存期,次要疗效指标为体质量、生化指标及安全性.结果 模型制作成功率100%(42/42).空白组动物生存期18～30 d(中位数24 d);单纯CRS组20～40 d(中位数27 d);CRS+HIPEC组23～55 d(中位数46 d)(单纯CRS组比空白组比较,P＞0.05;CRS+HIPEC组比单纯CRS组,P＜0.01).与CRS组比较,HIPEC至少能使生存期延长70%.体质量变化趋势提示HIPEC可延缓肿瘤所致的体质量减轻.各组动物种瘤前、术前及术后第8天外周血细胞计数及血生化指标差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 对胃癌PC大动物模型,CRS不能改善预后,而CRS+HIPEC能显著延长生存期,安全可行.

Abstract：

Objective To study the efficacy and safety of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) to treat rabbit model of gastric cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC).Methods VX2 tumor cells were injected into the gastric submucosa of 42 adult male New Zealand rabbits using a laparotomic implantation technique,to construct rabbit model of gastric cancer with PC.The rabbits were randomly divided into three groups:control group (n = 14),CRS group (n = 14),and CRS + HIPEC group (n = 14 ).The rabbits in control group were observed for natural course of disease progression.Treatments were initiated 8 or 9 days after inoculation of tumor cells,including optimal removal of tumor nodules in CRS group,and maximal removal of tumor nodules and heperthermic chemoperfusion in the CRS + HIPEC group with docetaxel (10 mg/rabbit ) and carboplatin (40 mg/rabbit) at 42 ℃ for 30 min.The primary endpoint was overall survival.The secondary endpoints were body weight,biochemistry,major organ functions and serious adverse events.Results The success rates of rabbit PC model were 100% (42/42).The clinicopathological feature of the model was similar to peritoneal carcinomatosis in human.Overall survival was 18-30 days ( median 24 days) in control group,20-40 days ( median 27 days) in CRS group,and 23-55 days ( median 46 days) in CRS plus HIPEC group ( CRS alone group VS control group,P ＞ 0.05;CRS + HIPEC group vs pure CRS group,P ＜ 0.01 ).As compared with CRS only or control groups,HIPEC could extend the overall survival by at least 70%.At the baseline,on the day of surgery and 7 days after surgery,the count of peripheral blood cells,liver and renal functions,and biochemistry parameters were all comparable.Serious adverse events occurred in 0 animal in control group,2 animals in CRS group including 1 animal died of anesthesia overdose and another 1died of postoperative hemorrhage,and 3 animals in CRS + HIPEC group including 1 animal died of anesthesia overdose,and 2 died of diarrhea 23 and 27 days after operation.Conclusion For rabbit model of gastric cancer PC,CRS alone could not bring benefit while CPS + HIPEC with docetaxel and cisplatin could significantly prolong the survival with a acceptable safety.     

肿瘤细胞减灭术联合腹腔热灌注化疗术后肺部并发症的影响因素

目的 探讨肿瘤细胞减灭术联合腹腔热灌注化疗术（HIPEC）患者术后肺部并发症（PPCs）的危险因素,并构建列线图和单变量偏依赖图。
方法 收集2019年1月至2020年6月行肿瘤细胞减灭术联合腹腔热灌注化疗298例患者的临床资料,男122例,女176例,年龄18~80岁,BMI>18 kg/m²,ASA Ⅰ—Ⅲ级。采用逐步回归分析筛选PPCs的影响因素,建立Logistic回归模型并绘制列线图。
结果 有106例（35.6%）患者发生PPCs。逐步回归分析显示,手术时间（OR=1.383, 95%CI 1.022~1.943）、失血量（OR=1.003, 95%CI 1.001~1.005）、红细胞输注量（OR=0.997, 95%CI 0.994~0.999）、进行液体管理时参考的每搏变异度（SVV）值（OR=0.034, 95%CI 0.009~0.089）是PPCs的影响因素。将上述影响因素纳入Logistic回归模型构建列线图,R2=0.912;拟合优度检验χ²=10.673,P=0.2209;C-Index=0.991;准确度=0.9799;Kappa=0.9563;F1值=0.972。
结论 肿瘤细胞减灭术联合HIPEC患者PPCs的影响因素为手术时间、失血量、红细胞输注量和SVV值。列线图预测模型具有良好的区分度与准确度,能很好地运用于肿瘤细胞减灭术联合HIPEC患者PPCs的预测。     

肿瘤细胞减灭术联合腹腔热灌注化疗治疗腹膜转移的影像学评价

近年来肿瘤细胞减灭术（cytoreductive surgery,CRS）和腹腔热灌注化疗（hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy,HIPEC）被越来越多用于治疗腹膜转移。影像学检查在CRS+HIPEC治疗腹膜转移的过程中有着重要作用。本文就CRS+HIPEC治疗腹膜转移的术前影像评估、术后影像评估及目前的局限性作简要介绍。     

目标导向液体治疗在肿瘤细胞减灭术联合腹腔热灌注化疗中的应用

目的探讨目标导向液体治疗(GDFT)在肿瘤细胞减灭术(CRS)联合腹腔热灌注化疗(HIPEC)中的应用效果。方法采用前瞻性研究方法,选取我院腹膜转移瘤拟行CRS联合HIPEC患者86例,分成对照组和观察组,每组43例。对照组患者围手术期行经典输液治疗,观察组患者行GDFT。记录两组患者一般资料、术中血流动力学指标、手术结束时血乳酸水平、尿量、术中补液量、术中出血量及使用呋塞米和多巴胺情况、术后并发症、再次进入重症监护室(ICU)及死亡等情况。结果两组患者一般资料差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组患者晶体补液量和总补液量显著低于对照组患者,胶体补液量显著高于对照组患者(P0.05)。观察组患者手术结束后30 min平均动脉压显著低于对照组患者(P0.05)。观察组术中使用呋塞米和多巴胺率、手术结束时血乳酸水平、住院时间、术后腹部、心脏、呼吸和肝脏并发症发生率和再进入ICU率均显著低于对照组患者(P0.05)。结论 GDFT可有效减少CRS联合HIPEC患者术中补液量,降低术后并发症发生率,缩短住院时间。     

肿瘤细胞减灭术联合腹腔热灌注化疗治疗腹膜癌1384例疗效分析

目的腹膜癌是一类原发或继发于腹膜表面的恶性肿瘤,肿瘤细胞减灭术(CRS)加腹腔热灌注化疗(HIPEC)是针对腹膜癌发展的一套综合治疗策略。本文旨在分析CRS+HIPEC治疗腹膜癌的疗效和安全性,并探讨影响其生存的预后因素。方法采用描述性病例系列研究方法,回顾性收集2004年1月至2020年1月武汉大学中南医院(330例)和首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院(1054例)腹膜肿瘤外科连续治疗的1384例腹膜癌患者的临床病理资料。分析本组患者CRS+HIPEC治疗情况(手术时间、器官切除数量、腹膜切除数量、吻合口数量、HIPEC方案等)、安全性[术中出血量、术后严重不良事件(SAE)及发生时间、治疗情况]、生存情况及影响生存的预后因素。SAE依照国际腹膜癌联盟不良事件定义进行分级,将Ⅲ~Ⅳ级不良事件定义为SAE。围手术期定义为CRS+HIPEC治疗日至术后30 d。OS定义为CRS+HIPEC手术当日至死亡或末次随访时间,采用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存结果描述,组间比较采用Log-rank检验。影响生存的独立预后因素则采用Cox比例风险回归模型单因素和多因素分析。结果全组患者中男529例(38.2%),中位年龄55(10~87)岁,中位体质指数为22.6 kg/m²。1384例腹膜癌患者中来源于胃癌164例(11.8%),结直肠癌287例(20.7%),腹膜假黏液瘤356例(25.7%),腹膜恶性间皮瘤90例(6.5%),卵巢癌、宫颈癌、子宫内膜癌及原发性腹膜癌等共计300例(21.7%),腹膜后肉瘤、肺癌、乳腺癌等少见来源肿瘤187例(13.5%)。本组患者中位手术时间595(90~1170)min,中位脏器切除数2(0~10)个,中位腹膜切除区域数4(0~9)个,中位腹膜癌指数(PCI)评分21(1~39)分,细胞减灭程度(CC)评分0~1分达61.9%(857/1384)。HIPEC方案:顺铂+多西他赛917例(66.3%)、顺铂+丝裂霉素183例(13.2%)、阿霉素+异环磷酰胺43例(3.1%)及其他方案240例(17.3%)。331例(23.9%)腹膜癌患者发生围手术期严重不良事件500例次,其中21例(1.5%)患者因治疗无效于围手术期内死亡,其余患者经积极治疗后痊愈。全组患者中位随访时间为8.6(0.3~182.7)个月,414例(29.9%)死亡,mOS为38.2个月(95%CI:30.6~45.8),1、3、5年生存率分别为73.5%、50.4%、39.3%。其中,胃癌腹膜转移、结直肠癌腹膜转移、腹膜假黏液瘤、恶性腹膜间皮瘤和妇科肿瘤及原发性腹膜癌患者mOS分别为11.3个月(95%CI:8.9~13.8)、18.1个月(95%CI:13.5~22.6)、59.7个月(95%CI:48.0~71.4)、19.5个月(95%CI:6.0~33.0)和51.7个月(95%CI:14.6~88.8),组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。Cox单因素和多因素分析显示,原发肿瘤为胃癌(HR=4.639,95%CI:1.692~12.724)、结直肠癌(HR=4.292,95%CI:1.957~9.420)和恶性腹膜间皮瘤(HR=2.741,95%CI:1.162~6.466);卡氏功能状态(KPS)评分为60分(HR=4.606,95%CI:2.144~9.895)、70分(HR=3.434,95%CI:1.977~5.965);CC评分为1分(HR=2.683,95%CI:1.440~4.999)、2~3分(HR=3.661,95%CI:1.956~6.852)以及围手术期发生SAE(HR=2.588,95%CI:1.846~3.629)均是影响本组腹膜癌患者生存的独立危险因素,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论CRS+HIPEC是针对腹膜癌有效的整合治疗技术,可延长生存,围手术期安全性可接受。术前需要严格筛选病例,KPS评分<80分者应慎重选择接受CRS+HIPEC治疗;术中应在保证安全的前提下,努力达到满意细胞减灭程度;另还要应积极预防围手术期SAE以降低腹膜癌患者死亡风险。     

肿瘤细胞减灭术加腹腔热灌注化疗治疗胃癌腹膜转移的现状与前景

淋巴、血液和种植转移是恶性肿瘤的基本特性.针对胃肠道肿瘤转移的治疗,可清晰看到3个阶段,即针对淋巴结转移的诊断分期和治疗体系,针对血液包括肝、肺转移的诊断评估和治疗体系,针对腹膜种植转移的诊断评估和治疗体系.我国腹膜转移诊治相关研究起步晚,目前仍是临床肿瘤治疗的难题之一[1].     

肿瘤细胞减灭术联合腹腔热灌注化疗治疗原发性肝癌腹膜转移的临床疗效

目的探讨肿瘤细胞减灭术联合腹腔热灌注化疗治疗原发性肝癌腹膜转移的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析笔者所在医院2004年1月至2012年1月期间收治的80例原发性肝癌腹膜转移患者的临床资料,根据患者接受的治疗方法将患者分为观察组40例(行肿瘤细胞减灭术联合腹腔热灌注化疗)和对照组40例(行肿瘤细胞减灭术+常规腹腔注射化疗),比较2组患者的临床疗效和预后。结果接受相应处理后,观察组的细胞减灭程度分级为:0级31例,1级6例,2级3例;对照组的细胞减灭程度分级为:0级32例,1级6例,2级2例。2组患者的细胞减灭程度分级比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.213);且观察组和对照组患者的手术时间(6.8 h比6.5 h)、住院时间(17.3 d比18.7 d)及不良反应发生率〔70.0%(28/40)比60.0%(24/40)〕比较差异也均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后观察组患者均获访,随访时间为10~61个月,平均42.5个月;对照组患者均获访,随访时间为6~49个月,平均30.2个月。随访期间观察组死亡18例,复发12例,转移5例,余5例存活;对照组死亡26例,复发9例,转移5例。观察组患者的中位生存时间为40.1个月,对照组为28.3个月,观察组的预后较好(P<0.01)。结论肿瘤细胞减灭术联合腹腔热灌注化疗治疗原发性肝癌腹膜转移较为安全、合理及有效,具有推广应用价值。     

细胞减灭术联合腹腔热灌注化疗治疗腹膜转移结直肠癌预后列线图预测模型研究

目的 建立经细胞减灭术联合腹腔热灌注化疗（CRS+HIPEC）治疗腹膜转移结直肠癌（PMCRC）病人的预后列线图预测模型并进行验证。方法 回顾性分析2006年1月至2015年12月山东大学附属省立医院接受CRS+HIPEC治疗的146例PMCRC病人的临床资料,所有病例均经病理学检查证实为腹膜转移。应用Cox回归模型对可能影响预后的临床病理学因素进行单因素及多因素分析,确定独立预后因素;应用R软件建立列线图预测模型,采用Bootstrap法进行模型验证,并与腹膜表面疾病严重程度评分（PSDSS）进行比较。结果 随访16（8~30）个月,PMCRC病人3年无病存活率（DFS）为30.8%。年龄、肿瘤pN分期、腹膜癌病指数（PCI）评分及肿瘤组织学类型为PMCRC病人的独立预后因素（P＜0.05）,根据这4项指标建立的列线图模型预测DFS的一致性指数明显高于PSDSS评分系统（0.712 vs. 0.683）,且与实际DFS具有较好的一致性。结论 基于年龄、肿瘤pN分期、PCI评分及肿瘤组织学类型4项独立预后因素建立的预测经CRS+HIPEC治疗PMCRC病人DFS的列线图模型,准确度高,区分度明显优于PSDSS评分系统,且与实际DFS具有较好的一致性,对临床治疗策略制定具有指导意义。     

肿瘤细胞减灭术联合腹腔热灌注化疗能否提高结直肠癌腹膜转移患者生存率的Meta分析

目的:探究肿瘤细胞减灭术（CRS）联合腹腔热灌注化疗（HIPEC）能否提高结直肠癌腹膜转移患者的生存率。方法:从PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library以及CNKI、万方、维普六个数据库中检索腹膜转移的相关文献,并手动检索了法国Elias团队关于腹膜转移的研究。文献纳入标准：（1）研究对象为结直肠癌...     

肿瘤细胞减灭术联合腹腔内热灌注化疗的围麻醉期管理

背景 肿瘤细胞减灭术联合腹腔内热灌注化疗(cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy,CRS-HIPEC)用于治疗腹膜表面恶性肿瘤(peritoneal surface malignancies,PSM)正发挥越来越重要的作用...     

Trends in the indications for and short-term outcomes of cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy

BackgroundCytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is an increasingly utilized strategy for patients with peritoneal surface malignancies (PSM).MethodsThe US HIPEC Collaborative was retrospectively reviewed to compare the indications and perioperative outcomes of patients who underwent CRS ± HIPEC between 2000 and 2012 (P1) versus 2013–2017 (P2).ResultsAmong 2,364 patients, 39% were from P1 and 61% from P2. The most common primary site was appendiceal (64%) while the median PCI was 13 and most patients had CCR 0 (60%) or 1 (25%). Over time, median estimated blood loss, need for transfusion, and length of hospital stay decreased. While the incidence of any (55% vs. 57%; p = 0.426) and Clavien III/IV complications did not change over time, there was a decrease in 90-day mortality (5% vs. 3%; p = 0.045).ConclusionCRS-HIPEC is increasingly performed for PSM at high-volume centers. Despite improvements in some perioperative outcomes and a reduction in postoperative mortality, morbidity rates remain high.     

Outcomes after cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for peritoneal surface dissemination from ovarian neoplasms

Background

Few data exist on the treatment of peritoneal surface dissemination (PSD) from ovarian cancer (OC) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). This work represents a review of the authors' institution's experience with HIPEC for PSD from OC.

Methods

Fifty-one patients with OC treated with HIPEC between 1996 and 2009 were identified in a prospectively managed database. All patients underwent maximal tumor debulking followed by HIPEC with mitomycin C, carboplatin, or paclitaxel.

Results

The median survival in this cohort was 29 months. When stratified by resection status, patients undergoing R0 and R1 resections experienced longer median survival than those who underwent R2 resections (47 vs 12 months, P = .0002). Intraoperative blood loss ≤ 400 mL resulted in greater 5-year survival than blood loss > 400 mL (60% vs 15%, P = .025).

Conclusions

This experience demonstrates that long-term survival is anticipated in patients who undergo complete cytoreduction followed by HIPEC for PSD from OC. These findings not only highlight the potential utility of HIPEC in the treatment of OC but also underscore the importance of maximal cytoreduction followed by HIPEC in this cohort of patients.     

肿瘤细胞减灭术联合腹腔内热灌注化疗术后谵妄发生的危险因素分析

目的筛选肿瘤细胞减灭术联合腹腔内热灌注化疗术后谵妄发生的危险因素。方法全麻下行肿瘤细胞减灭术联合腹腔内热灌注化疗患者150例,年龄18~75岁,性别不限,美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级Ⅰ~Ⅲ级,体重40~70 kg。根据术后72小时内是否发生谵妄分为谵妄组和非谵妄组。记录患者性别、年龄、体重、ASA分级、术前空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白;既往史包括肿瘤切除术史、化疗和放疗史;合并症包括抑郁症、高血压、冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病、慢性主观性头晕、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、腔隙性脑梗死和慢性肾功能衰竭;手术相关因素包括腹腔内热灌注时间、手术时间和术后机械通气时间;术后镇痛补救情况。将组间比较差异有统计学意义的因素进行多因素Logistic回归分析,筛选术后谵妄发生的危险因素。结果 139例患者中42例发生术后谵妄,发生率为30.2%。Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄≥65岁、术前抑郁、长时间腹腔内热灌注化疗和术后ICU长时间机械通气是肿瘤细胞减灭术联合腹腔内热灌注化疗术后谵妄的独立危险因素。结论年龄≥65岁、术前抑郁、长时间腹腔内热灌注化疗和术后ICU长时间机械通气是肿瘤细胞减灭术联合腹腔内热灌注化疗术后谵妄的独立危险因素。     

Survival after cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for colorectal peritoneal metastases: A systematic review and discussion of latest controversies

IntroductionPeritoneal metastases confer the worst survival amongst all sites of metastatic colorectal cancer. The adoption of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has become an option for patients with isolated colorectal peritoneal metastases (CRPM). The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes following CRS and HIPEC for CRPM from published high volume cohort studies and to highlight the latest controversies and future directions of CRPM treatment.Materials and methodsA systematic review was performed on published studies on the treatment outcomes of CRS and HIPEC for colorectal peritoneal metastases.ResultsTwenty studies met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. The median survival for all patients ranged from 14.6 to 60.1 months. The 5-year overall survival ranged from 23.4% to 52%. For patients with complete cytoreduction, the median survival was 25 to 49 months. Major morbidity and mortality ranged from 15.1% to 47.2% and 0% to 4.5%, respectively.ConclusionCRS and HIPEC for the treatment of CRPM is safe and current evidence suggests it improves both median and disease-free survival. However, the efficacy of intraperitoneal chemotherapy, in particular oxaliplatin, has recently come under scrutiny. Accordingly, higher quality evidence is urgently required to contribute to multidisciplinary and international consensus on CRPM treatment strategies.     

Peritoneal carcinomatosis in patients with gastric cancer,and the role for surgical resection,cytoreductive surgery,and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy

BackgroundThe aims of this study were to create a model of peritoneal carcinomatosis in patients with gastric cancer and to evaluates outcomes in patients with gastric cancer treated using surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC).MethodsA single-institution cohort of patients with gastric cancer was analyzed according to the development of gastric cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis (GCPC). Variables were evaluated using regression analysis. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to evaluate outcomes after surgical resection, cytoreductive surgery, and HIPEC.ResultsAge ≤60 years and local tumor stage (T3/T4) were significantly associated with GCPC (odds ratio, 3.95 and 3.94, respectively). Thirty-six-month survival was 57% for patients without peritoneal disease and 39% for patients with GCPC. There was no significant trend of improved survival after surgical management or HIPEC.ConclusionsAge ≤60 years and T3/T4 tumor stage are risk factors for GCPC. Intermediate-term survival of patients with GCPC treated with surgical resection or cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC was not improved, though future research should address the possible benefits of aggressive approaches to the treatment of GCRC.